: To analyze the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among primary and secondary school students in Rural Nutrition Improvement Program areas of Guizhou Province in 2023, and to explore the related factors, so as to provide evidence for Rural Nutrition Improvement Program optimization. Methods: In September 2023, a stratified random cluster sampling strategy was used to select 40 rural compulsory education schools with rural nutrition improvement program in five counties of Guizhou Province. School level questionnaire was employed to collect information of basic characteristics and school meal implementation. A total of 7 826 primary and secondary school students aged 6-16 underwent anthropometry and hemoglobin (Hb) determination; serum ferritin (SF) was additionally measured in a random subsample of 1 795 pupils. Students in Grade 3 and above also completed a questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, dietary behaviours and nutrition knowledge. Group comparisons were conducted by Chi square test or Fisher s exact test, and multivariable Logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with anemia and iron deficiency. Results: The overall Hb level was (133.21±12.95)g/L, with an anemia prevalence of 7.17%. The overall SF level was (69.58±59.01)μg/L, with an iron deficiency prevalence of 2.73%. Multivariable analysis showed that stunting ( OR =1.88), school menus without nutrient calculation ( OR =1.61) and absence of menu planning software in the current semester ( OR =2.34) independently increased anemia risk, whereas obesity reduced it ( OR =0.54) (all P <0.05). Girls ( OR =4.16) and Grades 7-9 ( OR =5.93) increased iron deficiency risk (both P <0.05). Compared with rarely eating fresh vegetables, students with consuming <3 kinds per day ( OR =0.08) or exactly 3 kinds per day ( OR =0.06) had lower iron deficiency risks (both P <0.05). Conclusions Anemia and iron deficiency are prevalent among primary and secondary school students in Guizhou. Targeted intervention measures should be implemented for key populations to enhance the effectiveness of nutrition improvement program.

Objective To systematically analyze the medical radiation exposure levels in a district of Ningbo City and to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable and effective control of medical radiation exposure. Methods Based on the radiological diagnosis frequency and dose information system, basic medical radiation exposure data were collected, such as radiation doses received by patients in various X-ray diagnostic examinations, from all 13 public medical institutions in a district of Ningbo City from January 1 to December 31, 2020. The data were analyzed for the percentage and collective effective dose of various diagnostic examinations, the distribution of examinations by sex and age, and the number of patients undergoing two or more examinations and their cumulative doses within multiple time intervals. Results Among medical X-ray diagnostic examinations in the district, the percentages of CT examination and routine photography examination were 50.88% and 47.93%, respectively, and the collective effective dose of CT examination accounted for 97.75%. By age and sex, the frequency of examination was the highest in the age group of 45-54 years, and the frequency of examination in the male was higher than that in the female before age 55. The annual effective dose for two patients exceeded 100 mSv. Conclusion In this study, CT examination accounted for up to 50.88% of all medical X-ray diagnostic examinations, and contributed 97.75% of the collective effective dose, highlighting the need for particular attention to the justification of medical radiation exposure from CT.

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion leads to white matter injury (WMI), which plays a significant role in contributing to vascular cognitive impairment. While 13-docosenamide is a type of fatty acid amide, it remains unclear whether it has therapeutic effects on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. In this study, we conducted bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) surgery to simulate chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced WMI and cognitive impairment. Our findings showed that 13-docosenamide alleviates WMI and cognitive impairment in BCAS mice. Mechanistically, 13-docosenamide specifically binds to cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). This interaction results in an upregulation of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 33 (USP33)-mediated CNR1 deubiquitination, subsequently increasing CNR1 protein expression, activating the phosphorylation of the AKT/mTOR pathway, and promoting the differentiation of OPCs. In conclusion, our study suggests that 13-docosenamide can ameliorate chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced WMI and cognitive impairment by enhancing OPC differentiation and could serve as a potential therapeutic drug.
Animals ; Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells/metabolism* ; Mice ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects* ; Male ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/metabolism* ; Ubiquitination/drug effects* ; Carotid Stenosis/complications* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy*

Objective In order to understand the current status and influencing factors of perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation knowledge,attitude,and practice among Chinese thoracic surgery nurses,and to provide references for managers to take targeted measures to improve their pulmonary rehabilitation knowledge,attitude,and practice level.Methods From August to October 2023,a convenience sampling method and cross-sectional descriptive survey were used to anonymously survey 1 167 thoracic surgery nurses from tertiary-level A cancer specialty hospitals and tertiary-level A general hospitals in 24 provinces through the Wenjuanxing platform.A general information questionnaire and a knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire for lung cancer perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation nurses were used,including knowledge dimension(14 items),belief dimension(6 items),and behavior dimension(14 items),totaling 34 items.Univariate analysis and linear regression multivariate analysis were used to determine the influencing factors of the knowledge,attitude and practice level of thoracic surgery nurses in perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation.Results 1 089 nurses completed the investigation.The total standard score and the dimension scores on knowledge,attitude,and behavior of the perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation questionnaire for thoracic surgery nurses were(80.45±11.84)(73.72±14.68)(89.61±11.38)and(83.46±14.48),respectively.The nature of the hospital,whether there is an administrative position,whether the department carries out ERAS,and whether they have received pulmonary rehabilitation training are the influencing factors of the perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation knowledge,attitude,and practice level of thoracic surgery nurses(P＜0.05).Conclusion The knowledge,attitude,and practice of perioperative lung rehabilitation among thoracic surgery nurses are generally at a moderate level.However,their knowledge of perioperative lung rehabilitation is relatively insufficient,and there are many influencing factors.Managers should strengthen pulmonary rehabilitation training for thoracic surgery nurses,improve their knowledge reserves and evidence conversion capabilities,and coordinate cross-integration among multidisciplinary teams to improve their knowledge,attitude and practice in perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation.

Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is one of the common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus （DM） and a primary cause of chronic kidney disease （CKD） and end-stage renal disease （ESRD）. Inflammation is currently a hot topic in exploring the pathogenesis of DKD. Macrophages， T cells， interleukins， tumor necrosis factor， NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome， Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT） signaling pathway， and nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）-related signaling pathway all play a role in regulating the inflammation of DKD and accelerating its progression. Astragali Radix， a Chinese herbal medicine， is widely used in the treatment of DKD and possesses strong anti-inflammatory effects. Studies have revealed that active ingredients of Astragali Radix， including polysaccharides， astragaloside Ⅳ， total flavonoids， calycosin， and quercetin， can regulate multiple signaling pathways to ameliorate the microinflammatory state and alleviate kidney damage， thereby slowing down the progression of DKD. This article systematically reviews the factors influencing the inflammation in DKD and analyzes recent research findings and mechanisms concerning active ingredients of Astragali Radix in the management of DKD inflammation， aiming to offer novel insights and directions for the prevention， treatment， and research of DKD.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum TNF super family 15(TNFSF15),growth differentiation factor 11(GDF11)and in-stent restenosis(ISR)in patients with unstable angina pectoris(UAP)undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 350 UAP patients who underwent PCI treatment in the Second Hospital of Qinhuangdao from January 1,2020 to January 1,2021 were collected as observation subjects,and they were separated into non-ISR group(n=246)and ISR group(n=104)based on whether they had experienced ISR.ELISA was applied to determine the levels of serum TNFSF15 and GDF11,ROC curve was applied to analyze the predictive value of serum TNFSF15 and GDF11 levels for postoperative ISR in UAP patients after PCI,and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of ISR in UAP patients after PCI.Results Compared with the non-ISR group,the ISR group showed an increase in blood glucose,smoking history and LDL-C levels(t/χ2=22.908,18.869,47.337),as well as elevated serum TNFSF15 levels(16.97±1.51 pg/ml vs 18.35±1.62pg/ml)and GDF11 levels(157.72±16.13pg/ml vs 174.11±18.65 pg/ml)decreased(t=7.429,7.811),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.001).The AUC(95%CI)of serum TNFSF15 and GDF11 in dependently and jointly predicting ISR after PCI in UAP patients were 0.764(0.716～0.808),0.781(0.734～0.823)and 0.849(0.807～0.885),respectively,and the joint prediction of the two was higher than the individual prediction(Z=4.365,3.257,all P<0.001).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of serum TNFSF15,the level of GDF11 was a protective factor for ISR in UAP patients after PCI(Wald χ2=11.000,36.321,all P<0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of TNFSF15 and GDF11 decreased in UAP patients with postoperative ISR after PCI,which have good predictive value for the occurrence of ISR in UAP patients after PCI.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum TNF super family 15(TNFSF15),growth differentiation factor 11(GDF11)and in-stent restenosis(ISR)in patients with unstable angina pectoris(UAP)undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 350 UAP patients who underwent PCI treatment in the Second Hospital of Qinhuangdao from January 1,2020 to January 1,2021 were collected as observation subjects,and they were separated into non-ISR group(n=246)and ISR group(n=104)based on whether they had experienced ISR.ELISA was applied to determine the levels of serum TNFSF15 and GDF11,ROC curve was applied to analyze the predictive value of serum TNFSF15 and GDF11 levels for postoperative ISR in UAP patients after PCI,and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of ISR in UAP patients after PCI.Results Compared with the non-ISR group,the ISR group showed an increase in blood glucose,smoking history and LDL-C levels(t/χ2=22.908,18.869,47.337),as well as elevated serum TNFSF15 levels(16.97±1.51 pg/ml vs 18.35±1.62pg/ml)and GDF11 levels(157.72±16.13pg/ml vs 174.11±18.65 pg/ml)decreased(t=7.429,7.811),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.001).The AUC(95%CI)of serum TNFSF15 and GDF11 in dependently and jointly predicting ISR after PCI in UAP patients were 0.764(0.716～0.808),0.781(0.734～0.823)and 0.849(0.807～0.885),respectively,and the joint prediction of the two was higher than the individual prediction(Z=4.365,3.257,all P<0.001).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of serum TNFSF15,the level of GDF11 was a protective factor for ISR in UAP patients after PCI(Wald χ2=11.000,36.321,all P<0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of TNFSF15 and GDF11 decreased in UAP patients with postoperative ISR after PCI,which have good predictive value for the occurrence of ISR in UAP patients after PCI.

Objective In order to understand the current status and influencing factors of perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation knowledge,attitude,and practice among Chinese thoracic surgery nurses,and to provide references for managers to take targeted measures to improve their pulmonary rehabilitation knowledge,attitude,and practice level.Methods From August to October 2023,a convenience sampling method and cross-sectional descriptive survey were used to anonymously survey 1 167 thoracic surgery nurses from tertiary-level A cancer specialty hospitals and tertiary-level A general hospitals in 24 provinces through the Wenjuanxing platform.A general information questionnaire and a knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire for lung cancer perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation nurses were used,including knowledge dimension(14 items),belief dimension(6 items),and behavior dimension(14 items),totaling 34 items.Univariate analysis and linear regression multivariate analysis were used to determine the influencing factors of the knowledge,attitude and practice level of thoracic surgery nurses in perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation.Results 1 089 nurses completed the investigation.The total standard score and the dimension scores on knowledge,attitude,and behavior of the perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation questionnaire for thoracic surgery nurses were(80.45±11.84)(73.72±14.68)(89.61±11.38)and(83.46±14.48),respectively.The nature of the hospital,whether there is an administrative position,whether the department carries out ERAS,and whether they have received pulmonary rehabilitation training are the influencing factors of the perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation knowledge,attitude,and practice level of thoracic surgery nurses(P＜0.05).Conclusion The knowledge,attitude,and practice of perioperative lung rehabilitation among thoracic surgery nurses are generally at a moderate level.However,their knowledge of perioperative lung rehabilitation is relatively insufficient,and there are many influencing factors.Managers should strengthen pulmonary rehabilitation training for thoracic surgery nurses,improve their knowledge reserves and evidence conversion capabilities,and coordinate cross-integration among multidisciplinary teams to improve their knowledge,attitude and practice in perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation.

In recent years, the number of people living in short-term and long-term period in high-altitude has been continuously increasing, with over 81.6 million people living in areas with an altitude of ≥ 2, [KG*9]500 meters. In China, there are over 10 million people who frequently reside at high altitudes, and over 20 million people enter the plateau every year. The unique plateau climate has triggered a series of plateau related diseases, among which high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is one of the most serious diseases. If patients are not treated promptly and appropriately, they may die from cerebral hernia within 24 hours. However, the exact mechanism of the development of HACE is not fully understood, which makes the clinical prevention and treatment of HACE challenging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their exosomes (MSC-Exos) have the ability to repair damaged tissues and cells, resist oxidative stress, inhibit inflammatory reactions, and regulate autophagy, which may potentially become new drugs for preventing and treating HACE. This article elucidated the pathogenesis of high altitude brain edema and the potential roles of MSC and MSC-Exos based on relevant literatureat home and abroad, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of HACE by MSC and MSC-Exos.

Objective:To estimate and analyze the levels of occupational exposure of aircrews in China, and to provide scientific basis for strengthening occupational health management.Methods:Through the FlightAware website, the flight data were collected of a total of 104 routes flying between airports with large passenger volume in China. Four kinds of cosmic radiation dose estimation programs CARI, SIEVERT, PCAIRE, and JISCARD-EX were compared and analyzed from the aspects of covering the number of airports in China, program user experience and example calculation of airline effective dose. Based on route logs, CARI-7A was applied to estimate the levels of occupational exposure of Chinese aircrews to cosmic radiation.Results:The difference in the effective doses calculated by use of these four cosmic radiation dose estimation programs for the routes with different solar activity levels was statistically significant ( M=7.52-180.98, P<0.05). The annual effective dose estimated by PCAIRE for 68 routes from 2014 to 2021 was significantly higher than that estimated by CARI-7A ( Z=2.52, P<0.05). Based on CARI-7A, the annual effective doses from cosmic radiation to aircrews in China from 2014 to 2021 were estimated, being 1.26 (0.57-2.35) mSv for flight attendants and 1.03 (0.47-1.92) mSv for pilots. The effective dose from cosmic radiation to aircrews on a single flight on some high-frequency routes in China ranged from 0.57 to 6.88 μSv. Conclusions:The level of occupational exposure of Chinese aircrews to cosmic radiation meets the requirements of national standards, but is higher than that of occupational exposure from medical and industrial applications of radiation, so it is still necessary to further strengthen the mamagememt of occupational exposure and occupational health of aircrews.