BACKGROUND:The incidence rate of chronic non-specific neck pain is high and the etiology is unknown.Myofascial pain and deep cervical flexor atrophy are the key factors.Extracorporeal shockwave therapy can improve microcirculation,relieve local pain,and delay the degenerative development of the cervical spine,while motion control training can significantly improve neck muscle strength and endurance and reduce neck pain.However,both methods have limited effectiveness when applied individually.OBJECTIVE:To explore the therapeutic efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave intervention combined with motion control training at the upper trapezius muscle on chronic non-specific neck pain.METHODS:Forty-two patients with chronic non-specific neck pain recruited from Shenyang Sport University were randomly divided into three groups:a shock wave group(n=14),in which extracorporeal shockwave intervention at the upper trapezius muscle was given for 10-15 minutes,once a week for 4 weeks;a training group(n=14),in which motion control training was given for 40-50 minutes,three times a week for 4 weeks;and a combination group(n=14),in which extracorporeal shockwave intervention at the upper trapezius muscle combined with motion control training was performed for 4 weeks.Patients were assessed for pain intensity,cervical spine function,upper trapezius muscle thickness,hemodynamic parameters,and serum interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α levels before intervention,1 week and 4 weeks after intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the pre-intervention period,the visual analogue scale scores and neck disability index in the three groups were lower after 1 and 4 weeks of intervention(P＜0.05),and the visual analogue scale scores and neck disability index in the combination group were lower than those of the shock wave group and the training group(P＜0.05).(2)Compared with the pre-intervention period,the upper trapezius thickness increased in the training group and the combination group after 4 weeks of intervention(P＜0.05);the upper trapezius thickness was greater in the combination group than in the shock wave group and the training group after 4 weeks of intervention(P＜0.05).(3)The shock wave group and the combination group had an increase in the peak systolic velocity of the ascending segment of the transverse carotid artery(P＜0.05)and a decrease in the resistance index(P＜0.05)after 1 and 4 weeks of intervention,while the training group showed an increase in the peak systolic velocity of the ascending segment of the transverse carotid artery(P＜0.05)and a decrease in the resistance index(P＜0.05)after 4 weeks of intervention.The peak systolic velocity of the ascending segment of the transverse carotid artery in the combination group was higher(P＜0.05)and the resistance index was lower(P＜0.05)than those in the shockwave group and the training group after 1 and 4 weeks of intervention.(4)Compared with the pre-intervention period,the levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α were reduced in the shock wave and combination groups after 1 and 4 weeks of intervention(P＜0.05),and in the training group after 4 weeks of intervention(P＜0.05).After 1 and 4 weeks of intervention,the levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α were lower in the combination group than in the shock wave group and the training group(P＜0.05).To conclude,extracorporeal shock wave combined with motion control training for chronic non-specific neck pain significantly reduces pain and improves neck function,and the mechanism of action may be to promote the blood flow velocity at the trigger point,reduce blood flow resistance,reduce the serum levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α,and increase the thickness of the upper trapezius muscle.

BACKGROUND:The incidence rate of chronic non-specific neck pain is high and the etiology is unknown.Myofascial pain and deep cervical flexor atrophy are the key factors.Extracorporeal shockwave therapy can improve microcirculation,relieve local pain,and delay the degenerative development of the cervical spine,while motion control training can significantly improve neck muscle strength and endurance and reduce neck pain.However,both methods have limited effectiveness when applied individually.OBJECTIVE:To explore the therapeutic efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave intervention combined with motion control training at the upper trapezius muscle on chronic non-specific neck pain.METHODS:Forty-two patients with chronic non-specific neck pain recruited from Shenyang Sport University were randomly divided into three groups:a shock wave group(n=14),in which extracorporeal shockwave intervention at the upper trapezius muscle was given for 10-15 minutes,once a week for 4 weeks;a training group(n=14),in which motion control training was given for 40-50 minutes,three times a week for 4 weeks;and a combination group(n=14),in which extracorporeal shockwave intervention at the upper trapezius muscle combined with motion control training was performed for 4 weeks.Patients were assessed for pain intensity,cervical spine function,upper trapezius muscle thickness,hemodynamic parameters,and serum interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α levels before intervention,1 week and 4 weeks after intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the pre-intervention period,the visual analogue scale scores and neck disability index in the three groups were lower after 1 and 4 weeks of intervention(P＜0.05),and the visual analogue scale scores and neck disability index in the combination group were lower than those of the shock wave group and the training group(P＜0.05).(2)Compared with the pre-intervention period,the upper trapezius thickness increased in the training group and the combination group after 4 weeks of intervention(P＜0.05);the upper trapezius thickness was greater in the combination group than in the shock wave group and the training group after 4 weeks of intervention(P＜0.05).(3)The shock wave group and the combination group had an increase in the peak systolic velocity of the ascending segment of the transverse carotid artery(P＜0.05)and a decrease in the resistance index(P＜0.05)after 1 and 4 weeks of intervention,while the training group showed an increase in the peak systolic velocity of the ascending segment of the transverse carotid artery(P＜0.05)and a decrease in the resistance index(P＜0.05)after 4 weeks of intervention.The peak systolic velocity of the ascending segment of the transverse carotid artery in the combination group was higher(P＜0.05)and the resistance index was lower(P＜0.05)than those in the shockwave group and the training group after 1 and 4 weeks of intervention.(4)Compared with the pre-intervention period,the levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α were reduced in the shock wave and combination groups after 1 and 4 weeks of intervention(P＜0.05),and in the training group after 4 weeks of intervention(P＜0.05).After 1 and 4 weeks of intervention,the levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α were lower in the combination group than in the shock wave group and the training group(P＜0.05).To conclude,extracorporeal shock wave combined with motion control training for chronic non-specific neck pain significantly reduces pain and improves neck function,and the mechanism of action may be to promote the blood flow velocity at the trigger point,reduce blood flow resistance,reduce the serum levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α,and increase the thickness of the upper trapezius muscle.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and cytokines expression characteristics in infants with mild and severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.Methods:From May 2023 to December 2023, plasma samples and clinical information were collected from 16 infants with RSV infection and 14 control infants. Cytek Aurora flow cytometry (Cytek, America) and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the expression levels of 25 cytokines after mild and severe RSV infection.Results:Cough and nasal obstruction were the main clinical manifestations in infants with mild RSV infection, accompanied by polypnea, wheezing and other symptoms. The main symptoms of severe RSV infection were cough and rales, accompanied by fever and polypnea. In comparison with the control group, the expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, IL-22, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, MIP-1β, I-TAC, ENA-78, GROα, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 in the RSV infection group all exhibited an upregulation trend. Both IP-10 and MIP-3α demonstrated a downward trend in the RSV infection group; however, there was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). The levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, and IL-8 in the RSV infection group were significantly higher than those in the control group, whereas the levels of MIG, TARC, and RANTES in the RSV infection group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-22, IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-8, I-TAC, MIP-1β, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 in the mild RSV infection group were significantly higher than those in the severe RSV infection group ( P>0.05). Among these, the levels of MIG, RANTES, TARC, MIP-3α, and ENA-78 in the mild infection group were all lower than those in the severe infection group. The expressions of ENA-78 and MIP-1α in the severe infection group were significantly higher than those in the mild infection group and also higher than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in IP-10 and GROα between the mild and severe RSV infection groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The differences in clinical features and cytokines between infants with mild and severe RSV infection provide important data support for the prevention and treatment of RSV infection in infants.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for in-hospital malignant ventricular arrhythmia (MVA) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to construct and validate a risk prediction model.Methods:This study was a retrospective cohort study. Patients aged≥18 years who were admitted to Qilu Hospital of Shandong University with a diagnosis of AMI and underwent coronary angiography (CAG) from May 2016 to March 2023 were selected, and the patients' clinical routine test indicators and CAG results were collected. Univariate and bidirectional stepwise logistic regression were used to screen out the risk factors for constructing the best prediction model. The prediction model was constructed by combining the results of multivariate logistic regression. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and ROC curve, calibration curve, and decision curve were drawn to evaluate the model. The nomogram was drawn to visualize the model, and the Bootstrap self-sampling method was used for internal validation. The ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive performance of each risk factor and prediction model. Finally, a multicollinearity test was performed.Results:Among the 4 205 patients finally included in the study, 115 patients (2.735%) developed MVA during hospitalization. The predictive factors screened out included age (X1), diastolic blood pressure (X2), respiratory rate (X3), blood glucose (X4), serum potassium (X5), logarithmic NT-proBNP (X6), myocardial infarction type (NSTEMI=X7, unclassified=X8), J wave (X9), Killip grade (Ⅱ=X10, Ⅲ=X11, Ⅳ=X12), and the regression equation was ln(p/1-p)=-4.699+0.029×X1-0.012×X2+0.059×X3+0.148×X4-1.175×X5+0.866×X6-1.427×X7-0.475×X8+0.758×X9+0.294×X10+0.902×X11+1.815×X12. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the model was 0.855 (95% CI: 0.816-0.894), and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test ( χ2=14.178, P=0.077) and the calibration curve showed that the predicted probability was consistent with the actual probability. The probability threshold of 0% to 65% had a better clinical net benefit. The area under the internal validation ROC curve (AUC) was 0.855, 95% CI: 0.813-0.891. The prediction performance of the nine variables was stronger than that of any single variable. There was no multicollinearity between the variables. Conclusions:Age, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, blood glucose, serum potassium, NT-proBNP, type of AMI, J wave, and Killip class are forecasting indicator for in-hospital MVA in AMI. The risk prediction model based on the above factors has good predictive performance.

Objective:To analyze the validity of an enhanced nutrition management model for all pregnant women in reducing the incidence of macrosomia.Methods:This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Beijing Birth Cohort database established by Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. A total of 73 193 pregnant women who underwent regular prenatal examinations and delivered at the hospital between January 2018 and December 2023 were consecutively included. From 2018 to 2020, all participants received nutrition education, and high-risk pregnancies predisposed to macrosomia were referred to nutrition clinics for further follow-up. From 2021 to 2023, obstetricians participated in nutritional assessments and gestational weight gain guidance, with repeated nutrition evaluations and education provided during early, mid, and late pregnancy. A multidisciplinary team (obstetrics and nutrition departments) collaborated to implement an enhanced nutrition management model for all pregnant women. General data, parity, gestational age at delivery, neonatal birth weight, and clinical information were collected. Annual incidences of macrosomia and low birth weight were calculated. Chi-square tests and variance analysis were used to analyzed yearly changes in macrosomia rates and evaluate the impact of the two-phase management strategies on macrosomia incidence, thereby to explore the validity of an enhanced nutrition management model for all pregnant women in reducing the incidence of macrosomia.Results:The number of deliveries included annually from 2018 to 2023 was 14 578, 15 413, 11 496, 11 146, 10 396, and 10 164, respectively. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass indices in 2022 to 2023 were higher than those in 2018 to 2021 [(22.26±3.50) and (22.23±3.65) vs (21.87±3.27), (21.82±3.31), (21.86±3.34) and (21.94±3.39) kg/m2, respectively (all P<0.05)]. Neonatal birth weights in 2021 to 2022 were lower than those in 2018 to 2020 [(3 271±514) and (3 270±513) vs (3 323±504), (3 314±500), and (3 315±510) g], and the birth weight in 2023 was further reduced compared to that in 2018 to 2022 [(3 236±506) vs (3 323±504), (3 314±500), (3 315±510), (3 271±514) and (3 270±513) g] (all P<0.05). The incidence of macrosomia in 2021 to 2022 was lower than those in 2018 to 2020 (5.55%, 5.75% vs 6.97%, 6.68%, 6.67%), and the incidence in 2023 further decreased compared to those in 2018 to 2022 (4.16% vs 6.97%, 6.68%, 6.67%, 5.55%, 5.75%) (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The enhanced nutrition management model for all pregnant women effectively reduces the incidence of macrosomia, demonstrating significant clinical value for widespread implementation.

Objective To investigate the karyotypes and the correlation of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetuses with increased nu-chal translucency(NT),so as to provide a basis for prenatal genetic counseling.Methods The clinical data of 386 singleton pregnant women with NT≥2.5mm who underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The fetuses were grouped according to NT thickness(2.5-3.4,3.5-3.9,4.0-4.9,5.0-5.9,and ≥6.0 mm),fetal ultrasound abnormalities(isolated increased NT,non-isolated increased NT),and maternal age(advanced age ≥35 years,non-advanced age＜35 years).The chi-square test was used to compare the differences of the incidence of fetal chromosomal abnormalities among various groups.Results Among the 386 fetuses with increased NT,chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 87 cases with an overall detection rate of 22.5％(87/386),including chromosomal numerical abnormalities accounted for 82.8％(72/87)and copy number variations(CNVs)accounted for 17.2％(15/87).The detection rates of chromosomal abnormal-ities and numerical abnormalities increased with NT thickness(P＜0.05),while no statistically significant difference of CNV abnormali-ty rates was found(P=0.41).The detection rates of chromosomal abnormalities(36.5％)and CNV abnormalities(14.1％)in the non-isolated increased NT group were significantly higher than those in the isolated increased NT group(18.6％and 1.0％,respective-ly,both P＜0.05).The detection rates of chromosomal abnormalities(34.7％)and numerical abnormalities(31.6％)in the fetuses of advanced maternal age mothers with increased NT were significantly higher than those in the non-advanced age group(18.4％and 14.2％,respectively,both P＜0.05).However,the difference of CNV abnormality rates between the two groups was not statistically sig-nificant(P=0.62).Conclusion The detection rate of fetal chromosomal abnormalities elevated with increased NT thickness.Ad-vanced maternal age and the presence of other ultrasound abnormalities were the high-risk factors for fetal chromosomal abnormalities.The risks of CNV abnormalities may not be significantly correlated with NT thickness or maternal age but associated with the presence of other ultrasound abnormalities.

AIM:This study explores whether curcumin(Cur)promotes mitophagy to attenuate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)in mice,as well as the possible molecular mechanisms involved.METHODS:A high-fat and high-cholesterol diet was used to replicate the NASH mouse model.Thirty-two male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control(NC)group,high-fat and high-cholesterol model(M)group,M+low-dose Cur(Cur-L)group,and M+high-dose Cur(Cur-H)group,with 8 mice in each group.The weight of 8 mice in each group was recorded weekly.After feeding for 18 weeks,the serum and liver of mice were collected.Serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and tumor necrosis factors-α(TNF-α)were measured.Liver index was calculated,and steatosis,inflammation,and fibrosis of the liver were observed by HE and Masson staining.Western blot analysis was performed to detect the protein expression of mi-tophagy-related protein,TNF-α and α-SMA in the liver.(2)HepG2 cells were treated with oleic acid and cholesterol to replicate the hepatocyte injury model,which was divided into NC group,Cur group,M group,and M+Cur group.Small interfering RNA for PTEN-induced kinase 1(PINK1)knockdown was used to explore the relationship between PINK1-me-diated mitophagy and NASH.Compound C(CC)was used to inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)to explore the effect of the AMPK/silent information regulator 1(Sirt1)pathway on mitophagy.The lipid droplets of HepG2 cells were ob-served by oil red O staining,and the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,and AST in cell suspension were detected.RE-SULTS:(1)Compared with M group,treatment with Cur significantly reduced the body weight,liver coefficient,and se-rum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,AST,and TNF-α in NASH mice,while the steatosis and fibrosis in the liver were improved(P<0.05).(2)Different concentrations of Cur could increase or decrease the expression of mitophagy-related proteins in HepG2 cells in a concentration gradient.Compared with the M group,Cur reduced lipid droplets and de-creased TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,and AST levels(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the NC group,the expression levels of mi-tophagy-related proteins in the liver of mice in the M group decreased,and the expression levels of TNF-α and α-SMA pro-teins increased.Different concentrations of Cur intervention promoted the increase of mitophagy-related proteins and the decrease of TNF-α and α-SMA proteins(P<0.05).(4)After Cur intervention,the expression levels of mitophagy-related proteins increased and the expression levels of in TNF-α and α-SMA levels decreased in HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid and cholesterol(P<0.05).(5)Compared with M group,oleic-acidand cholesterol-induced mitophagy function in HepG2 cells was decreased after PINK1 knockdown(P<0.05).After CC inhibited AMPK,Cur increased the expression of p-AMPK(P<0.01),Sirt1(P<0.01),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α(P>0.05),PINK1(P<0.01)and parkin(P<0.01)proteins to some extent.CONCLUSION:Treatment with Cur attenuates liver injury in NASH mice and reduces lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid and cholesterol,and the mechanism may be related to promotion of mitophagy,which may involve the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the validity of an enhanced nutrition management model for all pregnant women in reducing the incidence of macrosomia.Methods:This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Beijing Birth Cohort database established by Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. A total of 73 193 pregnant women who underwent regular prenatal examinations and delivered at the hospital between January 2018 and December 2023 were consecutively included. From 2018 to 2020, all participants received nutrition education, and high-risk pregnancies predisposed to macrosomia were referred to nutrition clinics for further follow-up. From 2021 to 2023, obstetricians participated in nutritional assessments and gestational weight gain guidance, with repeated nutrition evaluations and education provided during early, mid, and late pregnancy. A multidisciplinary team (obstetrics and nutrition departments) collaborated to implement an enhanced nutrition management model for all pregnant women. General data, parity, gestational age at delivery, neonatal birth weight, and clinical information were collected. Annual incidences of macrosomia and low birth weight were calculated. Chi-square tests and variance analysis were used to analyzed yearly changes in macrosomia rates and evaluate the impact of the two-phase management strategies on macrosomia incidence, thereby to explore the validity of an enhanced nutrition management model for all pregnant women in reducing the incidence of macrosomia.Results:The number of deliveries included annually from 2018 to 2023 was 14 578, 15 413, 11 496, 11 146, 10 396, and 10 164, respectively. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass indices in 2022 to 2023 were higher than those in 2018 to 2021 [(22.26±3.50) and (22.23±3.65) vs (21.87±3.27), (21.82±3.31), (21.86±3.34) and (21.94±3.39) kg/m2, respectively (all P<0.05)]. Neonatal birth weights in 2021 to 2022 were lower than those in 2018 to 2020 [(3 271±514) and (3 270±513) vs (3 323±504), (3 314±500), and (3 315±510) g], and the birth weight in 2023 was further reduced compared to that in 2018 to 2022 [(3 236±506) vs (3 323±504), (3 314±500), (3 315±510), (3 271±514) and (3 270±513) g] (all P<0.05). The incidence of macrosomia in 2021 to 2022 was lower than those in 2018 to 2020 (5.55%, 5.75% vs 6.97%, 6.68%, 6.67%), and the incidence in 2023 further decreased compared to those in 2018 to 2022 (4.16% vs 6.97%, 6.68%, 6.67%, 5.55%, 5.75%) (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The enhanced nutrition management model for all pregnant women effectively reduces the incidence of macrosomia, demonstrating significant clinical value for widespread implementation.

AIM:This study explores whether curcumin(Cur)promotes mitophagy to attenuate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)in mice,as well as the possible molecular mechanisms involved.METHODS:A high-fat and high-cholesterol diet was used to replicate the NASH mouse model.Thirty-two male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control(NC)group,high-fat and high-cholesterol model(M)group,M+low-dose Cur(Cur-L)group,and M+high-dose Cur(Cur-H)group,with 8 mice in each group.The weight of 8 mice in each group was recorded weekly.After feeding for 18 weeks,the serum and liver of mice were collected.Serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and tumor necrosis factors-α(TNF-α)were measured.Liver index was calculated,and steatosis,inflammation,and fibrosis of the liver were observed by HE and Masson staining.Western blot analysis was performed to detect the protein expression of mi-tophagy-related protein,TNF-α and α-SMA in the liver.(2)HepG2 cells were treated with oleic acid and cholesterol to replicate the hepatocyte injury model,which was divided into NC group,Cur group,M group,and M+Cur group.Small interfering RNA for PTEN-induced kinase 1(PINK1)knockdown was used to explore the relationship between PINK1-me-diated mitophagy and NASH.Compound C(CC)was used to inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)to explore the effect of the AMPK/silent information regulator 1(Sirt1)pathway on mitophagy.The lipid droplets of HepG2 cells were ob-served by oil red O staining,and the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,and AST in cell suspension were detected.RE-SULTS:(1)Compared with M group,treatment with Cur significantly reduced the body weight,liver coefficient,and se-rum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,AST,and TNF-α in NASH mice,while the steatosis and fibrosis in the liver were improved(P<0.05).(2)Different concentrations of Cur could increase or decrease the expression of mitophagy-related proteins in HepG2 cells in a concentration gradient.Compared with the M group,Cur reduced lipid droplets and de-creased TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,and AST levels(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the NC group,the expression levels of mi-tophagy-related proteins in the liver of mice in the M group decreased,and the expression levels of TNF-α and α-SMA pro-teins increased.Different concentrations of Cur intervention promoted the increase of mitophagy-related proteins and the decrease of TNF-α and α-SMA proteins(P<0.05).(4)After Cur intervention,the expression levels of mitophagy-related proteins increased and the expression levels of in TNF-α and α-SMA levels decreased in HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid and cholesterol(P<0.05).(5)Compared with M group,oleic-acidand cholesterol-induced mitophagy function in HepG2 cells was decreased after PINK1 knockdown(P<0.05).After CC inhibited AMPK,Cur increased the expression of p-AMPK(P<0.01),Sirt1(P<0.01),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α(P>0.05),PINK1(P<0.01)and parkin(P<0.01)proteins to some extent.CONCLUSION:Treatment with Cur attenuates liver injury in NASH mice and reduces lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid and cholesterol,and the mechanism may be related to promotion of mitophagy,which may involve the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the karyotypes and the correlation of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetuses with increased nu-chal translucency(NT),so as to provide a basis for prenatal genetic counseling.Methods The clinical data of 386 singleton pregnant women with NT≥2.5mm who underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The fetuses were grouped according to NT thickness(2.5-3.4,3.5-3.9,4.0-4.9,5.0-5.9,and ≥6.0 mm),fetal ultrasound abnormalities(isolated increased NT,non-isolated increased NT),and maternal age(advanced age ≥35 years,non-advanced age＜35 years).The chi-square test was used to compare the differences of the incidence of fetal chromosomal abnormalities among various groups.Results Among the 386 fetuses with increased NT,chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 87 cases with an overall detection rate of 22.5％(87/386),including chromosomal numerical abnormalities accounted for 82.8％(72/87)and copy number variations(CNVs)accounted for 17.2％(15/87).The detection rates of chromosomal abnormal-ities and numerical abnormalities increased with NT thickness(P＜0.05),while no statistically significant difference of CNV abnormali-ty rates was found(P=0.41).The detection rates of chromosomal abnormalities(36.5％)and CNV abnormalities(14.1％)in the non-isolated increased NT group were significantly higher than those in the isolated increased NT group(18.6％and 1.0％,respective-ly,both P＜0.05).The detection rates of chromosomal abnormalities(34.7％)and numerical abnormalities(31.6％)in the fetuses of advanced maternal age mothers with increased NT were significantly higher than those in the non-advanced age group(18.4％and 14.2％,respectively,both P＜0.05).However,the difference of CNV abnormality rates between the two groups was not statistically sig-nificant(P=0.62).Conclusion The detection rate of fetal chromosomal abnormalities elevated with increased NT thickness.Ad-vanced maternal age and the presence of other ultrasound abnormalities were the high-risk factors for fetal chromosomal abnormalities.The risks of CNV abnormalities may not be significantly correlated with NT thickness or maternal age but associated with the presence of other ultrasound abnormalities.