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H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.

Objective:To summarize the clinical features of chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) in children.Methods:Clinical data of 8 CNO patients admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from March 2014 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical characteristics of 8 children with CNO were summarized and compared with those reported abroad.Results:A total of 8 CNO patients were recruited, involving 3 males and 5 females with the mean age of onset (7.2±3.2)years, and the average diagnosis time 25.9 months, respectively.The common clinical symptoms included bone pain (7 cases, 87.5%), arthritis (4 cases, 50.0%), and fever (3 cases, 37.5%). The main manifestations on X-ray and CT scans were bone destruction and progressive osteosclerosis.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bone marrow edema, periostitis, soft tissue swelling, and enhancement.All of them had more than one site of bone involvement.Seven patients(87.5%) had bilateral bone involvement, with the most common site of tibia (22.0%), followed by femur (17.1%) and mandible (9.8%). Bone biopsy was performed in 8 patients, and 4 cases showed osteonecrosis, 4 cases showed bone fibrosis and 2 cases showed osteomyelitis.The etiological examination of the bone was negative.Eight children received non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs alone or in combination with glucocorticoids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), bisphosphonates or tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) antagonists.After treatment, the patients were followed up for 3 months to 2 years.Eight children improved.Their inflammatory indexes were normal, and had no disability, teratology or multiple organ damage.Conclusions:Pediatric CNO is more common in children of school age, with a long course of disease.The main manifestations are multi-site bone pain and arthritis.Imaging studies indicate multiple bone involvement, which is more common at lower extremities.Non-steroids anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, DMARDs, bisphosphonates and TNF-α antagonists are effective to CNO.

Antipyretic-analgesics are currently one of the most prescribed drugs in children.The clinical application of antipyretic-analgesics for children in our country still have irrational phenomenon, which affects the therapeutic effect and even poses hidden dangers to the safety of children.In this paper, suggestions were put forward from the indications, dosage form/route, dosage suitability, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual differences and drug interactions in the symptomatic treatment of febrile children, so as to provide reference for the general pharmacists when conducting prescription review.

Treatment of adult femoral neck fracture is still a great challenge faced by trauma orthopedists. As treatment effects can be infleunced by multiple factors, like age, gender and preoperative physical condition, they may vary with different treatment schemes. Classification of femoral neck fractures plays an important guiding role in choosing a proper treatment scheme and judging the prognosis. The current classic clinical classification systems for femoral neck fractures include Garden, AO/OTA and Pauwels classifications. Since the recent progress in science and technology has put more advanced technologies into clinic application, such as CT, MRI and Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), new ways of classification have appeared. However, each classification has its own shortcomings which need to be improved. This paper reviews the research progress in classification of adult femoral neck fractures and their treatment principles.

Objective To collect the serum samples of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to investigate the changes in serum metabolic biomarkers before and after lifestyle intervention. Methods A total of 23 patients who were diagnosed with NAFLD in Department of Gastroenterology and Inpatient Department, Putuo District Central Hospital of Shanghai, from January 2019 to January 2020 were enrolled, and all patients received the intervention with aerobic exercise and equicaloric low-carbohydrate high-protein diet. A total of 13 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in Physical Examination Center were enrolled as control group. For the patients with NAFLD, basic information was collected before and after intervention, blood samples were collected twice to measure liver function, blood glucose, and blood lipids, and part of serum was used for serum metabolomics analysis. The serum samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry. The data collected were processed in Compound Discover, and then principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to establish the profile of differentially expressed blood metabolites between patients and healthy people and perform the enrichment analysis of differentially expressed metabolic pathways. The independent samples t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups. Results After lifestyle intervention, the patients had significant reductions in body mass index ( P < 0.01), body weight ( P < 0.01), and serum biochemical parameters alkaline phosphatase, albumin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alanine aminotransferase (all P < 0.05), as well as a significant reduction in total protein ( P < 0.01), while there were no significant improvements in cholinesterase, aspartate aminotransferase, and glucose. As for the four items for blood lipids, there was a significant reduction in triglyceride ( P < 0.01), while there were no significant improvements in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol. The metabolomics analysis showed that 33 serum metabolites changed significantly after lifestyle intervention. In addition, PCA results showed that after intervention, the level of metabolites in patients tended to be normal. The signaling pathway analysis showed that exercise and diet mainly affected the pathways of bile acid, unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism. Conclusion Lifestyle intervention can achieve varying degrees of reduction in the body weight of patients with NAFLD, improve serum biochemical parameters, and regulate the abnormal metabolic pathway in patients with NAFLD, which has important clinical value and significance for guiding clinicians to formulate reasonable diet and exercise strategies for patients with NAFLD and prevent the progression of NAFLD.

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of motivational interviews based on timing theory on self-efficacy, negative affect and coping styles of parents with infantile spasms children.Methods:Cluster sampling was used to select 82 parents of infantile spasms hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of a children’s hospital, a three-A hospital from January 2019 to October 2019. They were divided into control group and observation group with 41 cases each according to random number table. The control group received routine health education, and the observation group received five motivational interviews based on timing theory interventions on the basis of routine care. The effect of the intervention was evaluated by General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Chinese version of Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) before intervention, on the day of discharge, and 3 months after discharge.Results:Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the scores of GSES, HADS and CHIP scales between the parents of the two groups ( P>0.05). After intervention, The GSES scores of the observation group on the day of discharge and 3 months after discharge were (19.63±0.87) and (22.58±1.28) points, which were significantly higher than (18.92±0.74) and (19.46±1.25) points of the control group. The difference between both groups was statistically significant ( t values were -3.865, -10.926, P<0.01). HADS-A/HADS-D scores of the observation group on the day of discharge and 3 months after discharge were (12.50±0.82), (10.50±0.87) and (9.78±0.80), (8.63±0.87) points, respectively. The HADS-A/HADS-D scores of the control group on the day of discharge and 3 months after discharge were (12.92±0.74), (11.72±0.99) and (10.23±0.78), (9.38±1.04) points, respectively. The difference was statistically significant ( t values were 2.412-5.764, P<0.05 or 0.01). The observation group scores on CHIP subscales on the day of discharge and 3 months after discharge are higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (t values were -7.93--2.490, P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions:Motivational interviews based on timing theory can enhance parents’ self-efficacy, improve their negative emotions and family coping styles, and thereby promote the recovery of children.

Femoral neck fracture in children is usually caused by high-energy trauma. This relatively rare injury characterized by skeletal immaturity is different from that in adult patients in proximal femoral anatomy and blood supply. Currently, a variety of fixation methods have been used for paediatric femoral neck fractures but their overall goal is anatomical reduction and stable fixation. Femoral neck fractures in children are usually associated with a high incidence of complications (e.g. femoral head necrosis, premature epiphyseal closure, coxa vara and nonunion) even after appropriate treatment. This review addresses the anatomic characteristics, treatment strategies and complications in the treatment of paediatric femoral neck fractures.

Objective:To explore the effect of the care and nursing practice plan based on the timing theory in primary caregivers of infants with infantile spasms.Methods:From July 2019 to June 2020, 80 infants with infantile spasm and 80 primary caregivers in the Department of Neurology of Hunan Children's Hospital were selected as the research object. All infants with infantile spasms were numbered according to the time of admission. The odd-numbered infants were admitted to the First Department of Neurology as the observation group, and the even-numbered children were admitted to the Second Department of Neurology as the control group, with 40 infants and 40 primary caregivers in each group. The control group carried out conventional treatment and nursing, and the observation group implemented a care and nursing practice plan based on the timing theory on the basis of the control group. Before and after the intervention, the Caring Ability Inventory (CAI) , Family Caregiver Task Inventory (FCTI) , Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) , and Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) were used to evaluate the caring ability, caregiving ability, care load of the primary caregivers of the two groups of infants, and the cognition function of the two groups of infants.Results:After the intervention, the total CAI scores of the primary caregivers in the observation group were higher than those before intervention and those in the control group after the intervention, and the total scores of FCTI and CBI were lower than those before intervention and those in the control group after the intervention, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . After the intervention, the developmental quotient (DQ) values of the five energy areas of GDS in the observation group were higher than those before the intervention, and the DQ values of the three energy areas of gross motor, fine motor, and language were higher than those of the control group after the intervention, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The care and nursing practice plan based on the timing theory can improve the caring ability and caregiving ability of the main caregivers of children with infantile spasms, reduce the care load, and improve the cognitive function of the children.

Objective: Understanding mental health status of students with learning disabilities in Beijing to provide a basis for mental health promotion of students with learning disabilities. Methods: By means of random cluster sampling, 5 787 enrolled students in grade one and grade two of 11 public junior middle schools in Beijing were selected as the survey subjects. A self designed questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ learning disabilities and mental health status through anonymous self filling. Results: About 11.6% students self reported learning disabilities. The proportions of students with learning difficulty in mathematical reasoning and calculation were higher, 44.1% and 40.7% respectively. The reported rate of mental health problems was 38.3%. The top four of the 10 symptoms were obsessive compulsive symptoms, learning pressure, emotional instability and anxiety(2.19±0.77)(2.17±0.99)(2.09±0.90)(2.07±1.08). Compared with students without learning disabilities, students with self reported learning disabilities had poorer mental health status(OR=1.47), and learning disabilities were related to most factors of mental health. Different types of learning disabilities were associated with different mental health factors. Conclusion Mental health problems of students with learning disabilities are higher than that of students without learning disabilities. It is necessary to strengthen the mental health support for students with learning disabilities and improve their mental health.