Objective:To describe the distribution characteristics of alcohol consumption in adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), and further explore the influence of genetic factors on alcohol consumption in adult twins.Methods:The subjects of the study were twins registered by CNTR in 11 project areas across China from 2010 to 2018. A total of 56 966 twins (28 483 pairs) aged 18 years and above who answered questions about drinking behavior were included, and the random effect model was used to describe the population and regional distribution characteristics of alcohol consumption. Intra-pair analysis was performed to calculate the concordance rate and heritability of their alcohol consumption.Results:The age of all subjects was (36.6±12.0) years, and current drinkers accounted for 16.6% (9 461/56 966) of all subjects. In men, those aged 50-59 years, those in northern China, those living in rural area, those with low education level and those with high BMI, the proportions of current drinkers were higher. After excluding 468 pairs of twins who had stopped alcohol use and 21 764 pairs of twins who had no drink or had small amount drink, an intra-pair analysis was conducted in 4 929 pairs of same-sex twins, and found that the concordance rate of alcohol consumption was 64.0% (2 059/3 215) in monozygotic twins, and 52.6% (902/1 714) in dizygotic twins, the difference was significant ( P<0.001), and the heritability of alcohol consumption was 24.1% (95% CI: 18.9%- 29.3%). The further stratified analysis found that in southern men, the heritability was highest in those aged 40-49 years (36.1%, 95% CI: 21.6%-50.7%), while in northern men, the heritability was highest in those aged 50-59 years (34.2%, 95% CI: 18.1%-50.3%). Conclusions:In adult twins in China, there were population and regional differences in the distribution of alcohol consumption behavior, and alcohol consumption was influenced by genetic factors, and gender, age and region had potential modifying effects.

Objective To explore the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of transesophageal endoscopic surgery for mediastinal tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 17 patients who underwent transesophageal endoscopic resection for benign mediastinal tumors at the Endoscopy Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2024. Epidemiological characteristics, surgical parameters, adverse events, and follow-up outcomes were analyzed. Results Among the 17 patients, there were 9 males and 8 females, with an average age of (42.4±14.5) years and an average tumor size of (2.6±1.6) cm. Pathological types included esophageal duplication cysts (6 cases, 35.3%), bronchogenic cysts (5 cases, 29.4%), gastroenteric cysts (3 cases, 17.6%), schwannomas (2 cases, 11.8%), and lymphangioma (1 case, 5.9%). Fourteen patients (82.4%) underwent submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER), 3 patients (17.6%) underwent natural orifice transluminal endoscopic mediastinal surgery. All surgeries were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery. En bloc resection was achieved in 11 patients (64.7%), with an average operative time of (60.9±32.6) min. No intraoperative bleeding or mucosal injury occurred, and 4 patients (23.5%) experienced minor complications (pneumothorax, fever, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury), all of which resolved with conservative treatment. The average postoperative hospital stay was (3.2±1.5) days, and no recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. Conclusions Transesophageal endoscopic resection of benign mediastinal tumors is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment method. Further validation of its efficacy and safety through large-scale prospective studies is warranted.

Objective To observe the surgical outcomes and complications of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy(TELD)and interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy(IELD)in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation(LDH)with prolapse type at the L4/5 segment using full-endoscopic spine surgery.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 75 patients with L4/5 segmental prolapse type LDH who underwent spinal endoscopic surgery from November 2020 to November 2022.Among them,53 patients underwent TELD(TELD group)and 22 patients underwent IELD(IELD group).The surgical outcomes and postoperative therapeutic effect of the two groups were compared.Results Compared with the TELD group,the IELD group had significantly shorter operation time and fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy times,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);There were no statistically significant in the length of hospital stay and the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).All patients were followed up for 12 to 19 months after surgery.The visual analogue scale(VAS)score and Oswestry disability index(ODI)at the last follow-up in both groups were significantly lower than those before surgery,and the IELD group was significantly lower than the TELD group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Further analysis based on the location of the herniation and nerve roots revealed that,compared with preoperative values,the VAS scores and ODI at the last follow-up were significantly reduced in both groups of patients with shoulder-upper type herniation(10 cases in the TELD group and 6 cases in the IELD group),and the VAS score in the IELD group at the last follow-up was significantly lower than that in the TELD group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Similarly,both groups of patients with axillary type herniation(8 cases in the TELD group and 16 cases in the IELD group)exhibited significantly reduced VAS score and ODI at the last follow-up than those before operation,with significantly lower in the IELD group compared to the TELD group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Among the 35 patients with anterior-shoulder type herniation who underwent TELD,the VAS score and ODI at the last follow-up were also significantly lower than those before surgery,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Further analysis based on the Lee classification of herniations revealed that,compared with preoperative values,the VAS score and ODI at the last follow-up were significantly reduced in both groups of patients with herniations in Lee zone Ⅲ(44 cases in the TELD group and 10 cases in the IELD group),and the ODI in the IELD group was significantly lower than that in the TELD group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Similarly,both groups of patients with LDH in Lee zone Ⅳ(9 cases in the TELD group and 12 cases in the IELD group)exhibited significantly reduced VAS score and ODI at the last follow-up,with significantly lower in the IELD group compared to the TELD group(P<0.05).Conclusion Both TELD and IELD can achieve satisfactory decompression effects in the treatment of LDH with prolapse type at the L4/5 segment.However,IELD offers a relatively shorter operative time,requires fewer X-ray fluoroscopies,and demonstrates superior decompression effects for shoulder-type,axillary-type,Lee Ⅲ and Lee Ⅳ.

Objective To observe the surgical outcomes and complications of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy(TELD)and interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy(IELD)in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation(LDH)with prolapse type at the L4/5 segment using full-endoscopic spine surgery.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 75 patients with L4/5 segmental prolapse type LDH who underwent spinal endoscopic surgery from November 2020 to November 2022.Among them,53 patients underwent TELD(TELD group)and 22 patients underwent IELD(IELD group).The surgical outcomes and postoperative therapeutic effect of the two groups were compared.Results Compared with the TELD group,the IELD group had significantly shorter operation time and fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy times,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);There were no statistically significant in the length of hospital stay and the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).All patients were followed up for 12 to 19 months after surgery.The visual analogue scale(VAS)score and Oswestry disability index(ODI)at the last follow-up in both groups were significantly lower than those before surgery,and the IELD group was significantly lower than the TELD group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Further analysis based on the location of the herniation and nerve roots revealed that,compared with preoperative values,the VAS scores and ODI at the last follow-up were significantly reduced in both groups of patients with shoulder-upper type herniation(10 cases in the TELD group and 6 cases in the IELD group),and the VAS score in the IELD group at the last follow-up was significantly lower than that in the TELD group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Similarly,both groups of patients with axillary type herniation(8 cases in the TELD group and 16 cases in the IELD group)exhibited significantly reduced VAS score and ODI at the last follow-up than those before operation,with significantly lower in the IELD group compared to the TELD group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Among the 35 patients with anterior-shoulder type herniation who underwent TELD,the VAS score and ODI at the last follow-up were also significantly lower than those before surgery,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Further analysis based on the Lee classification of herniations revealed that,compared with preoperative values,the VAS score and ODI at the last follow-up were significantly reduced in both groups of patients with herniations in Lee zone Ⅲ(44 cases in the TELD group and 10 cases in the IELD group),and the ODI in the IELD group was significantly lower than that in the TELD group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Similarly,both groups of patients with LDH in Lee zone Ⅳ(9 cases in the TELD group and 12 cases in the IELD group)exhibited significantly reduced VAS score and ODI at the last follow-up,with significantly lower in the IELD group compared to the TELD group(P<0.05).Conclusion Both TELD and IELD can achieve satisfactory decompression effects in the treatment of LDH with prolapse type at the L4/5 segment.However,IELD offers a relatively shorter operative time,requires fewer X-ray fluoroscopies,and demonstrates superior decompression effects for shoulder-type,axillary-type,Lee Ⅲ and Lee Ⅳ.

Objective:To describe the distribution characteristics of alcohol consumption in adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), and further explore the influence of genetic factors on alcohol consumption in adult twins.Methods:The subjects of the study were twins registered by CNTR in 11 project areas across China from 2010 to 2018. A total of 56 966 twins (28 483 pairs) aged 18 years and above who answered questions about drinking behavior were included, and the random effect model was used to describe the population and regional distribution characteristics of alcohol consumption. Intra-pair analysis was performed to calculate the concordance rate and heritability of their alcohol consumption.Results:The age of all subjects was (36.6±12.0) years, and current drinkers accounted for 16.6% (9 461/56 966) of all subjects. In men, those aged 50-59 years, those in northern China, those living in rural area, those with low education level and those with high BMI, the proportions of current drinkers were higher. After excluding 468 pairs of twins who had stopped alcohol use and 21 764 pairs of twins who had no drink or had small amount drink, an intra-pair analysis was conducted in 4 929 pairs of same-sex twins, and found that the concordance rate of alcohol consumption was 64.0% (2 059/3 215) in monozygotic twins, and 52.6% (902/1 714) in dizygotic twins, the difference was significant ( P<0.001), and the heritability of alcohol consumption was 24.1% (95% CI: 18.9%- 29.3%). The further stratified analysis found that in southern men, the heritability was highest in those aged 40-49 years (36.1%, 95% CI: 21.6%-50.7%), while in northern men, the heritability was highest in those aged 50-59 years (34.2%, 95% CI: 18.1%-50.3%). Conclusions:In adult twins in China, there were population and regional differences in the distribution of alcohol consumption behavior, and alcohol consumption was influenced by genetic factors, and gender, age and region had potential modifying effects.

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is extensively utilized for clinical disease prevention and treatment.However,due to the intricate nature of its material basis and the multiple factors involved in the preparation process,ensuring comprehensive quality control of TCM proves to be challenging.By instilling a clear understanding of its effective and harmful substances and implementing control over the content and limit of TCM during the preparation process,the controllability and repeatability of its quality can be guaranteed.Currently,China is facing a dearth of innovative technology for drug development,necessitating an increase in research and development efficiency,especially in the realm of high-throughput precision analytical equipment.The country has long relied on imported pharmaceutical analysis equipment with a particular efficiency in high-end intelligent analysis equipment.This is especially concerning considering the urgent requirement to establish a"pharmaceutical intelligent analysis system."This project,supported by the Major Instrument Development Project of the National Science and Technology Funds,employs cell membrane chromatography technology,complemented by biotechnology and artificial intelligence technology,to devise a two-dimensional cell membrane chromatography(2D/CMC)analyzer.The project has successfully conducted a demonstration application of the"2D/CMC-Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacodynamic Substance Analyzer"and the"2D/CMC-Traditional Chinese Medicine Injection Allergen Analyzer".These tools have enhanced the screening and discovery efficiency of TCM's effective substances and allergen components.Moreover,the equipment amalgamates qualitative and quantitative analysis,thereby serving as an effective analytical tool to enhance the quality and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objectives:To investigate the potential classification of quality of life in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (HIV-infected MSM) and to analyze possible influencing factors of different categories.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among HIV-infected MSM who received antiretroviral treatment (ART) in an infectious disease hospital in Ji'nan, Shandong Province from October to December 2020. The quality of life scores in six domains were analyzed by latent profile analysis (LPA), and possible related factors of potential classification were explored by ordinal logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 584 HIV-infected MSM were included in this study. LPA divided their quality of life into three categories, named low score, medium score and high score groups, accounting for 34.4% (201/584), 49.8% (291/584), and 15.8% (92/584), respectively. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that age above 40 years (a OR=1.77, 95% CI:1.11-2.80), monthly average income of 3 000 Yuan and below (a OR=3.15, 95% CI:1.72-5.76), monthly average income of 3 001-5 000 Yuan (a OR=2.26, 95% CI:1.41-3.62), distance to the hospital to receive drugs farer than 40 kms (a OR=1.76, 95% CI:1.07-2.89), and adverse reactions after taking drugs (a OR=2.31, 95% CI:1.65-3.23) were factors associated with low level of quality of life. Conclusions:The qualities of life of HIV-infected MSM showed group heterogeneity and were at high levels. Attention should be focused on HIV-infected MSM who are at older age, with low income, and long distance to access the health facilities. The measures should be taken to reduce the adverse reactions of ART drugs and improve the quality of life.

Objective:To evaluate a novel distraction reductor in the surgical treatment of unstable distal radius fractures with metaphyseal volar comminution.Methods:From January 2019 to December 2020, 27 patients with unstable distal radius fracture complicated with metaphyseal volar comminution were treated at Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences. They were 6 males and 21 females, with an age of (69.4±9.4) years. All fractures were unilateral and closed, involving the right side in 17 cases and the left side in 10 cases. All patients were treated by internal fixation with an anatomical locking plate through the volar approach and the novel distraction reductor was used to reduce the fracture ends. Regular imaging examinations were performed to evaluate the reduction, maintenance and union of fractures after surgery. One year after operation, the curative efficacy was assessed by evaluation of the range of wrist motion, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, Gartland-Werley score and Bartra radiology score.Results:All the operations went on successfully with a duration of (92.3±8.9) min. All the incisions healed primarily. The follow-up time was (15.9±2.9) months. The radial height, palmar tilt, ulnar inclination and articular surface step-off immediately after operation [(11.23±1.51) mm, 12.10°±3.44°, 20.54°±3.44°, and (0.95±0.42) mm] were not significantly lost compared with those one year after operation [(11.22±1.55) mm, 12.07°±3.44°, 20.51°±3.33°, and (0.93±0.40) mm] (all P>0.05). One year after operation, the range of wrist motion was good with dorsiflexion of 59.7°±5.5°, palm flexion of 63.0°±9.1°, pronation of 66.5°±5.5°, supination of 61.2°±5.6°, radial deviation of 22.7°±4.8°, and ulnar deviation of 30.3°±6.1°; DASH score was 13.5±5.5; Bartra radiology score was 88.6±6.5, giving an excellent and good rate of 88.9% (24/27);Gartland-Werley score was 2.7±2.1, giving an excellent and good rate of 92.6% (25/27). Follow-ups observed no poor fracture healing, internal fixation failure, tendon or nerve injury or traumatic arthritis. Conclusion:In the surgical treatment of unstable distal radius fractures with metaphyseal volar comminution, the novel distraction reductor can lead to ideal reduction of displaced fractures and effectively correct the shortening caused by volar cortex comminution to achieve satisfactory functional effects in clinic.

Objective:To assess the safety and effectiveness of amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex for injection in the context of empirical and diagnostic antifungal therapy for patients with hematological malignancies in addition to invasive fungal illness.Methods:This single-arm clinical study enrolled 30 patients who received empirical and diagnostic-driven antifungal therapy for hematological malignancies combined with invasive fungal disease. The primary endpoint was safety. Response rate, fever duration, and treatment completion rate were all considered secondary objectives.Results:30 participants were eventually enrolled in the study, and the treatment completion rate was 80.0% . Most adverse events were in grades 1-2. Infusion response was the most frequent adverse event (24/30, 80% ) . The overall response rate was 80.0% (24/30) . In 24 patients (80.0% ) , the fever persisted for 1 day.Conclusions:Treatment of invasive fungal illness in conjunction with hematological malignancies showed good efficacy and safety with amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex for injection.

Objective To identify the environmental factors affecting the distribution of suitable habitats of Ixodes ovatus, and to examine the effects of environmental changes on the distribution of suitable habitats of I. ovatus. Methods Data pertaining to the distribution of I. ovatus in China were captured by literature review. The distribution of suitable habitats of I. ovatus in China was simulated using the maximum entropy model with the environmental variable data and the I. ovatus distribution data. In addition, the potential distribution of suitable habitats of I. ovatus was predicted based on the 2050 and 2070 environmental data. Results The current suitable habitats of I. ovatus cover 3.11 million km², accounting for 32.28% of the total land area of China, and they are mainly concentrated in southwestern and northwestern China. Among the screened 16 environmental factors, the standard deviation of seasonal variation of temperature, average annual precipitation and altitude were predominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of suitable habitats of I. ovatus, and these three variables contributed 76.5% to the distribution of suitable habitats of I. ovatus in China. The suitable habitats of I. ovatus were predicted to showing a tendency towards expansion to northwestern and northeastern China in 2050 and 2070, and the proportion of highly suitable habitats of I. ovatus was predicted to increase. Conclusions Moderate climate, adequate precipitation and high altitude are favorable for the survival of I. ovatus. Future climate changes may cause expansion of suitable habitats of I. ovatus in China.