ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of action of Jiedu Huayu granules in improving liver injury in mice with acute liver failure （ALF） by observing its effect on a mouse model of ALF after prophylactic administration， and to provide a basis for clinical medication. MethodsA total of 60 specific pathogen-free male C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal group， model group， Jiedu Huayu granules group （JDHY group）， and farnesoid X receptor （FXR） agonist （GW4064） group using a random number table， with 15 mice in each group. The model of ALF was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine combined with lipopolysaccharide. The mice in the JDHY group were given prophylactic administration of 0.3 g/mL drug solution of Jiedu Huayu granules by gavage for 3 days before modeling， those in the normal group and the model group were given 0.9% NaCl solution by gavage， and those in the GW4064 group were given intraperitoneal injection of GW4064 for 3 consecutive days before modeling. The mice were sacrificed after modeling， and serum and liver tissue samples were collected. A veterinary automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure the serum levels of total bilirubin （TBil）， total bile acids （TBA）， gamma-glutamyl transferase （GGT）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in mice from each group； HE staining was used to observe liver pathological changes； RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of FXR， fibroblast growth factor 15 （FGF15）， fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 （FGFR4）， small heterodimer partner （SHP）， and bile salt export pump （BSEP） in mice， and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of FXR， FGF15， FGFR4， SHP， and BSEP. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between groups， and the Dunett method was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group had significant increases in the serum levels of TBil， ALT， AST， TBA， and GGT （all P<0.01）， and compared with the model group， the JDHY group and the GW4064 group had significant reductions in the serum levels of TBil， ALT， AST， TBA， and GGT （all P <0.01）. HE staining showed that compared with the model group， the JDHY group and the GW4064 group had milder pathological injury， a reduction in the area of hepatocyte necrosis， and alleviation of cellular swelling and edema. Compared with the normal group， the model group had significant reductions in the mRNA and protein expression levels of FXR， FGF15， FGFR4， SHP， and BSEP in liver tissue （all P <0.01）， and compared with the model group， the JDHY group and the GW4064 group had significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression levels of FXR， FGF15， FGFR4， SHP， and BSEP in liver tissue （all P <0.05）. ConclusionJiedu Huayu granules may alleviate liver injury in mice with ALF through the FXR/SHP axis.

Objective To investigate the effect of concentrated growth factor(CGF)on angiogenesis in human microvascular endothelial cells(HMEC-1)and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods HMEC-1 were divided into the control group,CGF group,and CGF+LY294002 group.Cell proliferation,migration,and tubule formation abilities were measured and compared using the Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),Transwell assay,and tube formation assay,respectively.The protein expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K),phospho-protein kinase B(Akt),phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt),mam-malian target of rapamycin(mTOR),and phosphorylated mTOR(p-mTOR)were detected and compared by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,the CGF group exhibited enhanced cell proliferation,migration,and tubule formation abilities(P＜0.05),along with increased expression levels of p-PI3K,p-Akt,and p-mTOR(P＜0.05).Compared with the CGF group,the CGF+LY294002 group demonstrated reduced cell proliferation,migration,and tubule formation abilities(P＜0.05),accompanied by decreased expression levels of p-PI3K,p-Akt,and p-mTOR(P＜0.05).Conclusion CGF promotes the proliferation,migration,and angiogenesis of HMEC-1 via the PI3K/mTOR/Akt pathway.

Objective To observe the value of MR intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)for analyzing placental microcirculation and microstructures in plateau area of late pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH)and normal middle and late pregnancy.Methods Totally 26 cases of PIH in late-trimester of pregnancy(group A)and 46 normal pregnant women(including 18 normal middle-trimester[group B]and 28 normal late-trimester[group C])in plateau area were retrospectively analyzed.The perfusion fraction(f),true diffusion coefficient(D)and pseudo-diffusion coefficient(D*)values of the entire placenta and the fetal side,maternal side and central region of placenta were obtained based on MR IVIM data,intra-and inter-group comparisons were conducted.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships of placental IVIM parameters and maternal age,gestational age,estimated fetal weight(EFW)and neonatal birth weight.Results Except for f value of placental maternal side was higher than of fetal side in group C(P＜0.05),no significant difference was found in pairwise comparisons of IVIM parameters between different placental regions within each group(all P＞0.05).f value of the entire placenta and its fetal side,as well as D value of the entire placenta and its maternal side in group A were all higher than those in group C(all adjusted P＜0.05).The f and D* values of the entire placenta,f,D and D*values of its maternal side,as well as f and D* values of the fetal side in group C were all higher than those in group B(all adjusted P＜0.05).In group C,f value of placental maternal side was negatively correlated with both gestational age and EFW(r=-0.441,-0.579,both P＜0.01).Conclusion MR IVIM could be used to non-invasively assess placental microcirculation and microstructures in plateau area of late PIH and normal middle and late pregnancy women.

With the acceleration of China's aging society，the incidence of ischemic stroke is increasing year by year，and carotid artery vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque is closely related to its development.Various imaging techniques have been used to assess the vulnerability of carotid plaques，but each technique has its own set of advantages and disadvantages in detecting vulnerability features.The purpose of this article is to summarize the clinical applications of imaging techniques for the assessment of carotid plaque vulnerability and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.

Notum, a negative feedback regulator of the Wnt signaling, has emerged as a promising target for treating glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). This study showcases an efficient strategy for discovering the anti-Notum constituents from herbal medicines (HMs) as novel anti-GIOP agents. Firstly, a rapid-responding near-infrared fluorogenic substrate for Notum was rationally engineered for high-throughput identifying the anti-Notum HMs. The results showed that Bu-Gu-Zhi (BGZ), a known anti-osteoporosis herb, potently inhibited Notum in a competitive-inhibition manner. To uncover the key anti-Notum constituents in BGZ, an efficient strategy was adapted via integrating biochemical, phytochemical, computational, and pharmacological assays. Among all identified BGZ constituents, three furanocoumarins were validated as strong Notum inhibitors, while 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MP) showed the most potent anti-Notum activity and favorable safety profiles. Mechanistically, 5-MP acted as a competitive inhibitor of Notum via creating strong hydrophobic interactions with Trp128 and Phe268 in the catalytic cavity of Notum. Cellular assays showed that 5-MP remarkably promoted osteoblast differentiation and activated Wnt signaling in dexamethasone (DXMS)-challenged MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. In dexamethasone-induced osteoporotic mice, 5-MP strongly elevated bone mineral density (BMD) and improved cancellous and cortical bone thickness. Collectively, this study constructs a high-efficient platform for discovering key anti-Notum constituents from HMs, while 5-MP emerges as a promising anti-GIOP agent.

The accuracy of medical imaging diagnosis will directly impact the clinical forensic evaluation's scientific validity and objectivity.This study systematically analyzed the primary causes of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in imaging examinations,focusing on representative cases,including rib fractures,traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage,joint injuries with ligament damage,nasal fractures,congenital skeletal variations,and epiphyseal injuries.Key contributing factors encompassed limitation of imaging technologies,the insufficient interpretive experience of examiners,the complexity of injury mechanisms,and inadequate post-traumatic dynamic imaging follow-up.To address these issues,improvement strategies are proposed,which were establishing standardized imaging review protocols,implementing multimodal imaging approaches,rigorous evaluation of original imaging data,and enhancing professional knowledge regarding anatomical variations and injury differentiation.These measures aim to elevate the quality of forensic imaging diagnosis,providing more precise and reliable strategies for forensic clinical identifications.

Objective To observe the value of MR intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)for analyzing placental microcirculation and microstructures in plateau area of late pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH)and normal middle and late pregnancy.Methods Totally 26 cases of PIH in late-trimester of pregnancy(group A)and 46 normal pregnant women(including 18 normal middle-trimester[group B]and 28 normal late-trimester[group C])in plateau area were retrospectively analyzed.The perfusion fraction(f),true diffusion coefficient(D)and pseudo-diffusion coefficient(D*)values of the entire placenta and the fetal side,maternal side and central region of placenta were obtained based on MR IVIM data,intra-and inter-group comparisons were conducted.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships of placental IVIM parameters and maternal age,gestational age,estimated fetal weight(EFW)and neonatal birth weight.Results Except for f value of placental maternal side was higher than of fetal side in group C(P＜0.05),no significant difference was found in pairwise comparisons of IVIM parameters between different placental regions within each group(all P＞0.05).f value of the entire placenta and its fetal side,as well as D value of the entire placenta and its maternal side in group A were all higher than those in group C(all adjusted P＜0.05).The f and D* values of the entire placenta,f,D and D*values of its maternal side,as well as f and D* values of the fetal side in group C were all higher than those in group B(all adjusted P＜0.05).In group C,f value of placental maternal side was negatively correlated with both gestational age and EFW(r=-0.441,-0.579,both P＜0.01).Conclusion MR IVIM could be used to non-invasively assess placental microcirculation and microstructures in plateau area of late PIH and normal middle and late pregnancy women.

The accuracy of medical imaging diagnosis will directly impact the clinical forensic evaluation's scientific validity and objectivity.This study systematically analyzed the primary causes of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in imaging examinations,focusing on representative cases,including rib fractures,traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage,joint injuries with ligament damage,nasal fractures,congenital skeletal variations,and epiphyseal injuries.Key contributing factors encompassed limitation of imaging technologies,the insufficient interpretive experience of examiners,the complexity of injury mechanisms,and inadequate post-traumatic dynamic imaging follow-up.To address these issues,improvement strategies are proposed,which were establishing standardized imaging review protocols,implementing multimodal imaging approaches,rigorous evaluation of original imaging data,and enhancing professional knowledge regarding anatomical variations and injury differentiation.These measures aim to elevate the quality of forensic imaging diagnosis,providing more precise and reliable strategies for forensic clinical identifications.

With the acceleration of China's aging society，the incidence of ischemic stroke is increasing year by year，and carotid artery vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque is closely related to its development.Various imaging techniques have been used to assess the vulnerability of carotid plaques，but each technique has its own set of advantages and disadvantages in detecting vulnerability features.The purpose of this article is to summarize the clinical applications of imaging techniques for the assessment of carotid plaque vulnerability and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.

ObjectiveTo establish a rapid and stable liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS） for simultaneous analysis of 17 chemical components in Gnaphalium affine aboveground parts with flowers， so as to provide experimental basis for improving the quality standard of this herb. MethodUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS） was used for the quantitative analysis of 17 constituents in 15 batches of G. affine from different origins， the separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC^® BEH C₁₈ column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm） with the mobile phase of methanol（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution（0-1.0 min， 8%A； 1.0-4.0 min， 8%-26%A； 4.0-9.0 min， 26%A； 9.0-14.0 min， 26%-34%A； 14.0-14.5 min， 34%-45%A； 14.5-15.0 min， 45%-60%A； 15.0-18.0 min， 60%-90%A； 18.0-19.0 min， 90%A； 19.0-19.01 min， 90%-8%A； 19.01-20.0 min， 8%A）， the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1， the column temperature was 40 ℃ and the injection volume was 2 μL. And the electrospray ionization was used with full scanning in both positive and negative ion modes， and the scanning range was m/z 100-1 000. ResultThe established method has been verified by the methodology and could be used for the simultaneous quantification of 17 components in G. affine. The content ranges of the 17 components（quinic acid， gallic acid， protocatechuic acid， neochlorogenic acid， chlorogenic acid， cryptochlorogenic acid， caffeic acid， 1，3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid， isochlorogenic acid A， isoquercitrin， 1，5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid， apigenin-7-O-glucoside， astragalin， isochlorogenic acid C， luteolin， apigenin and hispidulin） in 15 batches of G. affine samples was 39.60-179.12， 0.17-0.84， 2.41-8.38， 4.33-31.50， 13.63-180.38， 2.43-14.75， 1.16-19.68， 0.49-5.63， 55.77-445.16， 0.23-10.26， 62.04-530.10， 1.11-18.01， 11.36-90.61， 12.22-65.98， 7.22-69.84， 3.37-45.65， 0.30-2.59 μg·g^-1， respectively. The content of organic acids was higher than that of flavonoids in G. affine， and the contents of 1，5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid， isochlorogenic acid A， quinic acid and chlorogenic acid were higher. Meanwhile， the content of flavonoids in the samples from Guizhou was higher than that from Jiangsu， while the content of organic acids in the samples from Jiangsu was higher than that from Guizhou. ConclusionThe established method can be used for the rapid and accurate determination of 17 components in G. affine， which clarifies the content range of the main components in this herb， and can provide a reference for the selection of quality control markers of G. affine.