In recent years, more and more studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to female reproductive process. Autophagy is a widespread and highly conserved degradation system in eukaryotes that can be activated under conditions such as hypoxia, starvation, lack of nutrients, or extreme pH. In terms of reproductive health, autophagy can improve reproductive dysfunction by removing damaged organelles and regulating cell growth and metabolism. Appropriate regulation of autophagy helps to improve oocyte quality, delay ovarian aging, fine-regulate endometrial growth, and ensure successful implantation of embryos. However, the abnormality of autophagy pathway may cause problems such as activation of pelvic inflammatory cytokines, reduced endometrial receptivity, abnormal follicle development, and weakened invasion ability of trophoblast cells, thus leading to the occurrence and development of reproductive disorders such as endometriosis, chronic endometritis, polycystic ovary syndrome, early-onset ovarian insufficiency, and recurrent spontaneous abortion. This article reviews the mechanism and therapeutic targets of autophagy in female reproductive diseases, providing clinical ideas and diagnosis and treatment strategies for improving female reproductive health.

In recent years, more and more studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to female reproductive process. Autophagy is a widespread and highly conserved degradation system in eukaryotes that can be activated under conditions such as hypoxia, starvation, lack of nutrients, or extreme pH. In terms of reproductive health, autophagy can improve reproductive dysfunction by removing damaged organelles and regulating cell growth and metabolism. Appropriate regulation of autophagy helps to improve oocyte quality, delay ovarian aging, fine-regulate endometrial growth, and ensure successful implantation of embryos. However, the abnormality of autophagy pathway may cause problems such as activation of pelvic inflammatory cytokines, reduced endometrial receptivity, abnormal follicle development, and weakened invasion ability of trophoblast cells, thus leading to the occurrence and development of reproductive disorders such as endometriosis, chronic endometritis, polycystic ovary syndrome, early-onset ovarian insufficiency, and recurrent spontaneous abortion. This article reviews the mechanism and therapeutic targets of autophagy in female reproductive diseases, providing clinical ideas and diagnosis and treatment strategies for improving female reproductive health.

Objective To study the protective effect and related mechanism of pterostilbene(PTE)on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)in mice.Methods Twenty-four C57 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=6),including the sham operation group(S group),the renal ischemia reperfusion group(IR group),the renal ischemia reperfusion+5 mg/kg PTE group(IR+PTE1 group)and the renal ischemia reper-fusion+10 mg/kg PTE group(IR+PTE2 group).Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and TUNEL staining were used to evaluate renal tissue injury.Creatinine(Cr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),malondialdehyde(MDA)in renal tissue,inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6 levels in serum were detected with relevant kits.The expression of Bcl-2 interacting protein 3(BNIP3)and microtubule-asso-ciated protein light chain(LC)-3 Ⅱ in kidney tissue was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the S group,serum levels of Cr,BUN,MDA,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the IR group were increased,renal tu-bule injury score and apoptosis index were increased,and expressions of BNIP3 and LC-3 Ⅱ were down-regula-ted,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Compared with the IR group,serum levels of Cr,BUN,MDA,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the IR+PTE1 group were decreased,renal tubule injury score and apoptosis index were decreased,and expressions of BNIP3 and LC-3 Ⅱ were up-regulated,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Compared with the IR+PTE1 group,serum levels of Cr,BUN,MDA,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the IR+PTE2 group were decreased,renal tubule injury score and apoptosis index were decreased,and expres-sions of BNIP3 and LC-3 Ⅱ were up-regulated,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion PTE has protective effect on renal IRI in mice.

Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2) , is an novel effector secreted by the CD4+CD25+CD127lowTregs cells and plays an important role in immunoregulation.It is critical for the maintenance of the activity and function of Tregs.It can induce the apoptosis of B cells, suppress the maturation of dendritic cells and suppress the activation and proliferation of T cells through the FcγRⅡB receptor.This review concluded the recent progress of the genes, structure, immunoregulatory effects of sFGL2, and discussed the clinical implications of sFGL2in hepatitis, autoimmunity, transplantation, tumors and atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will reduce the cardiopulmonary function and increase perioperative risk. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of preoperative short-term high intensity lung rehabilitation training on lung function and postoperative complications in patients with COPD who are eligible for lung cancer surgery. METHODS: We analysis of 101 patients with COPD and a diagnosis of lung cancer, with 43 patients in pulmonary rehabilitation group and 58 patients in conventional group. The pulmonary function, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and length of stay (LOS) will be compared between the two groups, the lung function will be compared before and after the rehabilitation at the same time. RESULTS: There were no significant difference between the two groups in general information, lung function before surgery, postoperative pulmonary infection [8 (18.6%) vs 17 (29.3%)], atelectasis [1 (2.3%) vs 1 (1.7%)], respiratory failure [1 (2.3%) vs 2 (3.4%)] and postoperative LOS [(8.93±3.78) d vs (9.62±3.98) d, P>0.05]. In the rehabilitation group, the FEV1 [(2.06±0.45) L vs (2.15±0.45) L, P<0.001] and PEF [(4.32±0.90) L/s vs (5.15±1.05) L/s, P<0.001) were higher, and PCO2 [(42.42±2.79) mmHg vs (41.58±2.98) mmHg, P=0.009] was lower after rehabilitation, significantly. The increase value of FEV1 in moderate to severe COPD group was higher than that of the mild COPD group after the rehabilitation [(0.16±0.05) L, 8.6% vs (0.06±0.05) L, 2.8%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The short-term highly-intensity lung rehabilitation can improve lung function in lung cancer patients with COPD, and the improvement of pulmonary function in moderate to severe COPD patients is more obviously.
Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perioperative Period ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Safety