Objective To observe CT and MRI manifestations of polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young(PLNTY).Methods Totally 21 cases of PLNTY confirmed by pathology were retrospectively enrolled,and CT and MRI manifestations of the lesions were observed.Results Single supratentorial tumor was found in all 21 cases,including 13 cases of isolated brain parenchymal type,6 cases of diffuse brain parenchymal type and 2 cases of extra parenchymal type PLNTY.Diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)showed no diffusion limitation in all 21 cases,and a few cases with mild peritumoral edema.Among 13 cases of isolated brain parenchymal PLNTY,7 cases presented as calcified nodules,5 cases presented as cystic lesions and 1 case as solid nodule.After administration of contrast agents,no enhancement was found in 11 cases,while mild local enhancement was observed in 2 cases.Six cases of diffuse brain parenchymal PLNTY presented as diffuse thickening of the cortex in lesion area,with abnormal signals in the subcortical white matter in 4 cases.After administration of contrast agents,no enhancement was found in 4 cases,while mild local enhancement was noticed in 2 cases.Two cases of extra parenchymal PLNTY presented as solid mass with calcification,with equal density on CT and mild local enhancement on enhanced MRI.Conclusion CT and MRI manifestations of PLNTY had certain characteristics.

ObjectiveBased on modern analytical techniques and a depressed mouse model established by chronic unpredictable mild stress（CUMS）， to evaluate the quality marker（Q-Marker） and pharmacodynamic difference of Baihe Dihuangtang prepared by different processes. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to establish the characteristic profiles of Baihe Dihuangtang， and determine the content of Q-Marker in the samples prepared by ancient and modern processes. Seventy C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the normal group， model group， fluoxetine group（3 mg·kg^-1）， low and high dose groups of ancient process（6.5， 26 g·kg^-1）， and low and high dose groups of modern process（6.5， 26 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. Except for the normal group， CUMS was used to induce depression in mice from the other groups for 28 d. After successful modeling， administration groups were given the corresponding drugs by gavage every day， and the normal and model groups were given an equal volume of pure water by gavage for 21 consecutive days. Change in body mass of mice was recorded， tail suspension test and open field test were used to evaluate the depressive behavior of mice， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was employed to determine the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， interleukin（IL）-1β and IL-6 in serum. ResultsCharacteristic profiles of Baihe Dihuangtang prepared by the two processes were established， the similarity between the two was 0.951， and 8 characteristic peaks were recognized with the reference peak of regaloside A. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the Q-Marker content was similar in Baihe Dihuangtang prepared by ancient and modern processes. The results of pharmacodynamics showed that， compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased immobility time in the tail suspension test， reduced total movement distance in the open field test， and elevated IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the serum（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the behavioral indicators of mice in the Baihe Dihuangtang treatment group were significantly improved in terms of tail suspension time and open field exercise， and the levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were significantly reduced（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Baihe Dihuangtang prepared by the two processes both had antidepressant effects， and the difference between the two was not statistically significant in improving depressive symptoms. ConclusionQ-Marker of Baihe Dihuangtang prepared by modern and ancient methods are equivalent in content， and the pharmacological effects are consistent， indicating that dried Lilii Bulbus can replace fresh products in the preparation of Baihe Dihuangtang. This study provides a scientific basis for the development of new drugs of Baihe Dihuangtang and a reference for its rational application and clinical use.

ObjectiveBased on modern analytical techniques and a depressed mouse model established by chronic unpredictable mild stress（CUMS）， to evaluate the quality marker（Q-Marker） and pharmacodynamic difference of Baihe Dihuangtang prepared by different processes. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to establish the characteristic profiles of Baihe Dihuangtang， and determine the content of Q-Marker in the samples prepared by ancient and modern processes. Seventy C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the normal group， model group， fluoxetine group（3 mg·kg^-1）， low and high dose groups of ancient process（6.5， 26 g·kg^-1）， and low and high dose groups of modern process（6.5， 26 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. Except for the normal group， CUMS was used to induce depression in mice from the other groups for 28 d. After successful modeling， administration groups were given the corresponding drugs by gavage every day， and the normal and model groups were given an equal volume of pure water by gavage for 21 consecutive days. Change in body mass of mice was recorded， tail suspension test and open field test were used to evaluate the depressive behavior of mice， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was employed to determine the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， interleukin（IL）-1β and IL-6 in serum. ResultsCharacteristic profiles of Baihe Dihuangtang prepared by the two processes were established， the similarity between the two was 0.951， and 8 characteristic peaks were recognized with the reference peak of regaloside A. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the Q-Marker content was similar in Baihe Dihuangtang prepared by ancient and modern processes. The results of pharmacodynamics showed that， compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased immobility time in the tail suspension test， reduced total movement distance in the open field test， and elevated IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the serum（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the behavioral indicators of mice in the Baihe Dihuangtang treatment group were significantly improved in terms of tail suspension time and open field exercise， and the levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were significantly reduced（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Baihe Dihuangtang prepared by the two processes both had antidepressant effects， and the difference between the two was not statistically significant in improving depressive symptoms. ConclusionQ-Marker of Baihe Dihuangtang prepared by modern and ancient methods are equivalent in content， and the pharmacological effects are consistent， indicating that dried Lilii Bulbus can replace fresh products in the preparation of Baihe Dihuangtang. This study provides a scientific basis for the development of new drugs of Baihe Dihuangtang and a reference for its rational application and clinical use.

On the premise of respecting the objective law of the occurrence and development of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） dispensing granules， relevant national departments have gradually formed the research and formulation ideas of national drug standards for dispensing granules based on the experiences and lessons learned in the development process of quality standards， as well as the formation mechanism of national standards for dispensing granules. This has certain reference significance for the formulation path of TCM quality standards. Combined with the general situation of the published standards and specific cases， the research concepts of the national standards for dispensing granules were analyzed and summarized in this paper， and the analysis of the technical characteristics of the issued national standards was focused， including the introduction of standard decoction， the overall quality control of TCM， the whole process quality control and other research ideas. At the same time， it summarized the industry common problems in the research and development process of national standards for dispensing granules， such as the source and process control of medicinal materials， and strived to solve them together， encouraging the demonstration and application of new technological means in the field of TCM dispensing granules. Finally， based on the literature analysis， the shortcomings of the current national standards were discussed， and relevant suggestions were put forward to further improve the national standards for dispensing granules. Through the overall analysis， it is helpful to comprehensively understand the technical characteristics of the national standards for TCM dispensing granules， and provide reference for the scientific exploration and practice of quality control methods for TCM.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic intestinal inflammatory condition with chronic and relapsing manifestations and is characterized by a disturbance in the interplay between the intestinal microbiota, the gut, and the brain. The microbiota-gut-brain axis involves interactions among the nervous system, the neuroendocrine system, the gut microbiota, and the host immune system. Increasing published data indicate that psychological stress exacerbates the severity of IBD due to its negative effects on the microbiota-gut-brain axis, including alterations in the stress response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the balance between the sympathetic nervous system and vagus nerves, the homeostasis of the intestinal flora and metabolites, and normal intestinal immunity and permeability. Although the current evidence is insufficient, psychotropic agents, psychotherapies, and interventions targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis show the potential to improve symptoms and quality of life in IBD patients. Therefore, further studies that translate recent findings into therapeutic approaches that improve both physical and psychological well-being are needed.
Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism* ; Stress, Psychological/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Brain/metabolism* ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; Animals

Objective:To establish a normal data model of fetal right ventricular size and function using echocardiography，and to explore the clinical value of quantitative assessment of right ventricular size and function in the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases.Methods:（1）A simple random sampling method was employed to collect 1 004 pregnant women with normal singleton pregnancies at 24 to 32 +6 weeks of gestation who underwent fetal cardiac ultrasound examinations at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2021 to December 2023. Two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography were used to measure the right ventricular end-diastolic diameter（RVEDD），right ventricular end-diastolic area（RVEDA），tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion（TAPSE）during systole，and the right ventricular fractional area change（RVFAC）was calculated. The correlations between the above parameters and ultrasound gestational age（USGA）were analyzed. Moreover，percentile growth curves for each parameter were plotted. With the above parameters as dependent variables and the USGA as the independent variable，a Z-score model was established through regression analysis.（2）A stratified sampling method was adopted to select 30 fetuses diagnosed with hypoplastic right heart syndrome（HRHS）and 30 fetuses diagnosed with pulmonary stenosis（PS）during the same period as the case group. The model was verified，and the morphological and functional characteristics of the right ventricle were analyzed. Results:The data of RVEDD，RVEDA，TAPSE，and RVFAC in normal fetuses showed a skewed distribution. Each parameter showed good linear correlations with USGA（ r=0.836，0.834，0.846，0.242；all P<0.001）. The constructed percentile curves for each parameter indicated that RVEDD，RVEDA and TAPSE increased significantly with the growth of USGA，while RVFAC showed a slow downward trend. All parameters in the HRHS group and TAPSE and RVFAC in the PS group deviated significantly from the normal reference range（all P<0.001）. Conclusions:By analyzing RVEDD，RVEDA，TAPSE and RVFAC of normal fetuses，the percentile and Z-score normal reference value models of multiple parameters of fetal right ventricular size and function have been established，providing corresponding standards for quantitative analysis.

Objective To explore the effect of adjuvant hydrogen inhalation therapy(AHIT)on postoperative neurological recovery in elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods A pro-spective study was conducted on 100 patients with cerebral hemorrhage who underwent surgical treatment in our department between January 2021 and February 2023.They were randomly divid-ed into an observation group(AHIT)and a control group(conventional treatment),with 50 pa-tients in each group.Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score,NIHSS score,short from 36-item question-naire(SF-36)score,as well as levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP),and incidence of compli-cations were compared between the two groups.Results The observation group obtained signifi-cantly higher GCS score and SF-36 scores at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment,and lower NIHSS score when compared with the control group(P＜0.01).At 8 weeks after treatment,the serum BDNF,IGF-1 and CGRP levels were notably higher in the observation group than the control group(P＜0.01).There was no statistical difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(6.00％vs 10.00％,P＞0.05).Conclusion AHIT can significantly improve the neuro-logical recovery and quality of life of patients with cerebral hemorrhage,as well as elevate the lev-els of serum neurofunctional markers.

Objective To explore the imaging features of papillary glioneuronal tumor(PGNT).Methods The CT and MRI data of 54 patients with PGNT confirmed by surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results Fifty cases were located in the supratentorial area and 4 cases in the subtentorial area.41 cases were adjacent to the lateral ventricles,10 cases were far from the lateral ventricles,and 3 cases were located in the intraventricular.24 cases were cystic,21 cases were cystic-solid,and 9 cases were solid.In the solid part,28 cases showed obvious hegerogeneous enhancement,and 2 cases showed no enhancement.In 36 cases of cyst walls,17 cases showed obvious enhancement,and 19 cases showed no enhancement.In 17 cases of separation,11 cases showed"spiderweb-like"separation and 6 cases showed line-like separation,meanwhile,13 cases showed obvious enhancement,and 4 cases showed no enhancement.12 cases showed the ring of hemosiderin at the edge of the tumor on T2WI.35 cases underwent CT scan,and 15 cases showed calcification.None of the 54 cases showed restricted diffusion.2 cases showed hemorrhage.14 cases showed peritumoral edema.26 cases showed mild mass effect.Conclusion PGNT typically manifests as a cystic or cystic-solid mass in the supratentorial area around the lateral ventricles.It is often accompanied by calcification,"spiderweb-like"separation and the ring of hemosiderin at the edge of the tumor on T2WI,with minimal hemorrhage,no restricted diffusion,obvious enhancement of the solid part,no obvious peritumoral edema,and mild mass effect.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ameliorative effect of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine and its effective components on inflammatory response in mice with acute lung injury(ALI).METHODS A mice model of acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was used as the in vivo animal model.The levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β,the total protein concentration,the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,the ratio of lung wet weight to dry weight,and the pathological damage of lung tissues were taken as the evaluation indexes.RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS were used as the in vitro experimental model,with the mRNA levels of intracellular inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 as indicators,systematic solvent extraction and silica gel column chromatography were used to separate and screen the effective parts and components of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine for treating acute lung injury.The component composition of the effective fractions was analyzed by mass spectrometry,the content of cyclic dipeptide components in the effective fraction was determined,and the anti-in-flammatory activity of cyclic dipeptides was verified in vitro.RESULTS The ethyl acetate extraction fraction obtained by extracting the supernatant of water extraction and ethanol precipitation of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine(referred to as the ethyl acetate fraction for short)significantly improved the inflammatory response in mice with acute lung injury and significantly reduced the mRNA levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS.The Fr.1 fraction isolated from the ethyl acetate frac-tion by silica gel column chromatography had anti-inflammatory effects in vitro.Mass spectrometry determined the content of two main cyclic dipeptide components,cyclo-(Pro-Phe)and cyclo-(Pro-Val),in the Fr.1 fraction.After mixing these two cyclic dipeptide components in the molar ratio in the Fr.1 fraction and administering them in vitro,the results showed that the combination of these two cyclic dipeptide components could significantly inhibit the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS.CONCLUSION Cyclic dipeptide component is one of the main material basis categories for the anti-inflammatory effect of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine.

Objective:To study and establish the UPLC fingerprint and multi-index content determination methods of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba; To provide a reference for the quality control of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba.Methods:The chromatographic column was ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution with gradient elution; the detection wavelength was 254 nm; the flow rate was 0.30 ml/min and column temperature was 35 ℃. The method could determine content and fingerprint of rutin, Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, Narcissoside, Neochlorogenic aci, Chlorogenic Acid, Cryptochlorogenic acid and have quality analysis to 17 batches of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba based on the variance of fingerprint, similarity evaluation, clustering analysis along with principal component analysis (PCA) at the same time.Results:The common pattern of UPLC specific chromatogram of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba was established. The 11 common peaks were marked out, among which 7 peaks were identified. 17 batches Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba could be divided into 4 categories according to different origins. Quality content of six indicators of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba was in slight difference between different origins, among which the content quality of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba from Duyun in Guizhou Province was the highest.Conclusion:The established UPLC fingerprint and content determination method of 6 indicators from the study can be used for the quality control of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba, which can also provide a theoretical basis for the standard improvement of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba.