On the premise of respecting the objective law of the occurrence and development of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） dispensing granules， relevant national departments have gradually formed the research and formulation ideas of national drug standards for dispensing granules based on the experiences and lessons learned in the development process of quality standards， as well as the formation mechanism of national standards for dispensing granules. This has certain reference significance for the formulation path of TCM quality standards. Combined with the general situation of the published standards and specific cases， the research concepts of the national standards for dispensing granules were analyzed and summarized in this paper， and the analysis of the technical characteristics of the issued national standards was focused， including the introduction of standard decoction， the overall quality control of TCM， the whole process quality control and other research ideas. At the same time， it summarized the industry common problems in the research and development process of national standards for dispensing granules， such as the source and process control of medicinal materials， and strived to solve them together， encouraging the demonstration and application of new technological means in the field of TCM dispensing granules. Finally， based on the literature analysis， the shortcomings of the current national standards were discussed， and relevant suggestions were put forward to further improve the national standards for dispensing granules. Through the overall analysis， it is helpful to comprehensively understand the technical characteristics of the national standards for TCM dispensing granules， and provide reference for the scientific exploration and practice of quality control methods for TCM.

Objective:To examine the distribution of pathogens that cause postoperative nosocomial infections in patients with rectal cancer(RC)and to construct a predictive nomogram for nosocomial infection.Methods:The clinical data of 1537 RC patients admitted to Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital between January 2021 and December 2022 were collected.Patients were assigned 1∶1 by propensity score matching(PSM)to the infection group(n=83)and control group(n=83)based on the occurrence of nosocomial infection.The dis-tribution and drug resistance of bacteria in patients with nosocomial infection were analyzed.Risk factors for postoperative nosocomial infection were identified by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression,and a predictive nomogram was con-structed using multivariate logistics regression.The predictive performance of the model was evaluated by receiver operating character-istic(ROC)curve,calibration curve,and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results:A total of 93 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 83 infected patients,including 62 strains of Gram-negative bacteria(66.67%;predominantly Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas ae-ruginosa),25 strains of Gram-positive bacteria(26.88%;mainly Enterococcus faecalis),and 6 strains of fungi(6.45%;all Candida albicans).LASSO and multivariate logistics regression showed that smoking(odds ratio[OR]=3.97,95%CI=1.27-12.43),the dwelling time of drainage tube(OR=1.19,95%CI=1.08-1.30),difference in preoperative and postoperative neutrophil counts(OR=1.23,95%CI=1.01-1.49),and difference between preoperative and postoperative C-reactive protein levels(OR=1.05,95%CI=1.03-1.07)were inde-pendent risk factors for postoperative nosocomial infection in RC patients.The area under the ROC curve of the nomogram constructed based on the above factors was 0.933(95%CI=0.896-0.969).The calibration curve showed that the predicted risk was in good agree-ment with the actual observed risk of infection.In addition,DCA demonstrated that the nomogram has good clinical utility and high net clinical benefits in predicting nosocomial infection.Conclusion:The nomogram constructed in this study has a good predictive perfor-mance in postoperative nosocomial infection in RC patients.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic intestinal inflammatory condition with chronic and relapsing manifestations and is characterized by a disturbance in the interplay between the intestinal microbiota, the gut, and the brain. The microbiota-gut-brain axis involves interactions among the nervous system, the neuroendocrine system, the gut microbiota, and the host immune system. Increasing published data indicate that psychological stress exacerbates the severity of IBD due to its negative effects on the microbiota-gut-brain axis, including alterations in the stress response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the balance between the sympathetic nervous system and vagus nerves, the homeostasis of the intestinal flora and metabolites, and normal intestinal immunity and permeability. Although the current evidence is insufficient, psychotropic agents, psychotherapies, and interventions targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis show the potential to improve symptoms and quality of life in IBD patients. Therefore, further studies that translate recent findings into therapeutic approaches that improve both physical and psychological well-being are needed.
Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism* ; Stress, Psychological/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Brain/metabolism* ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; Animals

Objective:To study and establish the UPLC fingerprint and multi-index content determination methods of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba; To provide a reference for the quality control of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba.Methods:The chromatographic column was ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution with gradient elution; the detection wavelength was 254 nm; the flow rate was 0.30 ml/min and column temperature was 35 ℃. The method could determine content and fingerprint of rutin, Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, Narcissoside, Neochlorogenic aci, Chlorogenic Acid, Cryptochlorogenic acid and have quality analysis to 17 batches of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba based on the variance of fingerprint, similarity evaluation, clustering analysis along with principal component analysis (PCA) at the same time.Results:The common pattern of UPLC specific chromatogram of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba was established. The 11 common peaks were marked out, among which 7 peaks were identified. 17 batches Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba could be divided into 4 categories according to different origins. Quality content of six indicators of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba was in slight difference between different origins, among which the content quality of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba from Duyun in Guizhou Province was the highest.Conclusion:The established UPLC fingerprint and content determination method of 6 indicators from the study can be used for the quality control of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba, which can also provide a theoretical basis for the standard improvement of Hedyotidis chrysotricahae Herba.

Objective To clarify the active ingredients and the potential molecular mechanism of Guben Qushi Huayu Prescription in treating psoriasis recurrence.Methods An ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)was applied to analyze the whole formula and the constituents absorbed into blood of Guben Qushi Huayu Prescription,and molecular docking technology was used to study the binding affinity of the constituents absorbed into blood with psoriasis-related immunomodulatory proteins such as CD69 and CD103 proteins.Results Mass spectrometry analysis identified 21 active ingredients such as paeoniflorin in Guben Qushi Huayu Prescription,including several known anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory compounds.Analysis of the constituents absorbed into blood identified 11 ingredients,including paeoniflorin,that may affect the course of psoriasis through blood circulation.Molecular docking studies revealed that the constituents absorbed into blood,including astilbin,isoastilbin,chlorogenic acid,neochlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,helicine,paeoniflorin,ononin,all had high binding affinities with CD69 and CD103 proteins.Conclusion This research reveals the main active ingredients of Guben Qushi Huayu Prescription and their potential mechanism for regulating the recurrence of psoriasis by mass spectrometry and molecular docking technology,contributing to providing scientific basis for further pharmacological research and clinical application.

Objective To explore the nutritional risk investigation and influencing factors of elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods The clinical data of 239 elderly patients with CAP in Western Theater General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from January 2022 to January 2024. Nutritional risk screening scale (NRS2002) was used to investigate the nutritional risk of patients. According to the nutritional risk investigation results, 239 elderly patients with CAP were divided into higher risk group (NRS2002≥3 points) and lower risk group (NRS2002<3 points). Univariate analysis was used to compare the gender, age, education level, body mass index (BMI), family monthly income, living condition, severity of pneumonia, smoking history, presence or absence of chronic diseases, cognitive dysfunction and self-care ability. The independent risk factors of nutritional risk in elderly patients with CAP were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. Results According to NRS2002 score, there were 87 cases (36.4%) in higher risk group and 152 cases (63.6%) in lower risk group. The NRS2002 scores in higher risk group were significantly higher than those in lower risk group (P<0.05). There were no obvious differences in gender, BMI, family monthly income and presence or absence of smoking history between groups (P>0.05). The higher risk group had significantly higher rates of age>70 years old, education level (high school and below), living condition (living alone), severity of pneumonia (high-risk pneumonia), chronic disease, cognitive dysfunction and poor self-care ability than the lower risk group (P<0.05). Binary logistics regression analysis showed that age>70 years old , education level of high school and below, living condition (living alone), severity of pneumonia (high-risk pneumonia), chronic diseases, cognitive dysfunction and self-care ability (poor) were independent risk factors for nutritional risk in elderly CAP patients (P<0.05). Conclusion Elderly patients with CAP have high nutritional risk, which may be affected by many factors such as age, education level, living condition, severity of pneumonia, presence or absence of chronic diseases, cognitive dysfunction and self-care ability. It is necessary to formulate targeted intervention measures according to the above factors to improve the nutritional risk of patients.

Objective To investigate the fluctuations in the population density of Aedes albopictus and changes in the population density of Ae. albopictus in different geographical areas and different breeding habitats in Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2023, so as to provide insights into prevention and control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases in the province. Methods Ae. albopictus surveillance sites were assigned in 1 609 townships (streets) from 121 districts (counties) of 21 cities in Guangdong Province during the period between March and November from 2018 to 2023. The surveillance of the population density of Ae. albopictus was performed once a month in each surveillance site, and once a month in specific settings in cities where dengue were highly prevalent in Guangdong Province from December to February of the next year during the period from 2018 through 2023. Four streets (villages) were selected in each surveillance site according to the geographic orientation, and mosquito ovitraps were assigned in gardens, rooftops or public green belts at residential areas, parks, hospitals and construction sites. All mosquito ovitraps were collected, and the mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) was calculated. The population density of Ae. albopictus was classified into four grades in each surveillance site according to MOI, including no risk, low risk, medium risk and high risk. The risk classification of the Ae. albopictus density was analyzed in each surveillance site each year from 2018 to 2023, and the population density of Ae. albopictus was analyzed at different months and in different geographical areas and breeding habitats. Results A total of 118 241 Ae. albopictus surveillance sites were assigned in 21 cities of Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2023, and there were 68.26% of the surveillance sites with the population density of Ae. albopictus that met the requirements for dengue prevention and control, among which low, medium and high risk surveillance sites accounted for 23.61%, 6.67% and 1.47%. The risk classification of the Ae. albopictus density increased rapidly in Guangdong Province since April to May each year from 2018 to 2023, and then gradually reduced since September to October, with the peak during the period between May and July. The mean MOI was 4.21 at each surveillance site in Guangdong Province during the period from 2018 to 2023, with 4.69, 4.80, 4.38, 3.82, 3.38, and 4.33 from 2018 to 2023, respectively. The MOI was 4.35, 4.43, 3.53 and 3.58 in the Pearl River Delta region, and eastern, western, and northern Guangdong Province, respectively, and was 4.18, 5.44, 4.75, 3.24, 4.27 and 3.70 in residential areas, parks, construction sites, hospitals, waste collection stations, and other breeding habitats, respectively. Conclusions The population density of adult Ae. albopictus peaked in Guangdong Province during the period between May and July from 2018 to 2023, with a high density of Ae. albopictus in the Pearl River Delta region and eastern Guangdong Province. Targeted Ae. albopictus control measures are recommended to be implemented prior to the peak of the Ae. albopictus population density to reduce the development of mosquito-borne infectious diseases.

Objective To observe the imaging findings of embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes(ETMR).Methods MRI(n=8)and CT(n=6)data of 8 children with pathologically confirmed ETMR were retrospectively reviewed,and the imaging findings were analyzed.Results ETMR present as masses with the maximum diameter of 32-96 mm and clear edges in all 8 cases,located supratentorially in 5 and infratentorially in 3 cases.The supratentorial ETMR were giant cystic solid masses,while the infratentorial ETMR had relatively small volumes.No peritumoral edema was noticed.Cystic solid masses were observed in 6 cases,and the cystic portion presented as low T1WI and high T2WI signals at the edge of the masses.After administration of contrast agents,mild focal uneven enhancement in the solid portion was found in 5 cases,while 1 case was not found enhancement.Among the above 6 cases,the intratumoral bleeding and empty blood vessel shadows within the masses were observed each in 5 cases,while adjacent dura mater invasion was noticed in 3 cases.Two ETMR present as solid masses with focal nodular uneven enhancement,and the enhanced area corresponded to the low signal area on apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)image,among them,increased choline(Cho)/creatine(Cr)and decreased N-acetyl aspartate(NAA)was found in 1 case.Limited diffusion on diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)were detected in all 8 cases.Among 6 cases who underwent CT scanning,patchy or punctate calcification,corresponding to the low signal area on MRI were detected in 4 cases.Conclusion ETMR mostly present as supratentorial large solid cystic masses with clear edges,and the cystic portion often located at the edge of masses,with characteristic vascular flow voids often accompanied by intratumoral bleeding and some with calcifications but without peritumoral edema,which showed significantly limited diffusion on DWI and weakly inhomogeneous enhancement of the solid part.

The intestinal dysbacteriosis is closely associated with the occurrence and progress of radiation-induced intestinal injury. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Symbiotic bacteria in the human body play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment while participating in various physiological and pathological processes such as metabolism, immunoregulation, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Ionizing radiation can destroy the intestinal epithelial barrier, creating an oxidative stress microenvironment. Consequently, the composition and structure of microbiota change, leading to dysbacteriosis through downstream inflammatory factors. Dysbacteriosis can further exacerbate radiation-induced intestinal injury by weakening the resistance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, activating inflammatory signaling pathways, and upregulating radiation-induced apoptosis response. The probiotic supplementation and fecal bacteria transplantation can reduce radiation-induced intestinal injury by regulating the balance of intestinal microbiota. This study reviews the advances in research on the pathogenesis and clinical protection of radiation enteritis based on gut microbiota, in order to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the prevention and treatment of radiation enteritis.

OBJECTIVE To establish the ultra-high liquid chromatography （UPLC） characteristic spectrum of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis from different producing areas， to conduct chemical pattern recognition analysis， and to identify the medicinal materials of their different origins and counterfeit products. METHODS UPLC method was adopted to establish the characteristic spectra of 43 batches of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis from different origins； cluster analysis combined with principal component analysis were used to analyze their quality； Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis from different origins and counterfeit products were identified. RESULTS UPLC specific spectrum of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis was established， and 13 common peaks were calibrated； peak 2 was identified as catechin， peak 3 as chlorogenic acid， peak 4 as cryptochlorogenic acid， peak 7 as isochlorogenic acid B， peak 8 as isodehydroguotenine， peak 9 as isooguotenine， peak 10 as dehydroguotenine， peak 11 as isochlorogenic acid C， peak 12 as goutenine， and peak 13 as camptothecin. Through cluster analysis， the medicinal materials of 43 batches of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis could be divided into 5 categories according to their different origins. Further principal component analysis revealed that the principal component comprehensive scores of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis produced in Jiangxi and Hunan were relatively high， ranging from 0.264 to 2.904. The specific chromatogram could effectively distinguish among the different origins and their counterfeit products of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis. CONCLUSIONS The established UPLC specific chromatogram can be used for quality control of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis， and the study found that the quality of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis from Jiangxi and Hunan provinces is relatively good.