With the widespread use of antimicrobial agents, bacterial drug resistance has become an increasingly severe issue, posing significant challenges to global healthcare. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has emerged as a research focus in the field of bacterial resistance due to its broad sources, high safety profile, low toxicity, and antimicrobial mechanisms distinct from those of chemical drugs. Studies have shown that various TCM herbs, such as Scutellaria baicalensis, exert antibacterial effects through multiple pathways, including disrupting the integrity of bacterial cell walls and membranes, inhibiting nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and impairing energy production and metabolism. Additionally, certain TCM herbs, including Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, and Fritillaria thunbergii, can reverse antimicrobial resistance by eliminating resistant plasmids, inhibiting bacterial efflux pump function, and suppressing β-lactamase activity. TCM holds promising potential for antibacterial applications and synergistically reversing antimicrobial resistance, though systematic analyses remain limited. This review summarizes the mechanisms of antibacterial action of TCM and current research on its synergistic use with antimicrobial agents to reverse drug resistance, aiming to provide insights for developing novel TCM-based antimicrobials and addressing bacterial resistance.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hypertensive retinopathy (HRP) in a non-diabetic population over 30 years old during routine health examinations.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of a non-diabetic population over 30 years of age. The study was conducted during routine health examinations at the Tongren Hospital, Beijing, from January to December 2020. Fundus photographs were taken, and data including medical history, height, weight, and blood pressure were collected. Routine laboratory examinations were performed. The study population was divided into hypertension, transient hypertension, and non-hypertension groups. The prevalence of HRP was compared among the three groups. OR and 95% CI of HRP risk factors was estimated by binary logistic regression, adjusted for age and gender. Results:The prevalence of HRP was 4.3% in the non-diabetic population over 30 years old. Adjusted for age, gender, and systolic blood pressure, the prevalence of HRP in hypertension and transient hypertension groups, was both higher than in the non-hypertension group [ OR(95% CI) of 3.11(2.25-4.30) and 1.72(1.21-2.45), respectively]. The proportion of grade 1-2 HRP was higher (76.2%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of grade 3 HRP among the three groups. Adjusted for age and gender, systolic blood pressure and creatinine clearance rate were independent risk factors for HRP in the hypertension group [ OR(95% CI): 1.22(1.01-1.48) and 1.66(1.12-2.46)] and transient hypertension group [ OR(95% CI): 1.48(1.10-2.06) and 1.95(1.03-3.46)]. SBP and DBP were independent risk factors for HRP in the non-hypertension group [ OR(95% CI): 1.68(1.07-2.63) and 1.61(1.06-2.44)]. Conclusions:There was a high prevalence of HRP among the non-diabetic population over the age of 30 and there was still relatively high risk of grade 3 HRP among the normotensive population.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a Beijing population during routine medical examinations. Methods This was a cross-sectional study during a routine health examination at the Tongren Hospital of Beijing,from March 2014 to February 2015. Fundus photography was conducted by experienced ophthalmologists.Medical history,height,weight,waist and hip circumference,and blood pressure were recorded.Routine laboratory examinations were performed. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of diabetic retinopathy for each risk factor,adjusted for age and gender. Results The prevalence of DR was 7.0% among diabetic individuals.The multivariate analysis showed that disease durations[OR(95% CI),2.1 (1.564-2.752),P<0.001],fasting plasma glucose[1.2(1.093-1.273),P<0.001],body mass index[1.8(1.010-3.100),P=0.046],and triglyceride[0.794(0.638-0.987),P=0.038]were independently associated with DR. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and DR significantly increased in populations aged>30 years. Conclusion Fundus photography (nonmydriatic) should be recommended as a routine screening method for people 30 years and elder to effectively prevent occurrence of visual impairment and blindness.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the perfusion mode of neovascularization of carotid plaque in CEUS and the ischemic stroke in transient ischemic attack (TIA) patient.Methods A total of 73 TIA patients according to the inclusive criteria were enrolled.All the patients underwent routine carotid ultrasonic examination.And 61 patients with plaque thicker than 2.5 mm in carotid bifurcation underwent CEUS and follow-up for at least 18 months.All the patients were divided into recurrent and non-recurrent groups.Logistic regression analysis were performed to detect the risk factors for incurrence of ischemic stroke or recurrence of TIA in 18 months.Results There were statistical differences between 2 groups in hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipemia,smoking history,family history of stroke,medication compliance,two-dimensional ultrasound and CEUS characteristics (all P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that all the factors correlated with the recurrency,from big to small order were the CEUS characteristics of carotid plaque,hypertension,medication compliance,diabetes,two-dimensional ultrasound characteristics of carotid plaque.Conclusion CEUS could evaluate the perfusion mode of neovascularization in carotid plaques.For TIA patients,CEUS could predict the incurrence of ischemic stroke or recurrence of TIA,which can guide TIA patients targeted prophylaxis of them.

Objective To study the metabolic parameters in health checkup people with dark red tongue and light red tongue,with different coating nature,coating color or liguliform,to understand the relationship between dark red tongue and human metabolic state.Methods Clinical data of 2 891 individuals who underwent health checkup in our center between Dec.2013 and Aug.2014 were collected,including body mass index,blood pressure,blood glucose,lipid and uric acid.Tongue diagnosis was made by Chinese Medicine practitioners.Results The dark red tongue was more common in males,it was found in 61.58％ males and 38.42％ females in the dark red tongue group.The average level including body mass index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood uric acid in dark red tongue group were higher than those in light red tongue group (P＜0.01).When the dark red tongue had yellow fur-like or thick and greasy coat,the average level of body mass index,blood glucose,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood uric acid were higher than those of the normal dark red tongue group,the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower than that of the normal dark red tongue group.Conclusions Dark red tongue has homogeneous relations with abnormal metabolic parameters,it may be the external expression of metabolic abnormalities;tongue is the external macro manifestation of human body health state.

Objective To investigate the relationship between fatty liver progress and metabolic changes.Methods A total of 414 patients who had B-mode ultrasonography confirmed fatty liver development during 2 health check-ups within 2 years were enrolled in this study.Paired t and χ2 tests were used to compare body mass index (BMI),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),serum uric acid (UA),triglycerides (TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among the participants.Results BMI,TG,HDL-C,ALT,AST,and UA were significantly increased after fatty liver progressed,although HDL-C was largely decreased.ConclusionsPrevention and treatment of MS as well as early intervention for fatty liver should be important for successful control of fatty liver.

Objective To find the syndrome tendency of fatty liver people and then providing basis for TCM integrated into fatty liver patients'Health Management by analyzing the characteristics of fatty liver people's tongue and combining them with the investigating results of symptoms.Methods Using 1∶1control study methods,examined 368 cases(184 cases were patients with fatty liver),observed their tongues as well as their symptoms,and recorded results.Results x2 test showed fat tongue,thin and small tongue,teeth-marked tongue,thick fur,greasy fur,fond of cool drink,hate feat,diarrhea after eating cold food,more sweat,lethargy,heavy four limbs,more flatus were significantly increase in fatty liver people(x27·580,11.740,23.700,8.666,10.793,P>0.05).Conclusions The symptoms of patients with fatty liver disease were the reflection of heat and(or)damp-heat.Found the generally pathology rules of patients with fatty liver disease,we could be more reasonable and effective prevention and treatment.

Objective To identify the important regulatory elements in the promoter of human CD2 associated protein(CD2AP) by conserved sequence analysis among different species and luciferase functional detection. Methods The promoter sequences of CD2AP from different species were analyzed by BLAST. Plasmids containing different length of deletion mutations of human CD2AP promoter were constructed. Pro-moter activities were tested in 3 kinds of cells from different species by luciferase analysis and were tested in HEK-293 cells treated with all-trans-retinoic acid. Results Homologous sequence comparison in CD2AP promoter area among human, cattle and pig showed that putative specific protein 1 (Sp1) sites and down-stream promoter element (DPE) were highly evolutional]y conserved. Progressive deletion luciferase analysis of DNA fragments revealed similar promoter activity style among 3 different cell lines from 3 different spe-cies, HEK-293, BHK-21 and Vero cells. One basic promoter activity located within 500 bp upstream of ATG. Fragments of further upstream 100 bp or more had drastically 10 times increased promoter activity. Two putative Sp1 sites were in this 100 bp region. All-trans-retinoic acid decreased the luciferase activity of CD2AP promoter. Conclusion Putative Spl sites and DPE have important functions in the promoter activity of CD2AP.

Aim To investigate the effects of chloride channel blockers on the apoptosis of RIN-m? cells of pancreatic islet induced by H2O2.Methods The apoptotic model was made by H2O2 exposed for six hours with a concentration of 500 ?mol?L-1.The chloride channel blockers:DIDS,NPPB and NFA were administered to pretreat the samples respectively.The cell viability,morphological changes,and apoptosis rate were observed.Results Chloride channel blockers alone have no marked effects on the cell viability of RIN-m? cell.However,they elevated the cell viability of RIN-m?cell disposed of by H2O2.Compared to H2O2 group,the groups of DIDS +H2O2,NPPB+ H2O2 and NFA+H2O2 have significant difference in cell viability and apoptosis rate(P

Objective: To observe the effects of carotenoids extracts from Potamogoton crispus L. (CEPC) on proliferation and apoptosis of Hela cell line. Method: The cell growth inhibition was tested in MTT assay and cell cycle arrest was measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Apoptotic cells were observed by fluorescent microscope and Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). LSCM was also used to determine the Ca2+ concentration in cells. Results: CEPC had strong inhibition effects on the cell growth. The cell cycle progression was arrested at G2/M phase. The typical characteristics of apoptotic cells such as chromatin condensation were observed by the fluorescent microscope and LSCM. The concentration of intracellular Ca2+ was remarkably increased after treatment of CEPC as compared with the control. Conclusion: Apoptosis of Hela cell line is the important anticancer mechanism of CEPC and the increase of intracellular Ca2+ level might participate in the process.