Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

【Objective】 To investigate the significance of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the prostate tissue of rats with experimental autoimmune prostatitis(EAP). 【Methods】 EAP rat models were established and divided into control group, EAP group, anti-GM-CSF group (blocking control group) and anti-GM-CSFEAP group (blocking EAP group). Pain behaviors were tested. The pathological changes were observed with HE staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of GM-CSF, NGF and IL-17 were detected with RT-PCR and Western blot. 【Results】 Pain test showed the anti-GM-CSF group had less chronic pelvic pain than the EAP group. HE staining showed the anti-GM-CSF group had less tissue inflammatory response. The EAP inflammation score was higher in the control group than in the anti-GM-CSF group. Immunohistochemistry showed GM-CSF was positive in the EAP group (mainly in the nucleus). RT-PCR and Western blot results showed the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-17 and NGF significantly decreased 50 days after EAP in the anti-GM-CSF group. 【Conclusion】 Increased expressions of GM-CSF, NGF and IL-17 in prostate tissue of EAP rats may be important inflammatory mediators of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS);decreased expressions of NGF and IL-17 after resistance against GM-CSF indicate that GM-CSF may be a potential therapeutic target for CP/CPPS.

【Objective】 To explore the effect mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower on combined anti-ischemic stroke and verify relevant action targets in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model based on network pharmacology. 【Methods】 ①Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and GeneCards databases were used to screen the active components, component targets and ischemic stroke targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower respectively. The above data were imported into STRING database for protein interaction network analysis, and Cytoscape3.8.0 software was used to construct protein interaction network (PPI) and component target interaction network. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation analysis of target genes were performed using David online analysis tool. ② In this experiment, a rat model of ischemic stroke was prepared by using improved MCAO method, and immunohistochemical method and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (REAL-TIME PCR) to detect the positive expressions of NLRP3 inflammatory body and NF P65 protein in the brain tissue of rats in each group so as to explore the functional mechanism of anti-inflammation reaction against cerebral ischemia injury. 【Results】 ① A total of 87 effective components, corresponding to 253 targets, 1448 targets for ischemic stroke and 161 targets related to drugs and diseases, were screened from the Salvia milticorrhiza and safflower drug pairs. We obtained 730 biological processes, 81 cell components and 128 molecular functions through GO analysis, and 127 signal pathways through KEGG analysis. ②Immunohistochemical method and Real-time PCR determination results showed that compared with control group rats, model group rats had significantly increased tissue NLRP3 inflammatory body and NFkBp65 protein expressions (P<0.01). Compared with those in the model group, NLRP3 inflammatory body and NFkBp65 protein expressions significantly decreased in Dan red compatibility groups and nim horizon groups (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Compatibility of effective components in salvia miltiorrhiza, and carthamus tinctorius can further downregulate the release of inflammatory corpuscle NLRP3 through NFkB signaling pathway by blocking inflammatory lesions and thus plays the role of fighting against inflammatory damage.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM-DWI MRI) in the evaluation of tumor vascular normalization in a mouse model of colorectal cancer induced by recombinant human endostatin (rhES). Methods: The CT26 colorectal cancer xenograft model of BALB/c mice were established and divided into rhES group and control group, with 20 mice in each group. The mice of rhES group were intravenously injected with rhES 5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 once daily for 12 days, while the mice of the control group were intravenously injected with the same volume of 0.9% saline. 5 mice of rhES group and control group were randomly selected to perform IVIM-DWI MRI as following times: before treatment and four, eight, twelve days after treatment. The parameters of IVIM-DWI were recorded, including true diffusion coefficient(D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D^*) and perfusion fraction (f). Meanwhile, microvessel density (MVD), pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion in tumor tissues were detected by immunofluorescence, respectively. Results: The tumor volumes of control group and rhES group before treatment were (154.42±24.65) mm³ and (174.24±28.27)mm^3, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P=0.440). From day 2 to day 12 after treatment, the tumor volume of rhES group was significantly smaller than that of control group (all P<0.05). There were no statistical significances of D value between the rhES group and control group before and after treatment (all P>0.05). The D^* values of the rhES group were (10.940±2.834)×10^-3mm²/s and (12.940±2.801)×10^-3mm²/s in day 4 and 8 after treatment respectively, significantly higher than (6.980±1.554)×10^-3mm²/s and (7.898±1.603)×10^-3mm²/s of control group (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with control group, the D^* value of rhES group was significantly lower in day 12 (6.848±1.460)×10^-3mm²/s vs (9.950±2.596)×10^-3mm²/s, (P<0.05). The f value of rhES group in day 8 was (0.226±0.021)%, significantly higher than (0.178±0.016)% of control group (P<0.01). The MVD of rhES group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05), while the pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion of rhES group were significantly higher than those of control group in day 4 and 8 after treatment (all P<0.05). In addition, we found D^* value of IVIM-DWI in rhES group was significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion (r=-0.354, r=0.555, r=0.559, all P<0.05). Meanwhile, the f value in rhES group was also significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion (r=-0.391, r=0.538, r=0.315, all P<0.05). Conclusions IVIM-DWI MRI can effectively evaluate the vascular normalization in rhES-induced CT26 colorectal tumor.The parameters D^* and f are closely related to intratumorally microvessel density, pericyte coverage and perfusion, which can effectively monitor the occurrence of tumor vascular normalization time.

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechin in 3 processed products of Rheum officinale. METHODS： RP-HPLC method was established. The determination was performed on Thermo ScientificTM Hypersil GOLD Dim column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 278 nm， and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS： The linear range of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechin were 0.126 2-1.262 0 μg（r＝0.999 9）， 0.036 2-0.362 0  μg（r＝0.999 9） and 0.177 9-1.779 4 μg（r＝0.999 8）， respectively. Quantitative limits were 25.4， 28.2， 62.5 ng， and detection limits were 6.2， 3.6， 11.8 ng， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability， repeatability and durability tests were all less than 3％. The recoveries ranged from 94.64％-102.71％（RSD＝2.74％， n＝9）， 95.35％-102.49％（RSD＝2.44％， n＝9）， 93.56％-103.66％（RSD＝3.27％， n＝9）. The determination results showed that the contents of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in prepared R. officinale were higher， and the order of both were prepared R. officinale＞steamed R. officinale＞raw R. officinale. The content of catechin in raw R. officinale was higher， and the order of it was raw R. officinale＞ steamed R. officinale＞prepared R. officinale. CONCLUSIONS： The method is sensitive， reliable and reproducible. It can be used to determine the contents of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechins in 3 processed products of R. officinale simultaneously.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion?weighted magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM?DWI MRI) in the evaluation of tumor vascular normalization in a mouse model of colorectal cancer induced by recombinant human endostatin (rhES).Methods The CT26 colorectal cancer xenograft model of BALB／c mice were established and divided into rhES group and control group, with 20 mice in each group.The mice of rhES group were intravenously injected with rhES 5 mg·kg－1·d－1 once daily for 12 days, while the mice of the control group were intravenously injected with the same volume of 0.9%saline. 5 mice of rhES group and control group were randomly selected to perform IVIM?DWI MRI as following times: before treatment and four, eight, twelve days after treatment. The parameters of IVIM?DWI were recorded, including true diffusion coefficient( D), pseudo?diffusion coefficient ( D?) and perfusion fraction ( f).Meanwhile, microvessel density ( MVD), pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion in tumor tissues were detected by immunofluorescence, respectively. Results The tumor volumes of control group and rhES group before treatment were (154.42 ± 24.65) mm3 and (174.24 ± 28.27) mm3, respectively, without statistically significant difference ( P＝0.440). From day 2 to day 12 after treatment, the tumor volume of rhES group was significantly smaller than that of control group ( all P＜0.05).There were no statistical significances of D value between the rhES group and control group before and after treatment ( all P＞0.05).The D? values of the rhES group were (10.940±2.834)×10－3mm2／s and (12.940±2.801)×10－3 mm2／s in day 4 and 8 after treatment respectively, significantly higher than (6.980±1.554)×10－3mm2／s and (7.898±1.603)×10－3mm2／s of control group (P＜0.05). Moreover, compared with control group, the D?value of rhES group was significantly lower in day 12 (6.848±1.460)×10－3mm2／s vs (9.950±2.596)×10－3 mm2／s, (P＜0.05). The f value of rhES group in day 8 was (0.226± 0.021)%, significantly higher than (0.178±0.016)% of control group (P＜0.01). The MVD of rhES group was significantly lower than that of control group (P＜0.05), while the pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion of rhES group were significantly higher than those of control group in day 4 and 8 after treatment ( all P＜0.05).In addition, we found D?value of IVIM?DWI in rhES group was significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion ( r＝－0.354, r＝0.555, r＝0.559, all P＜0.05). Meanwhile, the f value in rhES group was also significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion ( r＝－0.391, r＝0.538, r＝0.315, all P＜0.05). Conclusions IVIM?DWI MRI can effectively evaluate the vascular normalization in rhES?induced CT26 colorectal tumor.The parameters D? and f are closely related to intratumorally microvessel density, pericyte coverage and perfusion, which can effectively monitor the occurrence of tumor vascular normalization time.[Subject words] Colorectal neoplasms; Intravoxel incoherent motion; Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; Vascular normalization; Recombinant human endostatin; Angiogenesis

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion?weighted magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM?DWI MRI) in the evaluation of tumor vascular normalization in a mouse model of colorectal cancer induced by recombinant human endostatin (rhES).Methods The CT26 colorectal cancer xenograft model of BALB／c mice were established and divided into rhES group and control group, with 20 mice in each group.The mice of rhES group were intravenously injected with rhES 5 mg·kg－1·d－1 once daily for 12 days, while the mice of the control group were intravenously injected with the same volume of 0.9%saline. 5 mice of rhES group and control group were randomly selected to perform IVIM?DWI MRI as following times: before treatment and four, eight, twelve days after treatment. The parameters of IVIM?DWI were recorded, including true diffusion coefficient( D), pseudo?diffusion coefficient ( D?) and perfusion fraction ( f).Meanwhile, microvessel density ( MVD), pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion in tumor tissues were detected by immunofluorescence, respectively. Results The tumor volumes of control group and rhES group before treatment were (154.42 ± 24.65) mm3 and (174.24 ± 28.27) mm3, respectively, without statistically significant difference ( P＝0.440). From day 2 to day 12 after treatment, the tumor volume of rhES group was significantly smaller than that of control group ( all P＜0.05).There were no statistical significances of D value between the rhES group and control group before and after treatment ( all P＞0.05).The D? values of the rhES group were (10.940±2.834)×10－3mm2／s and (12.940±2.801)×10－3 mm2／s in day 4 and 8 after treatment respectively, significantly higher than (6.980±1.554)×10－3mm2／s and (7.898±1.603)×10－3mm2／s of control group (P＜0.05). Moreover, compared with control group, the D?value of rhES group was significantly lower in day 12 (6.848±1.460)×10－3mm2／s vs (9.950±2.596)×10－3 mm2／s, (P＜0.05). The f value of rhES group in day 8 was (0.226± 0.021)%, significantly higher than (0.178±0.016)% of control group (P＜0.01). The MVD of rhES group was significantly lower than that of control group (P＜0.05), while the pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion of rhES group were significantly higher than those of control group in day 4 and 8 after treatment ( all P＜0.05).In addition, we found D?value of IVIM?DWI in rhES group was significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion ( r＝－0.354, r＝0.555, r＝0.559, all P＜0.05). Meanwhile, the f value in rhES group was also significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion ( r＝－0.391, r＝0.538, r＝0.315, all P＜0.05). Conclusions IVIM?DWI MRI can effectively evaluate the vascular normalization in rhES?induced CT26 colorectal tumor.The parameters D? and f are closely related to intratumorally microvessel density, pericyte coverage and perfusion, which can effectively monitor the occurrence of tumor vascular normalization time.[Subject words] Colorectal neoplasms; Intravoxel incoherent motion; Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; Vascular normalization; Recombinant human endostatin; Angiogenesis

were no significant differences in the detection rate of recto-sigmoid colon,mid colon,right colon and total detection of polyps among the 3 groups (P >0.05).Conclusion 4-L split-dose PEG is better than the oth-er 2 regimens in the colon cleansing quality,so it can better reach the intestinal cleaning standards before enteroscopy,which is a more suitable regimen for bowel preparation.

Objective To investigate the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases ( ESBLs) producing clinical isolates of gram negative bacilli and their antibiotic resistance in Shantou and to provide suggestions on empirical treatment against the bacteria.Methods A total of 1 445 strains of gram negative bacilli (895 strains of Escherichia coli and 550 strains of Klebsiella pneumonia) were collected and examined for the production of ESBLs and antibacterial susceptibility test by Vitek-2.Results There were 69.4% of escherichia coli and 33.6% of klebsiella pneumonia producing ESBLs.The resistance rate of the ESBLs-producing strains to penicillins,cephalosporins and monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics were very high.The ESBLs-producing strains were multidrug resistant and the resistance rates were higher than that of the non-ESBLs-producing strains.Both ESBLs-producing and non-ESBLs-producing strains were susceptible to Imipenem.Conclusion The incidence of ESBLs-producing strains was high in gram negative bacilli in Shantou.The resistance rates of the ESBLs-producing strains were higher than that of the non-ESBLs-producing strains and they expressed multiple drug resistance phenotypes.Imipenem was the best drug in the treatment of infections caused by ESBLs-producing strains.

Objective To investigate the effects of liraglutide on glucose-lipid metabolism in ApoE-/-mice with RNAi-mediated adiponectin gene inhibition. Methods The dose-effective relationship of liraglutide was evaluated by intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and the insulin sensitivity and glucose-lipid metabolism were assessed by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique using 3-[3 H]-glucose as a tracer. Results In the IVGTT, blood glucose was significantly lower in the 1 mg/kg liraglutide group than that in other groups ( all P＜0. 01 ) at the points of 5, 15, and 30 min after glucose load. However, plasma insulin was significantly higher at the points of 5 and 15 min (all P＜0. 01 ). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight, free fatty acids (FFA),total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C), and fasting plasma insulin in ApoE-/-mice with co-injection of liraglutide and adiponectin shRNA adenovirus ( HEA group ) were significantly lower than those in ApoE-/-mice with adiponectin shRNA adenovirus injection ( ADI group, P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01 ). However,high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly higher than the latter (P＜0. 05 ). During the steady-state of clamp, plasma insulin in ADI group was significantly higher than that in HEA group (P＜0. 01 ). Although FFA, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were suppressed in all groups, they were still higher in ADI group than those in HEA group (P＜0. 05). Glucose infusion rate (GIR) in HEA group were significantly higher than that in ADI group ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). At the end of clamp, glucose disappearance rate ( GRd ) was significantly lower, and hepatic glucose production significantly higher in ADI group than those in HEA group (P＜0.01 ). Conclusion Administration of liraglutide may ameliorate insulin resistance via increasing plasma adiponectin level in ApoE-/-mice with RNAi-mediated adiponectin gene inhibition.