Objective To investigate the classification capability of a deep learning classification model based on biparametric mag-netic resonance imaging(bpMRI)for clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa)and clinically insignificant prostate cancer(cisPCa).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 565 prostate bpMRI patients.A deep learning classification model was established for csPCa.The patients were randomly divided into training set(452 cases)and internal test set(113 cases)at a ratio of 8︰2.Internal validation was performed,followed by external validation(external validation set)using data from 120 patients across four different hospitals.The area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,F1 score,precision,sensi-tivity,specificity,accuracy,and calibration curves were used to evaluate the model.Decision curve analysis(DCA)was also applied to assess the clinical benefit of the model.Results The deep learn-ing classification model for csPCa classification demonstrated the following performance across the training set,internaltest set,and external validation set:sensitivity of 0.986,0.887,and 0.750;specificity of 0.967,0.850,and 0.976;precision of 0.963,0.839,and 0.818;accuracy of 0.974,0.862,and 0.792;F1 score of 0.974,0.862,and 0.783;and AUC of 0.998,0.896,and 0.883,respec-tively.The calibration curves for all three datasets showed high consistency between predicted and actual probabilities.DCA indicated that the highest net benefit threshold probabilities for the training set,internal test set,and external validation set were 0.2-0.7,0.2-0.6,and 0.2-0.5,respectively.Conclusion The deep learning classification model demonstrated excellent performance in classifying csPCa and exhibited good generalizability,which is worhty of clinical application.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective To investigate the classification capability of a deep learning classification model based on biparametric mag-netic resonance imaging(bpMRI)for clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa)and clinically insignificant prostate cancer(cisPCa).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 565 prostate bpMRI patients.A deep learning classification model was established for csPCa.The patients were randomly divided into training set(452 cases)and internal test set(113 cases)at a ratio of 8︰2.Internal validation was performed,followed by external validation(external validation set)using data from 120 patients across four different hospitals.The area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,F1 score,precision,sensi-tivity,specificity,accuracy,and calibration curves were used to evaluate the model.Decision curve analysis(DCA)was also applied to assess the clinical benefit of the model.Results The deep learn-ing classification model for csPCa classification demonstrated the following performance across the training set,internaltest set,and external validation set:sensitivity of 0.986,0.887,and 0.750;specificity of 0.967,0.850,and 0.976;precision of 0.963,0.839,and 0.818;accuracy of 0.974,0.862,and 0.792;F1 score of 0.974,0.862,and 0.783;and AUC of 0.998,0.896,and 0.883,respec-tively.The calibration curves for all three datasets showed high consistency between predicted and actual probabilities.DCA indicated that the highest net benefit threshold probabilities for the training set,internal test set,and external validation set were 0.2-0.7,0.2-0.6,and 0.2-0.5,respectively.Conclusion The deep learning classification model demonstrated excellent performance in classifying csPCa and exhibited good generalizability,which is worhty of clinical application.

As essential part of teachers' teaching practice, the design and arrangement of assignments is the main carrier of interaction between teachers and students, and is also an important learning way for students. According to the discipline characteristics and teaching modes of histology and embryology courses, we have developed a systematic assignment design model that covers theory, practice, and application with four types of assignments—pre-class assignments, exploratory assignments, practical assignments, and innovative assignments distributed before class, in class, after class, and throughout the teaching process. Behind this assignment design strategy is the concept of learner-centered teaching, which aims to help students learn professional knowledge and develop comprehensive literacy.

To investigate the clinical and endoscopic characteristics and endoscopic treatment efficacy of cap polyposis, data of 14 patients (56 polyps) who were histologically diagnosed as having cap polyposis after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in Beijing Friendship Hospital from June 2017 to February 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. Of the 14 patients, 8 were males and 6 were females. The age ranged from 14 to 74 years, including 7 cases of <60 years old and 7 cases of ≥60 years old. 7 patients (50.0%) had clinical manifestations. Four cases had multiple polyps and 10 cases (71.4%) had single polyps. There were 42 polyps (75.0%) located in the rectum, 13 (23.2%) in the sigmoid colon and 1 in the transverse colon. According to the classification of Yamada, 44 polyps (78.6%) were type Ⅰ, 3 polyps were type Ⅱ, 5 polyps were type Ⅲ and 4 polyps were type Ⅳ. Under endoscopy, there were 41 polyps (73.2%) with obvious white cap-like coverings on the surface and 23 polyps with obvious hyperemia and redness on the mucosa, 8 of which were both visible. Two cases were treated with ESD and 12 cases were treated with EMR, all of which were completely excised. No bleeding, perforation, infection or other complications occurred during and after operation. The clinical symptoms of 7 patients were relieved. During the follow-up period, 11 cases (78.6%) completed colonoscopy, and no polyp recurrence was found. In conclusion, there is no gender or age difference in patients of cap polyposis. It is usually single and located in the rectum and sigmoid colon with Yamada type Ⅰ. The surface of lesions is mostly covered with white cap. Patients may have no obvious clinical symptoms. Treatment of ESD and EMR is safe and effective for cap polyposis.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the dietary nutritional status of cadets in a military academy，and provide a point of reference for a balanced diet for the cadets.Methods:The physical condition of the cadets was measured by body mass index（BMI）. The dietary survey was carried out by weighing food method，then the daily intakes of food and nutrients per person，and the supply ratio of calorigenic nutrients were calculated. The blood biochemical indexes such as fasting blood glucose，uric acid，and total cholesterol were analyzed to evaluate the nutritional status of the cadets.Results:The average BMI score of the cadets was 22.1±1.7，and the cadets with the normal BMI accounted for 83.2%. The daily calorie intake of each cadet was 12.13 MJ，including 19.24% from proteins，45.94% from fats，and 34.82% from carbohydrates. The dietary structure featured high protein，high fat，and low carbohydrate. The intakes of grain，fish and shrimp，soybean，vegetables，fruits，edible mushrooms，and dried vegetables were insufficient，while the intake of poultry was excessive. The intake of vitamin B 1 was slightly insufficient，while the intakes of vitamin E and nicotinic acid were excessive. The intakes of sodium，phosphorus，iron，and selenium were too high，while the intakes of magnesium，calcium，and zinc were slightly insufficient. Among the cadets，0.76% of them had low fasting blood glucose，36.36% of them had hyperuricemia，and 7.58% and 3.03% of them had HDL-C and LDL-C at critical levels of excessiveness，respectively. Conclusion:The cadets have a variety of daily food intakes that provide them with enough calorie intakes，but the diet is not quite balanced due to improper intakes of some nutrients，therefore，the dietary nutrition education should be strengthened among the cadets.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the dietary nutritional status of cadets in a military academy，and provide a point of reference for a balanced diet for the cadets.Methods:The physical condition of the cadets was measured by body mass index（BMI）. The dietary survey was carried out by weighing food method，then the daily intakes of food and nutrients per person，and the supply ratio of calorigenic nutrients were calculated. The blood biochemical indexes such as fasting blood glucose，uric acid，and total cholesterol were analyzed to evaluate the nutritional status of the cadets.Results:The average BMI score of the cadets was 22.1±1.7，and the cadets with the normal BMI accounted for 83.2%. The daily calorie intake of each cadet was 12.13 MJ，including 19.24% from proteins，45.94% from fats，and 34.82% from carbohydrates. The dietary structure featured high protein，high fat，and low carbohydrate. The intakes of grain，fish and shrimp，soybean，vegetables，fruits，edible mushrooms，and dried vegetables were insufficient，while the intake of poultry was excessive. The intake of vitamin B 1 was slightly insufficient，while the intakes of vitamin E and nicotinic acid were excessive. The intakes of sodium，phosphorus，iron，and selenium were too high，while the intakes of magnesium，calcium，and zinc were slightly insufficient. Among the cadets，0.76% of them had low fasting blood glucose，36.36% of them had hyperuricemia，and 7.58% and 3.03% of them had HDL-C and LDL-C at critical levels of excessiveness，respectively. Conclusion:The cadets have a variety of daily food intakes that provide them with enough calorie intakes，but the diet is not quite balanced due to improper intakes of some nutrients，therefore，the dietary nutrition education should be strengthened among the cadets.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage after ischemia significantly influences stroke outcome. Compound LFHP-1c was previously discovered with neuroprotective role in stroke model, but its mechanism of action on protection of BBB disruption after stroke remains unknown. Here, we show that LFHP-1c, as a direct PGAM5 inhibitor, prevented BBB disruption after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats. Mechanistically, LFHP-1c binding with endothelial PGAM5 not only inhibited the PGAM5 phosphatase activity, but also reduced the interaction of PGAM5 with NRF2, which facilitated nuclear translocation of NRF2 to prevent BBB disruption from ischemia. Furthermore, LFHP-1c administration by targeting PGAM5 shows a trend toward reduced infarct volume, brain edema and neurological deficits in nonhuman primate

In most mammalian central nervous system diseases, axons are damaged.Due to the limited ability of damaged neurons to promote axonal regeneration, the formation of glial scar and the release of inhibitory nutrients, it is difficult to regenerate axons of damaged neurons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cerebroprotein hydrolysate for injection (II) (CBL) on neuritogenesis and its underlying mechanism. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the axon length of mouse neuroma cells (Neuro-2a) and mouse primary cortical neuronal cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of phosphorylated TrkB protein in Neuro-2a cells and mouse primary cortical neuronal cells. The results showed that CBL could increase the axon length of Neuro-2a cells or mouse primary cortical neuronal cells, and that the phosphorylation level of TrkB in neuronal cells was significantly increased when 5 μg/mL CBL was applied to neuronal cells for 1 h. In conclusion, CBL can promote neuritogenesis, and increase the expression of phosphorylated TrkB, which may be related to the activation of TrkB signaling pathway.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM-DWI MRI) in the evaluation of tumor vascular normalization in a mouse model of colorectal cancer induced by recombinant human endostatin (rhES). Methods: The CT26 colorectal cancer xenograft model of BALB/c mice were established and divided into rhES group and control group, with 20 mice in each group. The mice of rhES group were intravenously injected with rhES 5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 once daily for 12 days, while the mice of the control group were intravenously injected with the same volume of 0.9% saline. 5 mice of rhES group and control group were randomly selected to perform IVIM-DWI MRI as following times: before treatment and four, eight, twelve days after treatment. The parameters of IVIM-DWI were recorded, including true diffusion coefficient(D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D^*) and perfusion fraction (f). Meanwhile, microvessel density (MVD), pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion in tumor tissues were detected by immunofluorescence, respectively. Results: The tumor volumes of control group and rhES group before treatment were (154.42±24.65) mm³ and (174.24±28.27)mm^3, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P=0.440). From day 2 to day 12 after treatment, the tumor volume of rhES group was significantly smaller than that of control group (all P<0.05). There were no statistical significances of D value between the rhES group and control group before and after treatment (all P>0.05). The D^* values of the rhES group were (10.940±2.834)×10^-3mm²/s and (12.940±2.801)×10^-3mm²/s in day 4 and 8 after treatment respectively, significantly higher than (6.980±1.554)×10^-3mm²/s and (7.898±1.603)×10^-3mm²/s of control group (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with control group, the D^* value of rhES group was significantly lower in day 12 (6.848±1.460)×10^-3mm²/s vs (9.950±2.596)×10^-3mm²/s, (P<0.05). The f value of rhES group in day 8 was (0.226±0.021)%, significantly higher than (0.178±0.016)% of control group (P<0.01). The MVD of rhES group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05), while the pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion of rhES group were significantly higher than those of control group in day 4 and 8 after treatment (all P<0.05). In addition, we found D^* value of IVIM-DWI in rhES group was significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion (r=-0.354, r=0.555, r=0.559, all P<0.05). Meanwhile, the f value in rhES group was also significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion (r=-0.391, r=0.538, r=0.315, all P<0.05). Conclusions IVIM-DWI MRI can effectively evaluate the vascular normalization in rhES-induced CT26 colorectal tumor.The parameters D^* and f are closely related to intratumorally microvessel density, pericyte coverage and perfusion, which can effectively monitor the occurrence of tumor vascular normalization time.