Polyorchidism is a rare congenital malformation of the urogenital system, in which a man has three or more testes, and the excess testes are usually located in the scrotum. A case of polyorchidism was reported in this paper. The patient presented with a scrotal mass, and ultrasonography showed an echogenic mass resembling testicular tissue in the right scrotum. A palpable mass in the right lower pole of the testis was found during the operation and completely removed. Pathological examination showed that the nodule parenchyma was seminiferous tubules under the microscope, and the nodule was covered with a white structure, which was considered as polytorchidism. Six months after the operation, the bilateral testis and epididymis were normal.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effect of injection of indocyanine green(ICG)through peripheral vein and gallbladder in laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)of difficult gallbladder.Methods Patients with difficult gallbladder who underwent LC by the same surgical team from May to October 2023 in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology were divided into three groups according to A random number table.Group A was injected ICG through peripheral vein before operation,group B was injected ICG through gallbladder during operation,and group C was the control group.The differences of operation time,intraoperative blood loss,hospitalization time,hospitalization cost and postoperative complications among the three groups were compared,and the effects of fluorescence mode cholangio-gram in group A and group B were compared.One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the normal distri-bution of the measurement data among groups,and LSD-t test was used to compare the two groups.The counting data was compared by chi-square test.The Boferroni test was appied to compare the two groups.Results There were no differences in length of stay,hospitalization cost and postoperative complications among the three groups(P＞0.05).The operative time and intraoperative blood loss of group A and group B were lower than those of group C(P＜0.05),but there was no difference between group A and group B(P＞0.05).The total imaging rate of the first three tubes of free gallbladder triangle(early stage)in group A was 41.67%,which was significantly lower than that in group B(63.89%)(P＜0.05).Conclusion ICG is beneficial for the identification of extrahepatic bile duct structures during LC of difficult gallbladder,and ICG injection through the gallbladder is helpful for the early identification of extrahepatic bile duct.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

Objective To explore the current application of high-throughput drug sensitivity(HDS)testing in children with relapsed and refractory acute leukemia(RR-AL)and analyze the feasibility of salvage treatment plans.Methods A retrospective collection of clinical data from children with RR-AL who underwent HDS testing at the Department of Children's Hematology and Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from November 2021 to October 2023 was conducted,followed by an analysis of drug sensitivity results and treatment outcomes.Results A total of 17 children with RR-AL underwent HDS testing,including 7 cases of relapsed refractory acute myeloid leukemia and 10 cases of relapsed refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia.The detection rate of highly sensitive chemotherapy drugs/regimens was 53%(9/17),while the detection rate of moderately sensitive chemotherapy drugs/regimens was 100%(17/17).Among the 17 RR-AL patients with highly and moderately sensitive chemotherapy drugs and regimens,the MOACD regimen(mitoxantrone+vincristine+cytarabine+cyclophosphamide+dexamethasone)accounted for 100%,with the highest inhibition rate for single-agent mitoxantrone(94%,16/17),and the highest inhibition rate for targeted therapy being bortezomib(94%,16/17).Nine patients adjusted their chemotherapy based on HDS testing results,with 4 undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Four patients achieved disease-free survival,while 5 died.Eight patients received empirical chemotherapy,with 2 undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation;4 achieved disease-free survival,while 4 died.Conclusions HDS testing can identify highly sensitive drugs/regimens for children with RR-AL,improving the rate of re-remission and creating conditions for subsequent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Six compounds were isolated from the roots of Ephedra sinica Stapf using various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as (Z)-docosanylferulate (1), (E)-docosanylferulate (2), bis (2-ethylheptyl) phythalate (3), 2,2′-oxybis (1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene) (4), diisobutyl phthalate (5), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (6). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, compounds 2-4 were first isolated from Ephedra. A corticosterone-induced PC-12 cell injury model was used for compound activity screening. The results showed that compounds 1 and 5 significantly improved corticosterone-induced PC-12 cell injury and significantly increased 5-HT₇ receptor protein expression in the cells, indicating potential antidepressant activity.

This paper summarized Professor PENG Peichu's experience in the differentiation and treatment of prostate cancer in three phases and four stages. It is considered that prostatic cancer is categorized into root deficiency and branch excess， with depletion of healthy qi as the root， and the accumulation of cancer toxin as the minifestation. Clinical diagnosis and treatment of prostatic cancer can be divided into three phases and four stages according to the exuberance and decline of pathogenic and healthy qi and the changes of deficiency and excess of yin and yang. In the initial accumulation phase of cancer toxin （yang excess stage）， the key pathogenesis is the accumulation of dampness， heat and static blood， and internal generation of cancer toxin， and the treatment should be resolving toxins， fighting cancer and dispelling yang excess. In the phase of healthy qi deficiency and toxin accumulation （yin deficiency stage）， with the lung and kidney yin deficiency， dampness， heat and static toxin accumulation as the key pathogenesis， the treatment should be centered on mutual generation between metal and water to nourish kidney yin， supplemented with the method of clearing heat and draining dampness， activating blood and resolving toxins， for which self-made Nanbei Formula（南北方）is usually used. In the phase of yang deficiency and cold stagnation （yang deficiency stage and yin excess stage）， with the spleen and kidney yang deficiency， cold dampness stagnation， static heat and toxin accumulation as the key pathogenesis， the treatment should be warming and tonifying spleen and kidney to dissipate cold accumulation； for deficiency of both yin and yang， and excess pathogen obstruction， modified Yanghe Decoction（阳和汤） is recommended， while for yang deficiency， cold congealing and blood stasis， self-made Wenshen Sanjie Formula（温肾散结方） can be used， and for cold dampness binding with cancer toxin， and cold complex with heat， self-made Quanan Formula （泉安方） is advised.

Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing. Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing. Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing. Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.

AIM:To explore the correlation and consistency of three tear assessment methods in the diagnosis of dry eye, which include the Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt), tear meniscus height(TMH)measurement and a new generation of tear detection technology-Strip meniscometry tube(SMTube).METHODS: A diagnostic test study. A total of 183 dry eye outpatients(183 right eyes)in the Dry Eye Center of Henan Eye Hospital were enrolled from May to June 2021. The SⅠt, TMH and SMTube were performed on all patients, and the correlation and consistency of the measurement results were analyzed.RESULTS:The ocular surface disease index(OSDI)of all included patients was 43.75(31.25, 58.33), noninvasive breakup time(NIBUT)was 7.26(4.97, 9.37)s, and the results of SⅠt, TMH and SMTube were 6(2, 12)mm/5min, 0.18(0.14, 0.22)mm and 5(3,8)mm/5s, respectively; The results of correlation analysis: TMH was positively correlated with SMTube(rs=0.751, P<0.001), however, SⅠt had no correlation with TMH(rs=0.139, P=0.060)and SMTube(rs=0.019, P=0.799). The results of consistency analysis: TMH showed good consistency with SMTube(Kappa=0.794, P=0.044), however, SⅠt showed poor consistency with TMH(Kappa=0.271, P=0.074)and SMTube(Kappa=0.193, P=0.070)respectively.CONCLUSION:SMTube is a new, simple and convenient tool for evaluating tear volume. It has a good correlation and consistency with TMH measurement results. Therefore, it can replace TMH measurement, but cannot replace SⅠt in clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the safety of human purified Vero cell rabies vaccine(PVRV)after exposure in China by Meta-analysis.Methods With rabies,vaccine and safety as key words,a systematic search was performed in PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),supplemented by manual retrieval.A Meta-analysis was performed to analyze the incidence of adverse events of two immunization regimens Zagreb and Essen using Review Manager 5.4 software after literature screening and data extraction according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results A total of 12 studies were included,of which 7 were prospective studies and 5 were retrospective studies.Most included in the studies showed a low risk of bias.The incidence of adverse events in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen[relative risk(RR)= 1.01,95% CI = 0.90 ～ 1.14;I2= 73.00%,P<0.05],but there was a high degree of heterogeneity.The incidence of fever,pain and induration in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen(RR = 1.14,0.92 and 0.86,95% CI = 0.82 ～ 1.60,0.73 ～ 1.14 and 0.29 ～ 2.51;I2= 73.00%,P<0.05],but there was a high degree of heterogeneity.The incidence of fever,pain and induration in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen(RR = 1.14,0.92 and 0.86,95% CI = 0.82 ～ 1.60,0.73 ～ 1.14 and 0.29 ～ 2.51;I2= 81%,65% and 92%,respectively,P<0.01).Conclusion Two regimens of PVRV vaccination after exposure showed good safety.However,when adopting Zagreb regimen,attention should be paid to the physical conditions of children and the elderly with relatively poor immunity to avoid adverse events.

The paper presents professor WU Han-qing's experience in treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with "sinew-bone three needling technique" of Chinese medicine. Based on the theory of meridian sinew, the points are located by "three-pass method" in terms of the distribution of meridian sinew and syndrome/pattern differentiation. The cord-like muscles and adhesion are relieved by relaxing technique to work directly on the affected sites and alleviate the local compression to the nerve root. The needle technique is operated flexibly according to the affected regions involved, due to which, the needling sensation is increased while the safety ensured. As a result, the meridian qi is enhanced, the mind and qi circulation is regulated; and the clinical effect is improved.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/therapy* ; Meridians ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; Acupuncture Points