Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck malignancy. Approximately 50% to 60% of patients with OSCC are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage (clinical staging III-IVa). Even with comprehensive and sequential treatment primarily based on surgery, the 5-year overall survival rate remains below 50%, and patients often suffer from postoperative functional impairments such as difficulties with speaking and swallowing. Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are increasingly used in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC and have shown encouraging efficacy. However, clinical practice still faces key challenges, including the definition of indications, optimization of combination regimens, and standards for efficacy evaluation. Based on the latest research advances worldwide and the clinical experience of the expert group, this expert consensus systematically evaluates the application of PD-1 inhibitors in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC, covering combination strategies, treatment cycles and surgical timing, efficacy assessment, use of biomarkers, management of special populations and immune related adverse events, principles for immunotherapy rechallenge, and function preservation strategies. After multiple rounds of panel discussion and through anonymous voting using the Delphi method, the following consensus statements have been formulated: 1) Neoadjuvant therapy with PD-1 inhibitors can be used preoperatively in patients with locally advanced OSCC. The preferred regimen is a PD-1 inhibitor combined with platinum based chemotherapy, administered for 2-3 cycles. 2) During the efficacy evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy, radiographic assessment should follow the dual criteria of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 and immune RECIST (iRECIST). After surgery, systematic pathological evaluation of both the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes is required. For combination chemotherapy regimens, PD-L1 expression and combined positive score need not be used as mandatory inclusion or exclusion criteria. 3) For special populations such as the elderly (≥ 70 years), individuals with stable HIV viral load, and carriers of chronic HBV/HCV, PD-1 inhibitors may be used cautiously under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team (MDT), with close monitoring for adverse events. 4) For patients with a poor response to neoadjuvant therapy, continuation of the original treatment regimen is not recommended; the subsequent treatment plan should be adjusted promptly after MDT assessment. Organ transplant recipients and patients with active autoimmune diseases are not recommended to receive neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy due to the high risk of immune related activation. Rechallenge is generally not advised for patients who have experienced high risk immune related adverse events such as immune mediated myocarditis, neurotoxicity, or pneumonitis. 5) For patients with a good pathological response, individualized de escalation surgery and function preservation strategies can be explored. This consensus aims to promote the standardized, safe, and precise application of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor strategies in the management of locally advanced OSCC patients.

Objective:To explore the method for selecting characteristic prices of Chinese patent medicines based on informa-tion entropy theory.It involves analyzing the connotative differences among various price indicators and utilizing information entropy metrics to validate the scientific rigor of characteristic price selection so as to optimize the pricing model for Chinese patent medi-cines and improve the accuracy of price evaluation.Methods:A correlation analysis and information entropy calculation are con-ducted on the median price of the smallest preparation unit,average daily cost,and average course cost of TCM.It compares the information diversity and uncertainty of different pricing indicators.Results:The average daily cost exhibits the highest information diversity and uncertainty among all the pricing indicators examined.Conclusion:It is recommended that the average daily cost be used as the dependent variable for characteristic prices in TCM pricing research.This choice plays an important role in optimizing TCM pricing models and enhancing the accuracy of price evaluation.

Objective:To establish a scientific,systematic,and objective indicator system for the characteristic price variables of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines(TCPM),providing a reference framework for the pricing mechanism of TCPM.Methods:The brainstorming method was initially used to screen related variable indicators.The Nominal Group Technique(NGT)and Delphi methods were applied to gather expert opinions,and SPSS 28.0 was employed for data statistical analysis.It led to the development of a TCPM characteristic price variable indicator system consisting of 6 dimensions,14 characteristic variables and 26 measurement indicators.Results:The authority coefficient of the experts exceeded 0.7,indicating the representativeness of the results.Expert opinions were generally concentrated.Based on the collected opinions and statistical analysis,the scope of selected TCPM characteristic price variables was preliminarily established.Conclusion:The TCPM characteristic price variable indicator system was initially developed.However,due to the complexity of the pricing mechanism and divergent expert opinions,further qualitative and quantitative research methods,along with a dynamic adjustment mechanism,are needed to verify and refine the system.

Objective To evaluate the viral composition in respiratory samples from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Yancheng，Jiangsu province，between January 2024 and June 2025 using metagenomic next-generation sequencing（mNGS）.Methods:A total of 247 respiratory specimens，including throat swabs，sputum，and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid，were collected from 247 hospitalized children in Yancheng，Jiangsu province，during the study period. The viral composition in these samples was detected and analyzed using mNGS technology.Results:Among the 247 cases，there were 136 cases of pneumonia（including 4 cases of severe pneumonia），45 cases of bronchopneumonia，27 cases of upper respiratory tract infection，and 39 cases of bronchitis. The ages of the patients ranged from 41 days to 14 years，with a median age of 3 years. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the positive detection rate for viruses in the respiratory samples was 89.88%（222/247），The detection rate of viruses causing respiratory tract infections was 69.23%（171/247），With RNA viruses detected in 71.65%（177/247）of the cases and DNA viruses in 43.32%（107/247）. The top three viruses detected were rhinovirus（24.29%，60/247），human herpesvirus 7（HHV-7）（21.86%，54/247），and influenza A H1N1（20.24%，50/247）. The common detected viruses that cause respiratory infections are rhinovirus（24.29%），influenza A virus H1N1（20.24%），RSV（17.81%），metapneumovirus（10.53%），enterovirus（6.88%），parainfluenza virus（6.07%），bocavirus（6.07%），coronavirus（2.43%），and adenovirus（2.43%）. In children with pneumonia，the top two respiratory viruses detected were rhinovirus（19.85%，27/136）and influenza A H1N1（16.91%，23/136）. In children with bronchopneumonia，the main viruses detected were rhinovirus（31.11%，14/45）and respiratory syncytial virus（24.44%，11/45）. In children with upper respiratory tract infections，the main viruses detected were influenza A H1N1（33.33%，9/27）and rhinovirus（25.93%，7/27）. In children with bronchitis，the main viruses detected were rhinovirus（30.77%，12/39）and respiratory syncytial virus（25.64%，10/39）. Among the 4 cases of severe pneumonia，the viruses detected were influenza A H1N1（2/4），respiratory syncytial virus（1/4），and bocavirus（1/4）.Conclusion:mNGS analysis revealed a high positive detection rate of respiratory viruses（89.88%）in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Yancheng，Jiangsu，from January 2024 to June 2025，with influenza A H1N1 and rhinovirus being the most predominant.

Objective:To explore the method for selecting characteristic prices of Chinese patent medicines based on informa-tion entropy theory.It involves analyzing the connotative differences among various price indicators and utilizing information entropy metrics to validate the scientific rigor of characteristic price selection so as to optimize the pricing model for Chinese patent medi-cines and improve the accuracy of price evaluation.Methods:A correlation analysis and information entropy calculation are con-ducted on the median price of the smallest preparation unit,average daily cost,and average course cost of TCM.It compares the information diversity and uncertainty of different pricing indicators.Results:The average daily cost exhibits the highest information diversity and uncertainty among all the pricing indicators examined.Conclusion:It is recommended that the average daily cost be used as the dependent variable for characteristic prices in TCM pricing research.This choice plays an important role in optimizing TCM pricing models and enhancing the accuracy of price evaluation.

Objective:To establish a scientific,systematic,and objective indicator system for the characteristic price variables of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines(TCPM),providing a reference framework for the pricing mechanism of TCPM.Methods:The brainstorming method was initially used to screen related variable indicators.The Nominal Group Technique(NGT)and Delphi methods were applied to gather expert opinions,and SPSS 28.0 was employed for data statistical analysis.It led to the development of a TCPM characteristic price variable indicator system consisting of 6 dimensions,14 characteristic variables and 26 measurement indicators.Results:The authority coefficient of the experts exceeded 0.7,indicating the representativeness of the results.Expert opinions were generally concentrated.Based on the collected opinions and statistical analysis,the scope of selected TCPM characteristic price variables was preliminarily established.Conclusion:The TCPM characteristic price variable indicator system was initially developed.However,due to the complexity of the pricing mechanism and divergent expert opinions,further qualitative and quantitative research methods,along with a dynamic adjustment mechanism,are needed to verify and refine the system.

Objective To evaluate the viral composition in respiratory samples from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Yancheng，Jiangsu province，between January 2024 and June 2025 using metagenomic next-generation sequencing（mNGS）.Methods:A total of 247 respiratory specimens，including throat swabs，sputum，and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid，were collected from 247 hospitalized children in Yancheng，Jiangsu province，during the study period. The viral composition in these samples was detected and analyzed using mNGS technology.Results:Among the 247 cases，there were 136 cases of pneumonia（including 4 cases of severe pneumonia），45 cases of bronchopneumonia，27 cases of upper respiratory tract infection，and 39 cases of bronchitis. The ages of the patients ranged from 41 days to 14 years，with a median age of 3 years. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the positive detection rate for viruses in the respiratory samples was 89.88%（222/247），The detection rate of viruses causing respiratory tract infections was 69.23%（171/247），With RNA viruses detected in 71.65%（177/247）of the cases and DNA viruses in 43.32%（107/247）. The top three viruses detected were rhinovirus（24.29%，60/247），human herpesvirus 7（HHV-7）（21.86%，54/247），and influenza A H1N1（20.24%，50/247）. The common detected viruses that cause respiratory infections are rhinovirus（24.29%），influenza A virus H1N1（20.24%），RSV（17.81%），metapneumovirus（10.53%），enterovirus（6.88%），parainfluenza virus（6.07%），bocavirus（6.07%），coronavirus（2.43%），and adenovirus（2.43%）. In children with pneumonia，the top two respiratory viruses detected were rhinovirus（19.85%，27/136）and influenza A H1N1（16.91%，23/136）. In children with bronchopneumonia，the main viruses detected were rhinovirus（31.11%，14/45）and respiratory syncytial virus（24.44%，11/45）. In children with upper respiratory tract infections，the main viruses detected were influenza A H1N1（33.33%，9/27）and rhinovirus（25.93%，7/27）. In children with bronchitis，the main viruses detected were rhinovirus（30.77%，12/39）and respiratory syncytial virus（25.64%，10/39）. Among the 4 cases of severe pneumonia，the viruses detected were influenza A H1N1（2/4），respiratory syncytial virus（1/4），and bocavirus（1/4）.Conclusion:mNGS analysis revealed a high positive detection rate of respiratory viruses（89.88%）in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Yancheng，Jiangsu，from January 2024 to June 2025，with influenza A H1N1 and rhinovirus being the most predominant.

To reduce the subjectivity and uncertainty present in the current international methods of drug value pricing when converting value into monetary prices,based on the hedonic pricing theory,it considers the post-negotiation price between manufacturers and payers as a reasonable price reference in the value pricing of Chinese patent medicine.By constructing an indicator system for the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine,it selects and measures the value characteristic variables that affect the price of Chinese patent medicine.It serves as the theoretical foundation and research basis for establishing a Hedonic price model between characteristic price variables and negotiation prices,thereby promoting the enhancement of rationality and objectivity in value-guided pricing of Chinese patent medicine.

To reduce the subjectivity and uncertainty present in the current international methods of drug value pricing when converting value into monetary prices,based on the hedonic pricing theory,it considers the post-negotiation price between manufacturers and payers as a reasonable price reference in the value pricing of Chinese patent medicine.By constructing an indicator system for the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine,it selects and measures the value characteristic variables that affect the price of Chinese patent medicine.It serves as the theoretical foundation and research basis for establishing a Hedonic price model between characteristic price variables and negotiation prices,thereby promoting the enhancement of rationality and objectivity in value-guided pricing of Chinese patent medicine.