OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of lengthened proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and InterTan in the treatment of subtrochanteric femur fractures in the elderly. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 65 elderly patients diagnosed with subtrochanteric femoral fractures who met the inclusion criteria between October 2016 and January 2022. The enrolled patients were categorized into two groups according to the type of internal fixation used: the lengthened proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA) group and the InterTan group. There were 32 patients in the PFNA group, comprising 20 males and 12 females, with ages ranging from 60 to 85 years old with an average of (69.3±6.7 ) years old. Among these patients, 15 patients resulted from traffic accidents and 17 patients were caused by falls. According to the Seinsheimer classification system, there were 11 patients as type Ⅱ, 14 patients as type Ⅲ, 6 patients as type Ⅳ, and 1 patient as type Ⅴ. The InterTan group comprised 33 patients, including 20 males and 13 females, aged from 60 to 85 years old with an average of (69.8±7.8 ) years old. Of these, 15 patients resulted from traffic accidents, while 18 patients were caused by falls. According to the Seinsheimer classification system, 10 patients as type Ⅱ, 15 patients as type Ⅲ, 7 patients as type Ⅳ, and 1 patient as type Ⅴ. The intraoperative blood loss, operative duration, and fracture healing time were recorded and compared between two groups. The quality of fracture reduction was assessed using Chang's criteria. Additionally, the Harris hip score was utilized to evaluate hip function in both groups at 3 months postoperatively and at the final follow-up. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for a period ranging from 10 to 20 months with an average of (14.6±4.5) months. No statistically significant differences were observed between two groups in terms of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, quality of fracture reduction, or reduction methods (P>0.05). Three months after the surgery, the Harris hip score in the InterTan group was 80.0(78.0, 83.5) points, which was significantly higher than that in the PFNA group, which recorded a score of 77.5(75.0, 81.8) points. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). At the final follow-up, the Harris hip score in the InterTan group was 80.0(76.5, 87.0), while that in the PFNA group was 78.0(74.3, 82.8). No statistically significant difference was observed between two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The use of lengthened PFNA and InterTan in the treatment of elderly subtrochanteric femur fractures can both achieve good treatment results, with the advantages of simple operation, firm fixation, and low failure rate of internal fixation. The lengthened InterTan can achieve better hip function than PFNA.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Nails ; Retrospective Studies ; Hip Fractures/surgery* ; Middle Aged ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/instrumentation* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Femoral Fractures/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of retrograde tibial nailing (RTN) and distal tibial L-shaped plating in the internal fixation of distal tibial fractures. METHODS: Fourteen fresh adult tibia specimens were selected, comprising 7 males and 7 females aged from 34 to 55 years old. The specimens were randomly divided into experimental group and control group by numerical table method with 7 specimens in each group. RTN was used for internal fixation of distal tibial fractures in the experimental group, and L-shaped plate was used for internal fixation of distal tibial fractures in the control group. The axial compression properties of the two groups of specimens were tested under the pressure of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 N after operation, and torsional resistance at torque levels of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 N·m. The anti-fatigue performance of the specimens was tested at 500 N pressure for 3 000 and 10 000 cycles. X-ray fluoroscopy was performed to observe whether the the internal fixator was deformed and whether the screw was loosened or broken. RESULTS: When the pressure was 400 N and 500 N, the axial compression displacement of the experimental group was (1.11±0.06) mm and (1.24±0.05) mm, which were smaller than those of the control group (1.21±0.08) mm and (1.37±0.11) mm, and the differences were statistically signific (P<0.05). Under the pressure of 500 N, the axial compression stiffness of the experimental group was (389.24±17.79) N·mm^-1, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (362.37±14.44) N·mm^-1(P<0.05). When the torque was 4 and 5 N·m, the torsion angles of the experimental group were (2.97±0.23) ° and (3.41±0.17) °, which were smaller than those of the control group (3.31±0.28) ° and (3.76±0.20) °, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). When the torque was 5 N·m, the torsional stiffness of the experimental group was (1.48±0.07) N·m per degree, which was higher than that of the control group (1.36±0.06) N·m per degree, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). For the intragroup comparison of fatigue resistance, the differences in axial compression displacement between the two groups were not statistically significant at 3 000 and 10 000 cycles (all P>0.05). When 3 000 times and 10 000 times of compression, the axial compression displacement of the experimental group was (1.38±0.08), (1.43±0.07) mm, which was smaller than that of the control group (1.51±0.10), (1.54±0.08) mm, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In the experimental group, no screw loosening, fracture or internal fixation deformation was found, while in the control group, locking screw loosening occurred in 2 models after 10 000 pressures. CONCLUSION The biomechanical performance of RTN is obviously better than that of the distal tibial L-shaped plate, which provides biomechanical data support for the clinical application of RTN.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Tibial Fractures/physiopathology* ; Middle Aged ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Plates ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Bone Nails ; Tibia/surgery*

To evaluate e-cigarette vaping-induced respiratory toxicity and the interventional effects of air cleaners. A randomized controlled trial study of toxic vaping by the respiratory tract were conducted at the Key Laboratory of Environmental Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, the School of Public Health, Southeast University from January to December 2022. 8-week-old male C57BL/6JGpt mice selected with a random number table method were used to establish a vaping-exposure model at different periods (0 d, 3 d, 7 d or 14 d), or exposed to clean air as a control group. Mice were exposed to regular heated vaping (200 ℃) and high-temperature heated vaping (280 ℃). Total lung RNA was extracted from control and e-cigarette exposed mice for transcriptome sequencing analysis. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry. Total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and superoxide (O^2-) were evaluated using a microplate reader. Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect gene expression. Air filter and ionizer were used to intervene the toxicity of vaping. Data were expressed as (x¯±s), differences between multiple groups were compared using one-way or two-way ANOVA. The results showed that, RNA sequencing assays suggested that the differential genes between the control and vaping exposure groups were significantly enriched in the oxidative stress (Fold Enrichment=3.18) and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) (Fold Enrichment=5.74) pathways. Both types of heated vaping exposure caused significantly increased the score of alveolitis (F=10.8, P<0.001), increased endogenous ROS generation (F=16.8, P<0.001), decreased MMP (F=13.6, P<0.01), and gene expression of mitochondrial complex I dysfunction. The toxic effects of high-temperature heated vaping were stronger compared to regular heated vaping (F=2.9, P<0.05). The filter demonstrated better protective effects against vaping than the ionizer by reducing pulmonary alveolitis (F=7.4, P<0.01). Air cleaners could partially alleviate oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, this study demonstrate that vaping brings potential health risks. Air cleaners could partially reverse mitochondrial dysfunction, but cannot completely prevent the toxic effects, effective interventions remain to be investigated.
Humans ; Male ; Animals ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Vaping ; Mitochondrial Diseases

To evaluate e-cigarette vaping-induced respiratory toxicity and the interventional effects of air cleaners. A randomized controlled trial study of toxic vaping by the respiratory tract were conducted at the Key Laboratory of Environmental Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, the School of Public Health, Southeast University from January to December 2022. 8-week-old male C57BL/6JGpt mice selected with a random number table method were used to establish a vaping-exposure model at different periods (0 d, 3 d, 7 d or 14 d), or exposed to clean air as a control group. Mice were exposed to regular heated vaping (200 ℃) and high-temperature heated vaping (280 ℃). Total lung RNA was extracted from control and e-cigarette exposed mice for transcriptome sequencing analysis. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry. Total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and superoxide (O^2-) were evaluated using a microplate reader. Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect gene expression. Air filter and ionizer were used to intervene the toxicity of vaping. Data were expressed as (x¯±s), differences between multiple groups were compared using one-way or two-way ANOVA. The results showed that, RNA sequencing assays suggested that the differential genes between the control and vaping exposure groups were significantly enriched in the oxidative stress (Fold Enrichment=3.18) and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) (Fold Enrichment=5.74) pathways. Both types of heated vaping exposure caused significantly increased the score of alveolitis (F=10.8, P<0.001), increased endogenous ROS generation (F=16.8, P<0.001), decreased MMP (F=13.6, P<0.01), and gene expression of mitochondrial complex I dysfunction. The toxic effects of high-temperature heated vaping were stronger compared to regular heated vaping (F=2.9, P<0.05). The filter demonstrated better protective effects against vaping than the ionizer by reducing pulmonary alveolitis (F=7.4, P<0.01). Air cleaners could partially alleviate oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, this study demonstrate that vaping brings potential health risks. Air cleaners could partially reverse mitochondrial dysfunction, but cannot completely prevent the toxic effects, effective interventions remain to be investigated.
Humans ; Male ; Animals ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Vaping ; Mitochondrial Diseases

OBJECTIVE: To detect the body surface temperature of the relevant back-shu points in patients with chronic persistent asthma by infrared thermal imaging technology, and observe the specific changes of the body surface temperature of the relevant back-shu points under the condition of lung disease. METHODS: Forty-five patients with chronic persistent asthma (observation group) and 45 healthy subjects (control group) were selected. The body surface temperature of bilateral Feishu (BL 13), Geshu (BL 17), Pishu (BL 20) and Shenshu (BL 23) were measured by BK-MT02A medical infrared thermography. RESULTS: The body surface temperature of bilateral Feishu (BL 13), Geshu (BL 17), Pishu (BL 20) and Shenshu (BL 23) in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The body surface temperature of bilateral Feishu (BL 13) and Geshu (BL 17) was higher than that of ipsilateral Pishu (BL 20) and Shenshu (BL 23) in the two groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in body surface temperature between ipsilateral Feishu (BL 13) and Geshu (BL 17), between ipsilateral Pishu (BL 20) and Shenshu (BL 23) (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The pathological increase of body surface temperature of Feishu (BL 13), Geshu (BL 17), Pishu (BL 20) and Shenshu (BL 23) in patients with chronic persistent asthma indicates that above acupoints have specificity in reflecting lung diseases. The Feishu (BL 13) and Geshu (BL 17), which have significantly increased body surface temperature, not only provide objective basis for the pathological pathogenesis of "deficiency in origin and excess in symptom" in patients with chronic persistent asthma, but also reflect the different expressions of different acupoints on the same meridian for the lung diseases.
Humans ; Temperature ; Asthma/diagnostic imaging* ; Meridians ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods*

21-hydroxylase deficiency(21-OHD) is mainly characterized by cortisol deficiency with or without aldosterone deficiency and hyperandrogenemia.The disease requires lifelong exogenous glucocorticoid/salt supplementation.Excessive doses of exogenous glucocorticoids are often needed to control hyperandrogenemia, but the effect is not satisfactory.Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) type 1 receptor antagonist can directly block the production of adrenocorticotropin, inhibit the generation of adrenogenic androgen, reduce the dose of glucocorticoid therapy, and thus lower the incidence of adverse reactions.In this article, the current research progress on 21-OHD therapy and CRF1 receptor antagonist was reviewed.

Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics* ; Microspheres ; Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology* ; Mutation ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Fluoroquinolones ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics* ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology*

Panax notoginseng contains triterpene saponins, flavonoids, amino acids, polysaccharides, volatile oil and other active components, which have the effects of promoting blood circulation, stopping bleeding, removing blood stasis, etc. This study summarized the herbal research, chemical constituents and main pharmacological activities of P. notoginseng, and based on the theory of Q-markers of traditional Chinese medicine, predicted and analyzed the Q-markers of P. notoginseng from the aspects of plant kinship, efficacy, drug properties, measurability of chemical components, etc. It was found that ginsenosides Rg_1, Re, and Rb_1 with specific content ratio, ginsenosides Rb_2, Rb_3, Rc, Rd, Rh_2, and Rg_3, notoginseng R_1, dencichine and quercetin could be used as potential Q-markers of P. notoginseng, which facilitated the formulation of quality standards reflecting the efficacy of P. notoginseng.
Panax notoginseng/chemistry* ; Ginsenosides/analysis* ; Saponins/analysis* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Panax/chemistry*

Chinese medicine (CM) has thousands of years of experience in prevention of diseases. As for CM, people's constitution is closely related to their health status, thus recognition of CM constitution is the fundamental and core content of research on constitution types. With development of technologies such as sensors, artificial intelligence and big data, objectification of the four diagnostic methods of CM has gradually matured, bringing changes in the mindset and innovations in technical means for recognition of CM constitution. This paper presents a systematic review of the latest research trends in constitution recognition based on objectification of diagnostic methods in CM.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Artificial Intelligence ; Health Status ; Body Constitution

Objective To evaluate the effects of early exercise intervention in patients who have undergone primary isolated valve surgery. Methods Forty patients scheduled for mitral, aortic, and/or tricuspid valve surgery were allocated to receive a supervised exercise intervention consisting of cycling for 3 min/d at the bedside after operation (intervention group, n=20, mean age [49.05±3.728] years) or to receive no exercise intervention (control group, n=20, mean age [47.95 ± 3.214] years). Oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured by pulse oximetry continuously before and after the 6-minute walk test. Psycho-educational counseling was provided, and patients were assessed using standard patient questionnaires. Results The arterial SpO2 level increased significantly in the intervention group after exercise compared with the control group (P<0.05). Heart rate returned to baseline in the intervention group postoperatively and was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions A small amount of supervised cycling exercise at the bedside is a safe activity that may improve peripheral arterial SpO2 and reduce heart rate to the baseline level following longer distance walk before discharge in patients who have undergone isolated valve surgery.