Carbon dioxide(CO2),a colorless,odorless,low-density negative contrast agent with no nephrotoxicity or allergic reactions,has seen increasingly widespread application in the field of vascular imaging in recent years,particularly in patients with iodine allergy or renal insufficiency.When combined with digital subtraction angiography,CO2 angiography has demonstrated high-quality imaging in various arterial and venous sites such as the abdominal aorta,renal arteries,iliac arteries,lower limb arteries,and inferior vena cava.It has also shown safety and efficacy in clinical scenarios such as peripheral arterial disease,dialysis access evaluation,and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedures.This review systematically summarizes domestic and international research progress on CO2 angiography,outlines its physicochemical properties,injection dosages and parameters,clinical indications,and imaging characteristics,and compares its image quality with that of iodine-based contrast agents.Common complications,their mechanisms,and preventive measures are also discussed.Although the image quality of CO2 is slightly inferior to that of iodine agents,it remains sufficient for most diagnostic and therapeutic needs,with a low overall incidence of mainly mild and transient adverse effects.With the development of automated injection systems and digital variance angiography technology,CO2 imaging quality is expected to continue improving,and its application scope is likely to expand further.Future efforts should focus on strengthening multicenter clinical research and establishing standardized operational protocols to promote the broader adoption and regulated use of this technology.

Objective:To investigate the role of platelet-derived zyxin in promoting tumor migration by platelets.Methods:The gene expression profile of platelets was analyzed from cancer patients by using the GEO database.Isolated platelets from wild-type(WT)and Zyx-/-mice were co-cultured with B16F10 cells labeled with green fluorescence to investigate the influence of zyxin deficiency on tumor cell migration,invasion,and wound healing.Optical microscopy was employed to evaluate the impact of zyxin deficiency on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in B16F10 cells induced by platelets.Employing specific markers to label platelets,fluorescence confocal microscopy was utilized to investigate the impact of platelet-derived zyxin on the binding between tumor cells and platelets.And an aggregometer was employed to observe the influence of zyxin deficiency on tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation.Results:Compared to platelets from healthy volunteers,zyxin was upregulated in platelets from cancer patients.Zyx-/-mouse platelets exhibited a significant reduction in tumor cell invasion and migration,impaired wound healing,and delayed tumor cell EMT compared to WT mouse platelets.Additionally,zyxin deficiency attenuated the interaction between platelets and tumor cells,and diminished the capacity for tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation.Conclusion:Platelet-derived zyxin deficiency diminishes platelet-tumor cell interactions and weakens the ability of tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation,ultimately suppressing tumor cell migration.

In-depth study of the components of polymyxins is the key to controlling the quality of this class of antibiotics. Similarities and variations of components present significant analytical challenges. A two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometr (LC-MS) method was established for screening and comprehensive profiling of compositions of the antibiotic colistimethate sodium (CMS). A high concentration of phosphate buffer mobile phase was used in the first-dimensional LC system to get the components well separated. For efficient and high-accuracy screening of CMS, a targeted method based on a self-constructed high resolution (HR) mass spectrum database of CMS components was established. The database was built based on the commercial MassHunter Personal Compound Database and Library (PCDL) software and its accuracy of the compound matching result was verified with six known components before being applied to genuine sample screening. On this basis, the unknown peaks in the CMS chromatograms were deduced and assigned. The molecular formula, group composition, and origins of a total of 99 compounds, of which the combined area percentage accounted for more than 95% of CMS components, were deduced by this 2D-LC-MS method combined with the MassHunter PCDL. This profiling method was highly efficient and could distinguish hundreds of components within 3 h, providing reliable results for quality control of this kind of complex drugs.

Ecological cultivation is an important way for the sustainable production of traditional Chinese medicine in the context of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Facility cultivation and simulative habitat cultivation modes have been developed and applied to develop the endangered Dendrobium huoshanense on the basis of protection. However, the differences in the greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential of these cultivation modes remain unexplored, which limits the accurate assessment of carbon-friendly ecological cultivation modes of D. huoshanense. Greenhouse gas emission flux monitoring based on the static chamber method provides an effective way to solve this problem. Therefore, this study conducted a field experiment in the facility cultivation and simulative habitat cultivation modes at a D. huoshanense cultivation base in Dabie Mountains, Anhui Province. From April 2023 to March 2024, samples of greenhouse gases were collected every month, and the concentrations of CO_2, CH_4, and N_2O of the samples were then detected by gas chromatography. The greenhouse gas emission fluxes, cumulative emissions, and global warming potential were further calculated, and the following results were obtained.(1)The two cultivation modes of D. huoshanense showed significant differences in greenhouse gas emission fluxes, especially the CO_2 emission flux, with a pattern of facility cultivation>simulative habitat cultivation [(35.60±11.70)mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1) vs(2.10±4.59)mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)].(2) The annual cumulative CO_2 emission flux in the case of facility cultivation was significantly higher than that of simulative habitat cultivation[(3 077.00±842.00)kg·hm~(-2) vs(221.00±332.00)kg·hm~(-2)], while no significant difference was found in annual cumulative CH_4 and N_2O emission fluxes.(3) The facility cultivation mode had a significantly higher global warming potential than the simulative habitat cultivation mode [(3 053.00±847.00)kg·hm~(-2) vs(196.00±362.00)kg·hm~(-2)]. Overall, the simulative habitat cultivation of D. huoshanense has obvious carbon-friendly characteristics compared with facility cultivation, which is in line with the concept of ecological cultivation of medicinal plants. This study is of great reference significance for the implementation and promotion of the ecological cultivation mode of D. huoshanense under carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.
Dendrobium/chemistry* ; Greenhouse Gases/metabolism* ; Carbon/analysis* ; Ecosystem ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism* ; China ; Global Warming

According to the principle and current domestic and international construction processes of core outcome set(COS) and the characteristics of post-stroke aphasia, this study built COS with evidence-based support for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of post-stroke aphasia. Firstly, a comprehensive review was conducted on the articles about the TCM treatment of post-stroke aphasia that were published in the four major Chinese databases, three major English databases, and three clinical registration centers over the past five years. The articles were analyzed and summarized, on the basis of which the main part of the COS for clinical research on the TCM treatment of post-stroke aphasia was formed. Secondly, clinical doctors and related nursing personnel were interviewed, and important outcome indicators in the clinical diagnosis and treatment process were supplemented to form a pool of core outcome indicators. Two rounds of Delphi surveys were carried out to score the importance of the core outcome indicators in the pool. Finally, a consensus meeting of experts was held to establish the COS for clinical research on the TCM treatment of post-stroke aphasia. The final COS included a total of 268 studies [236 randomized controlled trials(RCTs), 21 Meta-analysis, and 11 clinical registration protocols] and 20 open questionnaire survey results. After two rounds of Delphi surveys, a total of 14 outcome indicators and their corresponding measurement tools were included in the expert consensus meeting. The final expert consensus meeting determined the COS for post-stroke aphasia, which included 9 indicator domains and 12 outcome indicators.
Humans ; Aphasia/therapy* ; Stroke/complications* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome

Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI) is a manifestation of ovarian aging, with a global incidence of 3.5%. If not addressed in time, POI can rapidly develop into premature ovarian failure(POF). The incidence of POI is mainly related to genetic factors, iatrogenic factors, autoimmunity, aging, infection, psychological factors, and other influences. POI not only causes menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, infertility, and dyspareunia but also tends to present with symptoms such as mood swings, insomnia, hot flashes, fatigue, as well as osteoporosis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and other conditions, resulting in long-term psychological and physical health concerns for affected women. From traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)'s perspective, POI is primarily attributed to kidney Yin deficiency, with the main pathogenesis rooted in kidney deficiency, which affects the heart, liver, and spleen. It manifests in different syndrome types, including kidney deficiency with liver Qi stagnation, kidney deficiency with blood stasis, and spleen-kidney Yang deficiency. TCM employs a holistic view, utilizing multi-component TCM, multi-site acupuncture, and multi-target and multi-pathway interventions to treat POI. It offers unique advantages such as strong personalization, high safety, and good efficacy. In this paper, the animal and clinical research literature on the prevention and treatment of POI in the past 10 years was systematically summarized and reviewed. It is found that TCM mainly treats POI and alleviates POI-caused issues such as menstrual disorders, infertility, and emotional instability by regulating the neuroendocrine system(hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, HPOA) and related signaling pathways, improving ovarian function and antioxidant capacity, enhancing immune function, maintaining mitochondrial energy metabolism, inhibiting ferroptosis, and controlling endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Humans ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/physiopathology* ; Female ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by severe infection or trauma, and is one of the common causes of acute lung injury(ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Sepsis-acute lung injury(SALI) is a critical clinical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood, and there is currently a lack of targeted and effective treatment options. Pyroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, plays a key role in the pathological process of SALI by activating inflammasomes and releasing inflammatory factors, making it a potential therapeutic target. In recent years, the role of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in regulating signaling pathways related to pyroptosis through multi-components and multi-targets has attracted increasing attention. TCM may intervene in pyroptosis by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and regulating the expression of Caspase family proteins, thus alleviating inflammatory damage in lung tissues. This paper systematically reviews the molecular regulatory network of pyroptosis in SALI and explores the potential mechanisms and research progress on TCM intervention in cellular pyroptosis. The aim is to provide new ideas and theoretical support for basic research and clinical treatment strategies of TCM in SALI.
Pyroptosis/drug effects* ; Humans ; Sepsis/genetics* ; Acute Lung Injury/physiopathology* ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Inflammasomes/metabolism* ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics*

Inflammatory diseases (IDs) are a general term of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation as the primary pathogenetic mechanism, which seriously affect the quality of patient′s life and cause significant social and medical burden. Current drugs for IDs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biologics, and antioxidants, but these drugs may cause gastrointestinal side effects, induce or worsen infections, and cause non-response or intolerance. Given the outstanding performance of metal polyphenol network (MPN) in the fields of drug delivery, biomedical imaging, and catalytic therapy, its application in the diagnosis and treatment of IDs has attracted much attention and significant progress has been made. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the types of IDs and their generating mechanisms, then sort out and summarize the different forms of MPN in recent years, and finally discuss in detail the characteristics of MPN and their latest research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of IDs. This research may provide useful references for scientific research and clinical practice in the related fields.

Objective:To investigate the role of platelet-derived zyxin in promoting tumor migration by platelets.Methods:The gene expression profile of platelets was analyzed from cancer patients by using the GEO database.Isolated platelets from wild-type(WT)and Zyx-/-mice were co-cultured with B16F10 cells labeled with green fluorescence to investigate the influence of zyxin deficiency on tumor cell migration,invasion,and wound healing.Optical microscopy was employed to evaluate the impact of zyxin deficiency on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in B16F10 cells induced by platelets.Employing specific markers to label platelets,fluorescence confocal microscopy was utilized to investigate the impact of platelet-derived zyxin on the binding between tumor cells and platelets.And an aggregometer was employed to observe the influence of zyxin deficiency on tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation.Results:Compared to platelets from healthy volunteers,zyxin was upregulated in platelets from cancer patients.Zyx-/-mouse platelets exhibited a significant reduction in tumor cell invasion and migration,impaired wound healing,and delayed tumor cell EMT compared to WT mouse platelets.Additionally,zyxin deficiency attenuated the interaction between platelets and tumor cells,and diminished the capacity for tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation.Conclusion:Platelet-derived zyxin deficiency diminishes platelet-tumor cell interactions and weakens the ability of tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation,ultimately suppressing tumor cell migration.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.