By using thioflavin T(ThT)as displacement-based fluorescent probes,three kinds of aptasensors were constructed for rapid detection of three kinds of small molecules such as ochratoxin A(OTA),aflatoxin B1(AFB1)and adenosine.In the absence of target molecule,ThT bound with the aptamer to form an aptamer-ThT complex and exhibited a significant fluorescence response.Upon the addition of target molecule,because of the higher affinity between target and aptamer than that between ThT and the aptamer,ThT was displaced by the target molecule from the aptamer-ThT complex,resulting in weakened fluorescence signal.Based on this principle,the target molecule could be detected quantitatively.Further study through circular dichroism spectra showed that there was no significant change in the conformation of the aptamer after addition of ThT or target molecules.The stoichiometric ratios of ThT to OTAapt,AFB1apt and Adeapt measured through the method of equimolar continuous variation was 1∶1,1∶1 and 2∶1,respectively,and their dissociation constants were all larger than those between the target molecule and its aptamer.Therefore,the principle of this detection method was the displacement of fluorescent probe(ThT)in aptamer-ThT complex by target molecule,resulting in decrease of fluorescence intensity.Under optimal experimental conditions,the limits of detection(LODs)were 0.8 nmol/L for OTA,1.3 nmol/L for AFB1,and 0.10 μmol/L for adenosine,respectively.This method was label-free,simple to operate,with low cost,good selectivity and high sensitivity.The developed assay kit based on this method could be used for actual sample detection.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of discriminative application of Chinese patent medicines in female patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods:The study population was from the Chinese Patent Medicine (CPM) trial. CPM trial was a multicenter prospective cohort study, which enrolled patients from 40 centers in mainland China between February 2012 and December 2015, with the discriminative use of Chinese patent medicines as the exposure factor. Female patients with ACS after PCI who completed 36-month follow-up were included in this analysis, and were divided into a conventional treatment group (using conventional western medicine recommended by the guidelines) and a group with the discriminative use of proprietary Chinese medicines (on the basis of conventional western medicine treatment, discriminative use of Qishen Yiqi dropping pills for Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, Guanxin Danshen dropping pills for blood stasis syndrome, and Danlou tablets for phlegm and blood stasis syndrome combined with the conventional western medicine). The primary endpoint event was a composite endpoint event including cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and emergency revascularization surgery. Secondary endpoint events were composite endpoint events including readmission for ACS, heart failure, stroke, and other thrombotic events. Adverse events were collected. Cox proportional risk model was used to assess the effect of discriminatory application of Chinese patent medicine on endpoint events, and sensitivity analysis was performed by comparing the results with propensity score matching analysis.Results:A total of 748 female ACS post-PCI patients were included in the analysis, aged (63.2±8.3) years. There were 370 patients in the group of discriminative application of Chinese patent medicines and 378 patients in the conventional treatment group. There were 37 cases (10.0%) and 58 cases (15.3%) of primary endpoint events in the discriminatory application of Chinese patent medicines group and the conventional treatment group, respectively. Cox analysis showed that the risk of primary endpoint in the discriminatory application of Chinese patent medicines group was lower than that in the conventional treatment group after adjusting for confounding factors (adjusted HR=0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.96, P=0.031). There were 38 (10.3%) and 57 (15.1%) cases of secondary endpoint events in the two groups, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of secondary endpoint events in the discriminatory application of Chinese patent medicine group was lower than that in the conventional treatment group after adjusting for confounders (adjusted HR=0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.87, P=0.001). The results of propensity score matching analysis also showed that Chinese patent medicines based on discriminatory application could reduce the risk of primary endpoint ( HR=0.62,95% CI 0.40-0.97 ,P=0.033) and second endpoint ( HR=0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.87, P=0.009) significantly. There was no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups (12.4% (46/370) vs. 10.3% (39/378), P=0.362). Conclusion:On the basis of conventional western medicine treatment, discriminatory application of Chinese patent medicines can reduce the risk of endpoints in female patients after PCI due to ACS without significant adverse effects.

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND: The benefits of healthy lifestyles are well recognized. However, the extent to which improving unhealthy lifestyles reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk needs to be discussed. We evaluated the impact of lifestyle improvement on CVD incidence using data from the China-PAR project (Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China). METHODS: A total of 12,588 participants free of CVD were followed up for three visits after the baseline examination. Changes in four lifestyle factors (LFs) (smoking, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption) were assessed through questionnaires from the baseline to the first follow-up visit. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk advancement periods (RAPs: the age difference between exposed and unexposed participants reaching the same incident CVD risk) and population-attributable risk percentage (PAR%) were also calculated. RESULTS: A total of 909 incident CVD cases occurred over a median follow-up of 11.14 years. Compared with maintaining 0-1 healthy LFs, maintaining 3-4 healthy LFs was associated with a 40% risk reduction of incident CVD (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.79) and delayed CVD risk by 6.31 years (RAP: -6.31 [-9.92, -2.70] years). The PAR% of maintaining 3-4 unhealthy LFs was 22.0% compared to maintaining 0-1 unhealthy LFs. Besides, compared with maintaining two healthy LFs, improving healthy LFs from 2 to 3-4 was associated with a 23% lower risk of CVD (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60-0.98). CONCLUSIONS Long-term sustenance of healthy lifestyles or improving unhealthy lifestyles can reduce and delay CVD risk.

Objective:To investigate the anatomic mechanism and risk factors of intracranial embolism caused by injection at temporal region.Methods:(1) Latex perfusion was performed on the vessels of 8 cranial specimens. The vessels from the superficial temporal artery to the carotid artery were dissected to measure the length, the diameter of starting point and ending point and the volume of vessels (drainage method). (2) Cranial CT angiography of 20 patients (excluding patients with cervical diseases) were obtained from the database of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022. The length, the diameter of starting point and ending point, and the volume of vessels were measured. (3) 5 plastic surgeons used pressure simulation measuring equipment to vigorously press the temporal region of the real skull model according to the clinical practice and maintain 2 s to obtain the maximum pressure value. The additional pressure on the temporal region was obtained by subtracting the common carotid artery base pressure [set at 90, 120, 150 and 200 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa)] from the maximum pressure.Results:(1) 8 arteries were collected from 4 skull specimens. The length of vessels was (169.5±7.2) mm, the diameter of the starting point of vessel was (4.29±0.28) mm, the diameter of the ending point of vessel was (1.31±0.15) mm, and the volume was (1.56±0.21) ml. (2) There were 11 males and 9 females among 20 patients aged 23-53 years. The length of vessels was (172.2±7.6) mm, the diameter of the starting point of vessel was (5.63±0.43) mm, the diameter of the ending point of vessel was (1.77±0.16) mm, and the volume was (1.59±0.23) ml. (3) The mean value of additional pressure generated by local pressure on the temporal region by 5 physicians was (127.2±10.1) mmHg (113.8-138.6 mmHg).Conclusion:When the injection volume into the superficial temporal artery was more than 1.6 ml, the artery was damaged, and the temporal area was pressed strongly (the local pressure was more than 110 mmHg above the basic pressure), the injection material might flow into the intracranial from the junction of the common carotid artery and into the internal carotid artery, which was the possible mechanism of the temporal filling leading to intracranial embolism.

Objective:To investigate the anatomic mechanism and risk factors of intracranial embolism caused by injection at temporal region.Methods:(1) Latex perfusion was performed on the vessels of 8 cranial specimens. The vessels from the superficial temporal artery to the carotid artery were dissected to measure the length, the diameter of starting point and ending point and the volume of vessels (drainage method). (2) Cranial CT angiography of 20 patients (excluding patients with cervical diseases) were obtained from the database of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022. The length, the diameter of starting point and ending point, and the volume of vessels were measured. (3) 5 plastic surgeons used pressure simulation measuring equipment to vigorously press the temporal region of the real skull model according to the clinical practice and maintain 2 s to obtain the maximum pressure value. The additional pressure on the temporal region was obtained by subtracting the common carotid artery base pressure [set at 90, 120, 150 and 200 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa)] from the maximum pressure.Results:(1) 8 arteries were collected from 4 skull specimens. The length of vessels was (169.5±7.2) mm, the diameter of the starting point of vessel was (4.29±0.28) mm, the diameter of the ending point of vessel was (1.31±0.15) mm, and the volume was (1.56±0.21) ml. (2) There were 11 males and 9 females among 20 patients aged 23-53 years. The length of vessels was (172.2±7.6) mm, the diameter of the starting point of vessel was (5.63±0.43) mm, the diameter of the ending point of vessel was (1.77±0.16) mm, and the volume was (1.59±0.23) ml. (3) The mean value of additional pressure generated by local pressure on the temporal region by 5 physicians was (127.2±10.1) mmHg (113.8-138.6 mmHg).Conclusion:When the injection volume into the superficial temporal artery was more than 1.6 ml, the artery was damaged, and the temporal area was pressed strongly (the local pressure was more than 110 mmHg above the basic pressure), the injection material might flow into the intracranial from the junction of the common carotid artery and into the internal carotid artery, which was the possible mechanism of the temporal filling leading to intracranial embolism.

From the perspective of data users, ensuring the relevance and reliability of big data in healthcare and medicine via assessments on data appropriateness is a prerequisite for generating high-quality real-world evidence, which could guarantee good representativeness and generalizability of real-world studies. This review summarized the quality dimensions, definitions, evaluation indexes and calculating methods of assessment on the appropriateness of real-world data (RWD) according to guidance from different countries and international organizations, as well as exploring the opportunities and challenges for better assessing RWD appropriateness.
Big Data ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of "mutual support" framework in costal cartilage rhinoplasty.Methods:From June 2020 to December 2021, the patients were enrolled and undergone rhinoplasty with bilateral lower lateral cartilage margin incision combined with nasal columnar incision in the Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital. During the operation, the sixth costal cartilage was made into the nasal columella support graft(strut) and the nasal tip graft integrated scaffold, and the septal extension grafts (SEG). The strut and SEG were sutured in the same plane to construct the framework to correct the aesthetic defects of the nose. Abode Photoshop CS 6.0 was used to measure a series of aesthetics index before and 6 months after surgery, including nasofrontal angle, nasorostral angle, nasolabial angle, columella lobular angle, ratio of tip projection to the length of the nose and ratio of the length of the infratip lobule to the length of the nasal columella to evaluate the surgical effect. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) were used to investigate the patients’ satisfaction. Paired t-test was used for data analysis and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 53 patients were enrolled, including 4 males and 49 females, aged from 18 to 45 years (average age: 25.6 years). Forty-nine cases were primary rhinoplasty and 4 cases were secondary rhinoplasty. No short-term complications including hemorrhage and infection occurred in 53 patients. All patients were followed up for 6-12 months. There were statistically significant differences in nasofrontal angle, nasorostral angle, nasolabial angle, columella lobular angle, ratio of tip projection to the length of the nose and ratio of the length of the infratip lobule to the length of the nasal columella( P<0.01), which sugguested that aesthetic defects of the nose were corrected and no obvious deflection and rotation of nasal tip occured. VAS score and ROE score postoperatively were 7.6±0.4 and 21.3±2.1, respectively, which were significantly higher than preoperatively( 6.1±0.5, 10.5±1.6)( P< 0.01). Postoperative satisfaction survey showed that swelling disappeared within 4-6 weeks after surgery, and no obvious ventilatory disorder, paresthesia and hyposmia symptoms occurred. Most patients were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional results. Conclusions:The "mutual support" framework in costal cartilage rhinoplasty can reduce the risk of framework deflection and nasal tip rotation and obtain satisfactory nasal columella shape.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of "mutual support" framework in costal cartilage rhinoplasty.Methods:From June 2020 to December 2021, the patients were enrolled and undergone rhinoplasty with bilateral lower lateral cartilage margin incision combined with nasal columnar incision in the Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital. During the operation, the sixth costal cartilage was made into the nasal columella support graft(strut) and the nasal tip graft integrated scaffold, and the septal extension grafts (SEG). The strut and SEG were sutured in the same plane to construct the framework to correct the aesthetic defects of the nose. Abode Photoshop CS 6.0 was used to measure a series of aesthetics index before and 6 months after surgery, including nasofrontal angle, nasorostral angle, nasolabial angle, columella lobular angle, ratio of tip projection to the length of the nose and ratio of the length of the infratip lobule to the length of the nasal columella to evaluate the surgical effect. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) were used to investigate the patients’ satisfaction. Paired t-test was used for data analysis and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 53 patients were enrolled, including 4 males and 49 females, aged from 18 to 45 years (average age: 25.6 years). Forty-nine cases were primary rhinoplasty and 4 cases were secondary rhinoplasty. No short-term complications including hemorrhage and infection occurred in 53 patients. All patients were followed up for 6-12 months. There were statistically significant differences in nasofrontal angle, nasorostral angle, nasolabial angle, columella lobular angle, ratio of tip projection to the length of the nose and ratio of the length of the infratip lobule to the length of the nasal columella( P<0.01), which sugguested that aesthetic defects of the nose were corrected and no obvious deflection and rotation of nasal tip occured. VAS score and ROE score postoperatively were 7.6±0.4 and 21.3±2.1, respectively, which were significantly higher than preoperatively( 6.1±0.5, 10.5±1.6)( P< 0.01). Postoperative satisfaction survey showed that swelling disappeared within 4-6 weeks after surgery, and no obvious ventilatory disorder, paresthesia and hyposmia symptoms occurred. Most patients were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional results. Conclusions:The "mutual support" framework in costal cartilage rhinoplasty can reduce the risk of framework deflection and nasal tip rotation and obtain satisfactory nasal columella shape.

Objective To analyze the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in national surveillance sites of Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the scientific evidence for formulating the new schistosomiasis surveillance program and consolidating schistosomiasis elimination achievements. Methods A total of 54 to 55 national surveillance sites and 6 risk monitoring sites were assigned in historical endemic regions of Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2019, where the Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans, livestock, snails and wild feces were monitored. All data pertaining to the surveillance results were descriptively analyzed. Results There were 34 530 person-time local residents receiving serological screening for S. japonicum infections in national surveillance sites of Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2019, and the seroprevalance of S. japonicum infections were 0.29% to 0.68%; however, no egg-positives were detected. During the period from 2015 to 2019, there were 62 086 person-time mobile populations receiving serological screening for S. japonicum infections in national surveillance sites of Zhejiang Province, and the seroprevalance of S. japonicum infections were 0.32% to 0.56%; additionally, there were 27 egg-positives identified, including 3 imported cases with schistosomiasis haematobia and one case with acute schistosomiasis japonica, indicating that the adjusted prevalence of Schistosoma infections were 0.01% to 0.07% among mobile populations. A total of 829 livestock were examined for S. japonicum infections, with no positives detected. There were 10.55 hm² and 2.89 hm² snail habitats found in national surveillance sites and risk monitoring sites of Zhejiang Province during the 5-year period, respectively; however, no S. japonicum infections were identified in snails. Moreover, a total of 305 wild feces were tested for S. japonicum infections, and no egg-positives were identified. Conclusions The schistosomiasis elimination achievement have been consolidated in Zhejiang Province; however, the risk factors of re-emerging schistosomiasis have not been completely eliminated, such as residual snails and imported schistosomiasis cases. Further surveillance and control activities of snails and the source of S. japonicum infections should be reinforced.