AIM:To study whether glycyrrhizic acid(GL)can resist the ototoxicity of cisplatin(CDDP)in mice and its molecular mechanism.METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 5 groups:control group,DMSO(5%)group,CDDP(4 mg/kg)group,CDDP+low-dose(50 mg/kg)GL group,and CDDP+high-dose(100 mg/kg)GL group(n=14).Auditory brainstem response(ABR)was used to detect hearing changes of mice.HE staining was used to observe the morphological change of cochlear stria vascular in mice.Evans blue(EB)staining was used to observe the per-meability change of the blood-labyrinth barrier(BLB).Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression and distribution of adhesion protein VE-cadherin and tight junction protein ZO-1 on the cochlear stria.ELISA assay and immunofluorescence technology were employed to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleu-kin-1β(1L-1β).RESULTS:In CDDP group,ABR waveforms of all frequencies were disturbed,the hearing threshold was significantly increased,and I wave latency was prolonged(P＜0.05).In CDDP+GL group,ABR waveforms of various frequencies were well differentiated,the hearing threshold was significantly decreased,and the latency of I-wave was shortened(P＜0.01).The disordered morphology and more vacuoles in the stria vascularis were observed by HE staining in CDDP group.The GL alleviated CDDP-induced damage in the stria vascularis.In EB staining,CDDP caused an increase in per-meability of BLB(P＜0.01),which was improved by GL treatment(P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of VE-cadherin and ZO-1 in CDDP group were decreased(P＜0.01),which was restored in CDDP+GL group(P＜0.01).The ELISA and immunofluorescence results showed that the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was in-creased after CDDP treatment(P＜0.01),which was restored in CDDP+GL group(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:The GL alleviates CDDP-induced hearing loss in mice by inhibiting CDDP-induced inflammation and reducing the permeability of BLB.

Myocardial fibrosis is a common pathological feature in various advanced cardiovascular diseases, and progressive fibrosis is the pathological basis for the development and progression of many cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. There are no effective reversal drugs for myocardial fibrosis, which is related to the lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms. Noncoding RNAs are a class of RNAs that do not function as coding proteins, and have been found to be intimately involved in the life cycle of cardiomyocyte differentiation, transcription and apoptosis, and are important regulators of cardiovascular diseases. An increasing number of studies have shown that noncoding RNAs regulate the proliferation and transformation of cardiac fibroblasts through related signaling pathways and can be used as potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for cardiac fibrosis. This article reviews the relationship between noncoding RNAs and cardiac fibrosis.

Most drugs need to interact with cell membrane to reach the biological target, so that membrane affinity assay is an important early screening step in drug discovery. However, at present, the traditional oil-water distribution method is still used, a new, simple and accurate method for membrane affinity assay is urgently needed. In this study, according to the colorimetric principle, a new assay model based on polydiacetylene vesicles was optimized through a series of experiments including different concentrations of vesicle solution, temperature, or pH reaction environment. On this basis, tetracaine hydrochloride, 2-methylimidazole and histamine were used as model drugs to measure the membrane affinity constants and verify the between-batch precision of the optimized assay model (relative standard deviation less than 5%). In addition, polydiacetylene vesicles were stable for up to 180 days, demonstrating the potential application of the assay model. This strategy is simple, stable, reliable, with high reproducibility, low cost and easy to promote, which provided a new tool and a new direction for the high-throughput assay of membrane affinity.

INTRODUCTION: Countries are mandating the use of face masks to stem the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Face mask use has been associated with discomfort due to its effects on thermoregulation, breathing and oxygenation. We evaluated the prevalence and severity of self-reported cardiovascular symptoms before and during face mask use. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 1,001 participants residing in Singapore, who participated in a self-administered questionnaire between 25 April 2020 and 4 May 2020. Symptom severity before and during mask use, and health-seeking behaviour information were collected. The study outcome was self-reported worsening of cardiovascular symptoms and its association with the type of mask worn, duration of mask worn per day, and intensity of physical activities during mask use. RESULTS: The most common symptom reported during mask use was dyspnoea. Independent predictors for self-reported cardiovascular symptoms during mask use were moderate-high physical activity during mask use (odds ratio [OR] 1.634, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.176-2.270, P = 0.003), duration of mask use for ≥3 h (OR 1.672, 95% CI 1.189-2.352, P = 0.003) and type of mask used, after adjusting for age, sex, healthcare-based worker status and presence of comorbidities. N95 mask was associated with worse symptoms when compared to surgical mask. Participants with ≥3 worsening symptoms or worsening dyspnoea, palpitations, fatigue and dizziness were more likely to seek medical help. CONCLUSION Face mask use has been proven to be an effective way in curbing COVID-19 transmission. However, participants in this study had concerns regarding its use and these concerns should be urgently addressed to enable mask use policies to be enacted.
Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Pandemics ; Masks/adverse effects* ; Self Report ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyspnea/etiology*

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic debridement combined with platelet rich plasma(PRP)in treatment of supraspinatus calcified tendinitis.Methods 23 patients in the experimental group were treated with shoulder arthroscopic calcification clearing with PRP injection,while 23 patients in the control group were treated with simple arthroscopic clearing,and the curative effects were observed and compared.Results All the patients were followed up effectively.Of the 23 cases in the experimental group,5 cases were treated with rotator cuff repair(3 cases were diagnosed rotator cuff tear before operation,2 cases were diagnosed with large calcification,and rotator cuff repair was performed after cleaning),and 3 cases were treated with rotator cuff repair(2 cases were diagnosed with rotator cuff tear before operation,1 case was diagnosed with large calcification,and rotator cuff repair was performed after cleaning).The visual analogue scale(VAS)of the two groups one month after surgery was significantly lower than that before surgery,and the American Association of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons(ASES)score of the two groups one month after surgery was significantly higher than that before surgery,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The VAS of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group one month after surgery,and the ASES score was significantly higher than that of the control group one month after surgery,with statistically significant differences(t =-5.52,t = 8.73,P = 0.001).Conclusion Arthroscopic debridement combined with PRP is an effective and minimally invasive method for the treatment of supraspinatus calcified tendinitis.The calcium salt can be removed as much as possible under arthroscopy,and the scope of rotator cuff injury can be accurately evaluated.For the obvious rotator cuff injury with large damage,the rotator cuff repair with thread anchor nail can be performed.At the same time,combined with PRP,it can accelerate the repair of rotator cuff injury,relieve pain,and accelerate the functional recovery of shoulder joint.

Humans ; Spinal Diseases/surgery* ; Spine/surgery*

Objective:To determine the relationship between health self-empowerment level and health self-management skill in older adults.Methods:A household survey was conducted from June 2020 to April 2021, among older adults in two communities each in Zhuzhou and Changsha selected by stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected through a general questionnaire, simplified. Elders Health Empowerment Scale, and Rating Scale of Health Self-Management Skill for Adults. A total of 444 questionnaires were distributed, of which 425 were valid. Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between health self-empowerment level and health self-management skill.Results:Final sample included 425 elderly people. Health self-empowerment was at medium to high level (30.9±5.6), whereas health self-management was at medium level (146.2±21.7); and the two factors were significantly correlated (Pearson coefficient was 0.724). After controlling for confounding factors (demographic characteristics), health self-empowerment independently accounted for 34.3% of the variation in health self-management ability.Conclusion:Health self-empowerment positively affects health self-management ability among older adults, which suggests the importance of stimulating health self-empowerment awareness in the process of health self-management.

E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21(tripartite motif containing 21) plays an important role in regulating cell biological functions and clinical prognosis as oncogene or tumor suppressor in different types of tumors. However,the biological functions and molecular mechanism of TRIM21 in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) are still unclear.Our results showed that TRIM21 is highly expressed in moderately and well differentiated HPSCC, suggesting the role of TRIM21 in tumor differentiation. Overexpression and knockdown of TRIM21 inhibited or promoted cell proliferation and migration. Meanwhile, the expression of differentiation markers including KRT10 (keratin 10), IVL (involucrin) and TGM1 (transglutaminase 1) were increased and decreased upon TRIM21 overexpression or knockdown, respectively. The bioinformatics analysis of TRIM21 interacting protein identified by co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry suggested that TRIM21 may be closely related to the regulation of cytoskeleton protein. We further demonstrated that TRIM21 interacted with KRT10. The inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide led to upregulation of KRT10 in TRIM21 overexpressing FaDu cells, and ectopic expression of TRIM21 enhanced the ubiquitination level of KRT10. In summary, our results suggest that TRIM21 may promote the HPSCC differentiation by mediating ubiquitination of cytoskeleton proteins to improve the protein stability.

Objective To discuss the system and classification of military pharmacy disciplines. Methods Based on the analysis and induction of the military pharmacy subject positioning, classification status, classification ideas and classification methods, the military pharmacy subject system is described with system analysis and system structured approach. Results The military pharmacy disciplinary system may be divided into four major categories: military pharmacy science, military pharmacy technology, military pharmacy engineering, and military pharmacy management, and several sub-categories. Conclusion Strengthening the research of military pharmacy disciplinary system will improve the disciplinary system classification, which will help improve the overall cognitive level of military pharmacy discipline and accelerate the development of military pharmacy disciplinary system.

In China， about 100 million people currently have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. At the same time， COPD is a multisystem disease， not only affecting the function of musculoskeletal， cardiovascular， kidney and immune systems in patients， but also causing intestinal dysfunction as its extrapulmonary manifestations. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， after COPD is formed， deficiency， phlegm stasis and toxicity were accumulated in the lungs， which leads to dysfunction of lung in dispersing and descending， and eventually causes ascending and descending disorder of Qi activities， disorder of fluid supply and distribution， and stagnation of blood stasis. The viscera disease would affect the bowels， and the large intestine is thus affected. Modern medical discovers that， the lungs and intestines have common origins and similar physiological structures， in pathological circumstances， their common mucosal immune system may lead to similar immune factors and inflammatory manifestations in the lungs and intestines. At the same time， the studies have confirmed that there is also a close relationship between intestinal flora and lung， that is "lung-gut axis". These theories partially illustrate the mechanism of COPD in inducing intestinal injury. The specific manifestations of COPD intestinal dysfunction， ① Flora disorder， with increased abundance of intestinal gram-negative bacilli， and inhibited reproduction of Bifidobacterium， Lactobacillus and short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. ② Intestinal barrier damage： characterized by the destruction of intestinal epithelium tight connectivity， increased intestinal permeability， and thinning of the mucus layer. ③ Intestinal motility disorder： mostly manifested as weight loss and malnutrition. At present， for the intestinal dysfunction in COPD patients， most of the relevant discussions and targeted treatment methods in TCM are scattered and unsystematic. Guided by the idea of treating different diseases with the same treatment， we summarized the etiology and pathogenesis of COPD intestinal dysfunction by learning from the experience of TCM in treating intestinal flora disorders and inflammatory bowel disease， and proposed preliminary formulation with Tiaoqi Qushi，Tongfu Tongluo as its basic treatment principles in this paper， hoping to provide new ideas for the treatment of COPD.