Booster vaccinations are highly recommended in combating the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and its subvariants. However, the optimal booster vaccination strategies and related immune mechanisms with different prior vaccinations are under-revealed. In this study, we systematically evaluated the immune responses in mice and hamsters with different prime-boost regimens before their protective efficacies against Omicron were detected. We found that boosting with Ad5-nCoV, S_WT-2P or S_Omicron-6P induced significantly higher levels of neutralization activities against Omicron variants than CoronaVac and ZF2001 by eliciting stronger germinal center (GC) responses. Specifically, S_Omicron-6P induced even stronger antibody responses against Omicron variants in CoronaVac and Ad5-nCoV-primed animals than non-Omicron-specific vaccines but with limited differences as compared to Ad5-nCoV and S_WT-2P. In addition, boosting with a specific vaccine has the potential to remodel the existing immune profiles. These findings indicated that adenovirus-vectored vaccines and mRNA vaccines would be more effective than other types of vaccines as booster shots in combating Omicron infections. Moreover, the protective efficacies of the vaccines in booster vaccinations are highly related to GC reactions in secondary lymphatic organs. In summary, these findings provide timely important information on prime-boost regimens and future vaccine design.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for pyogenic spinal infections.Methods:A total of 255 patients diagnosed with pyogenic spinal infections were enrolled between September 2022 and September 2024 at Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Shandong University Affiliated Public Health Clinical Center, and the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Among them, 155 were male and 100 were female, with an average age of 62.5±14.2 years (ranging from 13 to 90 years). All patients had samples of infected tissue and/or pus collected for microbial culture and mNGS testing. The number, types, and positive rates of pathogens detected by microbial culture and mNGS were compared. Using culture results as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for mNGS testing and the combined method of mNGS and microbial culture, calculating the area under the curve (AUC) and 95% CI. Results:All 255 cases were clinically diagnosed as pyogenic spinal infections, with 194 cases providing microbiological evidence. The most common Gram-positive bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus, while the most common Gram-negative bacterium was Escherichia coli. A total of 33 pathogenic microorganisms were detected by mNGS, while microbial culture detected 18 pathogenic microorganisms. The positive rate of mNGS was 72.2% (184 out of 255), which was significantly higher than that of 30.2% (77 out of 255) for microbial culture, showing a significant difference (χ 2=90.150, P<0.001); the positive rate of mNGS combined with microbial culture was 76.1% (194 out of 255) with significant difference compared to mNGS alone (χ 2=8.100, P<0.001). Among 178 culture-negative samples, the detection rate of mNGS was 65.7% (117 out of 178); among 77 culture-positive samples, the detection rate of mNGS was 87.0% (67 out of 77), and 97.0% (65 out of 67) of the detected pathogens matched the culture results at the species level. The AUCs of the ROC curves for mNGS testing and the combination of mNGS with microbial culture were 0.606 [95% CI (0.534, 0.678)] and 0.671 [95% CI (0.606, 0.736)], respectively, with significant differences compared to microbial culture ( P=0.007; P=0.007). Conclusions:mNGS demonstrates superior performance over conventional culture in identifying pathogens in pyogenic spinal infections. Moreover, combining mNGS with culture further improves diagnostic yield, supporting its integration into clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between alterations in dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) and spatial navigation abilities in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) across different Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitutions.Methods:Seventy-five participants with SCD, comprising 34 individuals with balanced constitutions and 41 individuals with biased constitutions, were recruited from the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School between August 2022 and January 2025. The participants underwent TCM constitution assessment, spatial navigation ability testing, and neuropsychological scale evaluation. Additionally, each participant was assessed using 3.0 T resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and high-resolution T1-weighted imaging scans. Based on prior research, 20 spatial navigation-related regions of interest (ROIs) were defined. Afterwards, rs-fMRI time series were segmented using a sliding time window approach before calculating the dFC within the spatial navigation brain network.Results:Compared to the balanced constitution group, the biased constitution SCD group showed significantly lower scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) ( z=-3.05, P=0.002) and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) measures: immediate recall ( z=-2.12, P=0.035), short-delay recall ( z=-2.22, P=0.026), long-delay recall ( z=-2.88, P=0.004), cued recall ( z=-2.91, P=0.004), and recognition ( z=-2.20, P=0.028). They also exhibited significantly higher average error distances in ego-allocentric navigation ( z=-2.28, P=0.023), egocentric navigation ( z=-2.31, P=0.021), and delayed navigation ( z=-2.02, P=0.043). Participants with SCD who had a biased constitution also demonstrated significantly reduced dFC between the left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and left prefrontal cortex (PFC) ( t=2.43), right precuneus and right retrosplenial cortex (RSC) ( t=2.96), and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and left hippocampus ( t=2.42) (all P<0.05, Bonferroni-corrected). Conversely, the dFC was significantly increased between the right PHG and left PFC ( t=-2.29, P<0.05, Bonferroni-corrected). Significant correlations were also found in participants with SCD who had biased constitutions: the dFC between the left PHG and left PFC positively correlated with the egocentric navigation average total error ( r=0.34, P=0.030) and negatively correlated with the visuospatial memory cognitive domain ( r=-0.35, P=0.026); the dFC between the left IPL and left hippocampus negatively correlated with the egocentric navigation average total error ( r=-0.32, P=0.043); and the dFC between the right PHG and left PFC positively correlated with the delayed navigation average total error ( r=0.33, P=0.037). The area under the ROC curve for the combined differences in cognitive assessments, spatial navigation behavior, and navigation-related brain network dFC was 0.966 in predicting biased constitution versus balanced constitution in participants with SCD. Conclusions:Individuals with SCD and biased constitutions demonstrated poorer spatial navigation ability, possibly due to altered dFC within the spatial navigation brain network. Furthermore, the integrated model based on spatial navigation behaviors and dFC exhibited a high predictive value in distinguishing between individuals with SCD who had balanced and biased constitutions.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of super-selective ophthalmic artery thrombolysis in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).Methods:This is a retrospective case series study,based on the analysis of clinical data of 50 non-arteritic CRAO patients. The patients were advised to be treated with super-selective intra-ocular arterial thrombolysis at the Neurosurgery Department, Shenyang No. 4 People′s Hospital from May to December 2024, and treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis and postoperative management guidance by the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command. There were 36 males and 14 females, aged (59.5±10.2)years (range: 41 to 75 years). There were 5 cases of complete obstruction of the central retinal artery and 45 cases of subtotal obstruction.Before the operation, all patients underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)+ocular vascular ultrasonography, and their visual acuity was measured using a standard visual acuity logarithmic scale, visual field was measured using the contrast visual field examination method;One week after the operation, all patients were rechecked for OCTA, visual acuity and visual field. The patients′ preoperative and postoperative visual field recovery status were compared. Significant effect was defined as an improvement of more than 3 lines of visual acuity or a complete improvement of visual field defects after treatment compared with pretreatment visual acuity; effectiveness was defined as an improvement of 1 to 2 lines of visual acuity or an improvement of visual field defects after treatment compared with pretreatment visual acuity.Results:The overall effective rate of 50 patients with CRAO treated with super-selective ophthalmic artery urokinase thrombolysis was 94.0% (47/50), with 29 very effective, 18 effective and 3 ineffective. The time from onset to surgery was 0 to 6 hours in 5 patients, with an effective rate of 5/5; >6 to 24 hours in 11 patients, with an effective rate of 10/11; >1 to 7 days in 21 patients, with an effective rate of 90.5%(19/21); >7 to 14 days in 9 patients, with an effective rate of 9/9; and >14 to 21 days in 4 patients, with an effective rate of 4/4, and the difference in effective rate between the different time windows of thrombolytic therapy was not statistically significant ( P=0.961). There were 3 cases of intraoperative and postoperative complications, including 1 case of ophthalmic artery entrapment, 1 case of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm and 1 case of fundus hemorrhage, but all of them were cured after symptomatic treatment. Conclusions:Intra-arterial thrombolysis for CRAO patients has a high effective rate and a low complication rate. The surgical time window can be extended to 21 days after the onset, which is of positive significance for the recovery and improvement of the patient′s final visual acuity.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of lamb′s tripe extract and vitamin B 12 capsule (LTEVB 12C) on chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) at different locations (antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, corpus lesser curvature, and corpus greater curvature). Methods:From August 2011 to January 2013, 715 patients with CAG in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were enrolled from 16 tertiary first-class hospitals across the country, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, the First Hospital of Jilin University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, etc., there were 476 cases in the LTEVB 12C group and 239 cases in the placebo group. The patients of the LTEVB 12C group received LTEVB 12C, and the patients of placebo group received LTEVB 12C mimetic, all the medications were taken 3 capsules each time and 3 times a day after meals, and the treatment course of 2 groups were both 6 months. The efficacy evaluation criteria included the effective rate (a decrease of ≥1 in histopathological score compared with baseline after 6 months of treatment) and the reversal rate (a decrease of ≥ 2 in histopathological score compared with baseline after 6 months of treatment in the patients with moderate to severe CAG). The impact of lesion sites on the therapeutic effects of LTEVB 12C was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The two-way unordered Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test considering the center effect and Pearson chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The effective rates of chronic inflammation at the antrum greater curvature and corpus greater curvature (23.3%, 110/473 vs. 13.0%, 31/239; 20.3%, 96/472 vs. 12.6%, 30/239), the effective rates of atrophy at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, corpus lesser curvature, and the corpus greater curvature (27.0%, 118/437 vs. 15.7%, 34/216; 29.2%, 126/432 vs. 18.5%, 38/205; 27.8%, 121/435 vs. 16.7%, 36/216; 32.5%, 127/391 vs. 19.8%, 37/187; 33.0%, 119/361 vs. 21.8%, 39/179), and the effective rates of intestinal metaplasia at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the corpus lesser curvature (45.0%, 112/249 vs. 29.8%, 31/104; 53.8%, 86/160 vs. 33.9%, 21/62; 45.8%, 103/225 vs. 24.0%, 25/104; 51.9%, 83/160 vs. 28.3%, 17/60) of the LTEVB 12C group were all higher than those of the placebo group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=10.76, 6.39, 9.69, 7.91, 11.05, 9.62, 8.57, 5.20, 7.11, 12.45, and 6.73; all P<0.05). The reversal rates of chronic inflammation at the corpus lesser curvature and corpus greater curvature (5.2%, 12/231 vs. 0, 0/123; 4.7%, 8/170 vs. 0, 0/88), the reversal rates of atrophy at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, corpus lesser curvature, and the corpus greater curvature (6.8%, 22/323 vs. 1.3%, 2/151; 9.2%, 29/315 vs. 1.4%, 2/144; 14.2%, 38/267 vs. 2.5%, 3/121; 20.8%, 35/168 vs. 5.8%, 4/69), and the reversal rates of intestinal metaplasia at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the corpus lesser curvature (29.8%, 39/131 vs. 9.1%, 4/44; 41.0%, 32/78 vs. 12.5%, 3/24; 33.3%, 44/132 vs. 4.8%, 3/63; 50.0%, 37/74 vs. 8.7%, 2/23) of the LTEVB 12C group were all higher than those of the placebo group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=6.58, 5.12, 5.60, 8.61, 11.43, 6.59, 7.30, 4.95, 15.92, 7.62; all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the effective rates and reversal rates of active inflammation at different locations between the LTEVB 12C group and the placebo group (all P>0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis (taking the antrum lesser curvature as the reference) further confirmed that the reversal rates of chronic inflammation ( OR=0.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.07 to 0.67; OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.80), atrophy ( OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.49; OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.49), and intestinal metaplasia ( OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.77; OR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.52) at the corpus lesser curvature and corpus greater curvature were all higher than those at the antrum lesser curvature, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There were no statistically siginificant differences in the reversal rates of the aforementioned pathological features between the antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the antrum lesser curvature (all P>0.05). Conclusion:LTEVB 12C can achieve good efficacy in the treatment of CAG, and the chronic inflammation, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia at multiple locations are improved, especially at the corpus lesser curvature and the corpus greater curvature.

Background and Aims:Whether to close mesenteric fissures during laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer remains controversial.Traditional suture closure is technically demanding and may injure mesenteric vessels.This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using α-cyanoacrylate medical glue to close mesenteric fissures during laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer in the Department of Colorectal Surgery,the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,from January 2022 to December 2023.Seventy-eight patients who received intraoperative α-cyanoacrylate glue closure of mesenteric fissures were included as the observation group,and 74 patients without fissure closure were selected as the control group using the propensity score matching method.Perioperative parameters,postoperative recovery,and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics or main intraoperative variables between groups(all P>0.05).The observation group had significantly less ascitic drainage within 3 days after operation[(203.14±116.44)mL vs.(384.53±243.89)mL,P<0.01]and shorter postoperative gas passage,defecation,and drainage tube removal times(all P<0.01).The incidence of postoperative complications and intestinal obstruction was comparable between groups(all P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that intraoperative application of α-cyanoacrylate glue was an independent promoting factor for intestinal exhaust within 3 days after surgery(OR=5.739,P=0.000).Conclusion:The use of α-cyanoacrylate medical glue for closing mesenteric fissures during laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer is safe and feasible.It effectively reduces postoperative ascitic drainage and accelerates bowel recovery,offering a simple and reliable alternative to traditional suture closure.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for pyogenic spinal infections.Methods:A total of 255 patients diagnosed with pyogenic spinal infections were enrolled between September 2022 and September 2024 at Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Shandong University Affiliated Public Health Clinical Center, and the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Among them, 155 were male and 100 were female, with an average age of 62.5±14.2 years (ranging from 13 to 90 years). All patients had samples of infected tissue and/or pus collected for microbial culture and mNGS testing. The number, types, and positive rates of pathogens detected by microbial culture and mNGS were compared. Using culture results as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for mNGS testing and the combined method of mNGS and microbial culture, calculating the area under the curve (AUC) and 95% CI. Results:All 255 cases were clinically diagnosed as pyogenic spinal infections, with 194 cases providing microbiological evidence. The most common Gram-positive bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus, while the most common Gram-negative bacterium was Escherichia coli. A total of 33 pathogenic microorganisms were detected by mNGS, while microbial culture detected 18 pathogenic microorganisms. The positive rate of mNGS was 72.2% (184 out of 255), which was significantly higher than that of 30.2% (77 out of 255) for microbial culture, showing a significant difference (χ 2=90.150, P<0.001); the positive rate of mNGS combined with microbial culture was 76.1% (194 out of 255) with significant difference compared to mNGS alone (χ 2=8.100, P<0.001). Among 178 culture-negative samples, the detection rate of mNGS was 65.7% (117 out of 178); among 77 culture-positive samples, the detection rate of mNGS was 87.0% (67 out of 77), and 97.0% (65 out of 67) of the detected pathogens matched the culture results at the species level. The AUCs of the ROC curves for mNGS testing and the combination of mNGS with microbial culture were 0.606 [95% CI (0.534, 0.678)] and 0.671 [95% CI (0.606, 0.736)], respectively, with significant differences compared to microbial culture ( P=0.007; P=0.007). Conclusions:mNGS demonstrates superior performance over conventional culture in identifying pathogens in pyogenic spinal infections. Moreover, combining mNGS with culture further improves diagnostic yield, supporting its integration into clinical practice.

Background and Aims:Whether to close mesenteric fissures during laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer remains controversial.Traditional suture closure is technically demanding and may injure mesenteric vessels.This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using α-cyanoacrylate medical glue to close mesenteric fissures during laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer in the Department of Colorectal Surgery,the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,from January 2022 to December 2023.Seventy-eight patients who received intraoperative α-cyanoacrylate glue closure of mesenteric fissures were included as the observation group,and 74 patients without fissure closure were selected as the control group using the propensity score matching method.Perioperative parameters,postoperative recovery,and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics or main intraoperative variables between groups(all P>0.05).The observation group had significantly less ascitic drainage within 3 days after operation[(203.14±116.44)mL vs.(384.53±243.89)mL,P<0.01]and shorter postoperative gas passage,defecation,and drainage tube removal times(all P<0.01).The incidence of postoperative complications and intestinal obstruction was comparable between groups(all P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that intraoperative application of α-cyanoacrylate glue was an independent promoting factor for intestinal exhaust within 3 days after surgery(OR=5.739,P=0.000).Conclusion:The use of α-cyanoacrylate medical glue for closing mesenteric fissures during laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer is safe and feasible.It effectively reduces postoperative ascitic drainage and accelerates bowel recovery,offering a simple and reliable alternative to traditional suture closure.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between alterations in dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) and spatial navigation abilities in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) across different Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitutions.Methods:Seventy-five participants with SCD, comprising 34 individuals with balanced constitutions and 41 individuals with biased constitutions, were recruited from the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School between August 2022 and January 2025. The participants underwent TCM constitution assessment, spatial navigation ability testing, and neuropsychological scale evaluation. Additionally, each participant was assessed using 3.0 T resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and high-resolution T1-weighted imaging scans. Based on prior research, 20 spatial navigation-related regions of interest (ROIs) were defined. Afterwards, rs-fMRI time series were segmented using a sliding time window approach before calculating the dFC within the spatial navigation brain network.Results:Compared to the balanced constitution group, the biased constitution SCD group showed significantly lower scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) ( z=-3.05, P=0.002) and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) measures: immediate recall ( z=-2.12, P=0.035), short-delay recall ( z=-2.22, P=0.026), long-delay recall ( z=-2.88, P=0.004), cued recall ( z=-2.91, P=0.004), and recognition ( z=-2.20, P=0.028). They also exhibited significantly higher average error distances in ego-allocentric navigation ( z=-2.28, P=0.023), egocentric navigation ( z=-2.31, P=0.021), and delayed navigation ( z=-2.02, P=0.043). Participants with SCD who had a biased constitution also demonstrated significantly reduced dFC between the left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and left prefrontal cortex (PFC) ( t=2.43), right precuneus and right retrosplenial cortex (RSC) ( t=2.96), and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and left hippocampus ( t=2.42) (all P<0.05, Bonferroni-corrected). Conversely, the dFC was significantly increased between the right PHG and left PFC ( t=-2.29, P<0.05, Bonferroni-corrected). Significant correlations were also found in participants with SCD who had biased constitutions: the dFC between the left PHG and left PFC positively correlated with the egocentric navigation average total error ( r=0.34, P=0.030) and negatively correlated with the visuospatial memory cognitive domain ( r=-0.35, P=0.026); the dFC between the left IPL and left hippocampus negatively correlated with the egocentric navigation average total error ( r=-0.32, P=0.043); and the dFC between the right PHG and left PFC positively correlated with the delayed navigation average total error ( r=0.33, P=0.037). The area under the ROC curve for the combined differences in cognitive assessments, spatial navigation behavior, and navigation-related brain network dFC was 0.966 in predicting biased constitution versus balanced constitution in participants with SCD. Conclusions:Individuals with SCD and biased constitutions demonstrated poorer spatial navigation ability, possibly due to altered dFC within the spatial navigation brain network. Furthermore, the integrated model based on spatial navigation behaviors and dFC exhibited a high predictive value in distinguishing between individuals with SCD who had balanced and biased constitutions.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of super-selective ophthalmic artery thrombolysis in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).Methods:This is a retrospective case series study,based on the analysis of clinical data of 50 non-arteritic CRAO patients. The patients were advised to be treated with super-selective intra-ocular arterial thrombolysis at the Neurosurgery Department, Shenyang No. 4 People′s Hospital from May to December 2024, and treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis and postoperative management guidance by the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command. There were 36 males and 14 females, aged (59.5±10.2)years (range: 41 to 75 years). There were 5 cases of complete obstruction of the central retinal artery and 45 cases of subtotal obstruction.Before the operation, all patients underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)+ocular vascular ultrasonography, and their visual acuity was measured using a standard visual acuity logarithmic scale, visual field was measured using the contrast visual field examination method;One week after the operation, all patients were rechecked for OCTA, visual acuity and visual field. The patients′ preoperative and postoperative visual field recovery status were compared. Significant effect was defined as an improvement of more than 3 lines of visual acuity or a complete improvement of visual field defects after treatment compared with pretreatment visual acuity; effectiveness was defined as an improvement of 1 to 2 lines of visual acuity or an improvement of visual field defects after treatment compared with pretreatment visual acuity.Results:The overall effective rate of 50 patients with CRAO treated with super-selective ophthalmic artery urokinase thrombolysis was 94.0% (47/50), with 29 very effective, 18 effective and 3 ineffective. The time from onset to surgery was 0 to 6 hours in 5 patients, with an effective rate of 5/5; >6 to 24 hours in 11 patients, with an effective rate of 10/11; >1 to 7 days in 21 patients, with an effective rate of 90.5%(19/21); >7 to 14 days in 9 patients, with an effective rate of 9/9; and >14 to 21 days in 4 patients, with an effective rate of 4/4, and the difference in effective rate between the different time windows of thrombolytic therapy was not statistically significant ( P=0.961). There were 3 cases of intraoperative and postoperative complications, including 1 case of ophthalmic artery entrapment, 1 case of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm and 1 case of fundus hemorrhage, but all of them were cured after symptomatic treatment. Conclusions:Intra-arterial thrombolysis for CRAO patients has a high effective rate and a low complication rate. The surgical time window can be extended to 21 days after the onset, which is of positive significance for the recovery and improvement of the patient′s final visual acuity.