Objective: To understand the trend of mortality and life loss of primary liver cancer (PLC) in Yuyao City from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide the basis for formulating comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies of PLC. Methods: The PLC mortality data of registered population in Yuyao City from 2014 to 2023 were collected from Ningbo Municipal Chronic Disease Surveillance System. Crude mortality of PLC was calculated, and standardized using the data from the Sixth National Population Census in 2010 (Chinese-standardized rate) and the Segi's world standard population in 1960 (world-standardized rate). The mortality characteristics of PLC among different genders and age groups were analyzed. The disease burden of PLC was assessed using potential years of life lost (PYLL), average years of life lost (AYLL), and potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR). The trends in PLC mortality and disease burden from 2014 to 2023 were analyzed using the average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: There were 2 072 PLC deaths in Yuyao City from 2014 to 2023, and the crude mortality was 24.81/100 000, the Chinese-standardized rate was 14.24/100 000, and world-standardized rate was 10.85/100 000, all showed a downward trend (AAPC=-5.874%, -9.053% and -9.147%, all P<0.05). The crude mortality in males was higher than that in female (35.93/100 000 vs. 14.02/100 000, P<0.05). The trends in crude mortality, Chinese-standardized rate, and world-standardized rate of PLC for males and females were consistent with those of the entire population. The youngest age at death from PLC was 9.42 years, and the oldest was 96.91 years. The average age at death increased from 64.34 years in 2014 to 69.81 years in 2023 (AAPC=0.965%, P<0.05). The crude mortality rate of PLC increased with age (P<0.05), reaching a peak at 94.61/100 000 in those aged ≥85 years. The PYLL of PLC was 17 018.00 person-years, the AYLL was 13.60 years/person, and the PYLLR was 2.89‰. From 2014 to 2023, both PYLL and PYLLR showed downward trends (AAPC=-10.543% and -9.789%, both P<0.05). Conclusions From 2014 to 2023, the mortality, PYLL, and PYLLR of PLC in Yuyao City all showed downward trends. Men and the elderly were key groups for the prevention and control of PLC.

BackgroundStudents in secondary vocational health school are at the age of puberty and prone to depressive symptoms. Peer victimization and social media addiction are found to be crucial in influencing the development of depression， and positive mental health has been proven to alleviate depressive symptoms， whereas there remains a striking lack of research on the mediating role of positive mental health and social media addiction in the relationship between peer victimization and depressive symptoms among secondary vocational health school students. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between peer victimization and depressive symptoms and investigate the mediating role of positive mental health and social media addiction， so as to provide references for the prevention of depression among secondary vocational health school students. MethodsFrom October to December 2020， a cluster sampling framework was utilized to recruit 7 307 students from a secondary vocational health school in Luzhou City， Sichuan Province. Assessments were performed using Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale （MPVS）， Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale （WEMWBS）， Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale （BSMAS） and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item （PHQ-9）. Spearman correlation analysis was calculated to determine correlations between scores of scales， Process 4.0 was employed to test the mediation effect， and the bias-corrected Bootstrap procedure was used to test the significance of the mediation effect. ResultsA total of 7 044 （96.40%） valid questionnaires were collected. And 4 391（62.34%）students were found to have depressive symptoms. Correlation analysis revealed that PHQ-9 score was positively correlated with BSMAS score and MPVS score （r=0.404， 0.506， P<0.01）. WEMWBS score was negatively correlated with PHQ-9 score， BSMAS score and MPVS score （r=-0.587， -0.259， -0.358， P<0.01）. BSMAS score was positively correlated with MPVS score （r=0.328， P<0.01）. Positive mental health played a mediating role in the relationship between peer victimization and depressive symptoms， with an indirect effect value of 0.130 （95% CI： 0.119~0.141）， accounting for 30.81% of the total effect. Social media addiction also mediated the relationship between peer victimization and depressive symptoms， with an indirect effect value of 0.052 （95% CI： 0.045~0.059）， accounting for 12.34% of the total effect. Positive mental health and social media addiction exhibited a chained mediation effect on the relationship between peer victimization and depressive symptoms， with an indirect effect value of 0.012 （95% CI： 0.010~0.014） and accounting for 2.84% of the total effect. ConclusionPeer victimization can affect the presence of depressive symptoms among secondary vocational health school students both directly and indirectly through either separate or chained mediation of positive mental health and social media addiction.

DNA double-strand breaks represent a common type of serious DNA damage in living organisms, causing instability of the genome and leading to cell death. Homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) are the two main ways to repair DNA double-strand breaks. The core components involved in the NHEJ pathway are highly conserved in both yeast and humans. A few bacteria such as Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis also have the NHEJ mechanism. NHEJ plays a key role in the double strand repair of Mycobacterium in latency. This paper summarizes the mechanism and important components of NHEJ in Mycobacterium, introduces the application of NHEJ in gene editing, and reviews the research progress of the NHEJ pathway in Mycobacterium. We hope to bring new insights into the molecular mechanism and provide clues for the application of NHEJ in Mycobacterium.
DNA End-Joining Repair/physiology* ; Gene Editing/methods* ; Mycobacterium/physiology* ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Humans

Objective:It analyzes the flow characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of intra-provincial cross-regional medical patients in Guangdong,while comparing hospitalization cost differences between local and non-local care.Methods:Based on 2022-2023 cross-regional medical data from Guangdong,spatial visualization and descriptive analysis were conducted combined with Mann-Whitney U test to compare the cost burden.Results:Cross-Regional patients in Guangdong primarily flow to Guangzhou,accounting for 77.8％of the total intra-provincial cross-regional hospitalizations.Cross-regional medical expenses were significantly higher than the insured locations,with notable differences in mean total hospitalization costs and personal out-of-pocket payment ratios.Conclusion:Refining pre-approval procedures for cross-regional care,enhancing specialized medical departments in under-resourced regions,and strengthening coordination between healthcare insurance systems and primary healthcare strengthening initiatives are needed to promote balanced medical resource allocation and reduce the cost burden on patients.

Objective:It analyzes the flow characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of intra-provincial cross-regional medical patients in Guangdong,while comparing hospitalization cost differences between local and non-local care.Methods:Based on 2022-2023 cross-regional medical data from Guangdong,spatial visualization and descriptive analysis were conducted combined with Mann-Whitney U test to compare the cost burden.Results:Cross-Regional patients in Guangdong primarily flow to Guangzhou,accounting for 77.8％of the total intra-provincial cross-regional hospitalizations.Cross-regional medical expenses were significantly higher than the insured locations,with notable differences in mean total hospitalization costs and personal out-of-pocket payment ratios.Conclusion:Refining pre-approval procedures for cross-regional care,enhancing specialized medical departments in under-resourced regions,and strengthening coordination between healthcare insurance systems and primary healthcare strengthening initiatives are needed to promote balanced medical resource allocation and reduce the cost burden on patients.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have the disease phenomenon of fear of exercise because of dyspnea, which can accelerate the body degradation rate, weaken muscle strength, reverse increase dyspnea, and delay the recovery of the disease. As a result, this article examines the theoretical underpinnings and specific measures of dyspnea belief intervention programs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients at home and abroad, summarizes the limitations of previous studies, and makes pertinent recommendations in an effort to serve as a guide for early patient prevention and the development of scientific and feasible intervention programs.

Objective: Previous research has explored a variety of mental disorders associated with Internet Gaming Disoder (IGD) and Social Media Addiction (SMA). To date, few studies focused on the network characteristics and investigated mood and sleep symptoms across SMA and IGD of adolescence at a group-specific level. This study aims to identify different characteristics of IGD and SMA and further determine the group-specific psychopathology process among adolescents. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to recruit a cohort of 7,246 adolescents who were scored passing the cutoff point of Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, as grouped in IGD and SMA, or otherwise into the control group. Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were assessed for the current study, and all assessed items were investigated using network analysis. Results: Based on the analytical procedure, the participants were divided into three groups, the IGD group (n=789), SMA group (n=713) and control group (n=5,744). The edge weight bootstrapping analysis shows that different groups of networks reach certain accuracy, and the network structures of the three groups are statistically different (pcontrol-IGD=0.004, pcontrol-SMA<0.001, pIGD-SMA<0.001). The core symptom of SMA is “feeling down, depressed, or hopeless”, while IGD is “feeling tired or having little energy”. Conclusion Although IGD and SMA are both subtypes of internet addiction, the psychopathology processes of IGD and SMA are different. When dealing with IGD and SMA, different symptoms should be addressed.

Objective:To isolate and screen Lactobacillus crispatus from healthy female vagina and evaluate its probiotic characteristics in vitro in order to provide a new strain for further screening and study of microecological agents for effective treatment of female reproductive system diseases. Methods:The vaginal secretions of 10 healthy women were collected and screened in Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from April 2023 to May 2023. Lactobacillus crispatus was identified by 16S rRNA sequence, and its growth characteristics, acid-producing ability, H 2O 2 producing ability and bacteriostatic ability were detected. Results:Totally 39 strains of Lactobacillus crispatus were isolated and identified from 10 healthy women. The logarithmic growth phase of Lactobacillus crispatus was 10-40 h, among which Lactobacillus crispatus 4-5 and Lactobacillus crispatus 6-7 grew faster. The pH of Lactobacillus crispatus decreased rapidly within 8-24 h, and the pH of 48 h was stable between 3.89 and 4.05. Among them, Lactobacillus crispatus 6-6, 6-7, 6-9, 6-11 had better acid production. All 10 strains of Lactobacillus crispatus could produce H 2O 2, and Lactobacillus crispatus 4-5, 4-11, 6-5 and 6-7 had better H 2O 2 production. Lactobacillus crispatus 6-5, 6-7 and 6-9 had better inhibitory effect on Candida albicans, in which the diameters of bacteriostatic zone were (20.90±0.31) mm, (20.61±0.70) mm and (21.73±0.37) mm, respectively. Lactobacillus crispatus 4-5 and 6-7 had better inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Among them, the diameters of bacteriostatic zone were (20.95±0.07) mm, (23.52±0.49) mm and (23.49±0.34) mm, respectively. Lactobacillus crispatus 6-5, 6-6 and 6-7 had better inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, the diameters of bacteriostatic zone were (19.03±0.23) mm, (18.20±0.18) mm and (18.55±0.29) mm, respectively. Conclusion:Lactobacillus crispatus 6-5 and 6-7 have good acid production, hydrogen peroxide production, bacteriostatic activity and excellent biological characteristics, so they are expected to be candidate strains for the treatment of female reproductive system diseases.

Objective:To delve into the impact of various growth factors and small molecule components on the growth of mouse mammary epithelial organoids,and to establish a tumor protein 53(TP53)knockout(KO)mouse mammary epithelial organoid model for disease research.Methods:The effect of various culture media(B1-B12),each containing distinct growth factors and small molecule components,on the growth of organoids derived from primary mammary epithelial cells were prepared.The number and size of mammary epithelial organoids were observed and documented through optical microscopy,while their proliferative capacity was assessed using the CCK-8 assay.Subsequently,a TP53 KO mammary epithelial organoid model was established using TP53 conditional KO mice.The difference in the growth and phenotypic characteristics of TP53 wild-type(WT)and TP53 KO organoids were recorded and compared.Results:Noggin-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signaling pathway were identified crucial for the formation of mammary epithelial organoids.Compared with other media(B1-B6),the complete medium B11 demonstrated better capability in facilitating organoid formation and maintaining the heterogeneity of mammary epithelial cells consistently.In contrast,mammary gland organoids cultured in B12 medium predominantly differentiated into basal-type mammary epithelial cells,possibly due to the addition of Wnt-3a.TP53 KO organoids cultured in B11 medium exhibited a faster growth rate and larger size compared to TP53 WT organoids.Conclusion:The B11 medium can reliably establish an in vitro organoid model of mammary epithelium with the capability of serial passage.Wnt-3a appears to play a crucial role in the formation of basal-type mammary epithelial organoids.

Objective:To isolate and screen Lactobacillus crispatus from healthy female vagina and evaluate its probiotic characteristics in vitro in order to provide a new strain for further screening and study of microecological agents for effective treatment of female reproductive system diseases. Methods:The vaginal secretions of 10 healthy women were collected and screened in Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from April 2023 to May 2023. Lactobacillus crispatus was identified by 16S rRNA sequence, and its growth characteristics, acid-producing ability, H 2O 2 producing ability and bacteriostatic ability were detected. Results:Totally 39 strains of Lactobacillus crispatus were isolated and identified from 10 healthy women. The logarithmic growth phase of Lactobacillus crispatus was 10-40 h, among which Lactobacillus crispatus 4-5 and Lactobacillus crispatus 6-7 grew faster. The pH of Lactobacillus crispatus decreased rapidly within 8-24 h, and the pH of 48 h was stable between 3.89 and 4.05. Among them, Lactobacillus crispatus 6-6, 6-7, 6-9, 6-11 had better acid production. All 10 strains of Lactobacillus crispatus could produce H 2O 2, and Lactobacillus crispatus 4-5, 4-11, 6-5 and 6-7 had better H 2O 2 production. Lactobacillus crispatus 6-5, 6-7 and 6-9 had better inhibitory effect on Candida albicans, in which the diameters of bacteriostatic zone were (20.90±0.31) mm, (20.61±0.70) mm and (21.73±0.37) mm, respectively. Lactobacillus crispatus 4-5 and 6-7 had better inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Among them, the diameters of bacteriostatic zone were (20.95±0.07) mm, (23.52±0.49) mm and (23.49±0.34) mm, respectively. Lactobacillus crispatus 6-5, 6-6 and 6-7 had better inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, the diameters of bacteriostatic zone were (19.03±0.23) mm, (18.20±0.18) mm and (18.55±0.29) mm, respectively. Conclusion:Lactobacillus crispatus 6-5 and 6-7 have good acid production, hydrogen peroxide production, bacteriostatic activity and excellent biological characteristics, so they are expected to be candidate strains for the treatment of female reproductive system diseases.