Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an inflammatory disease characterized by a continuous diffuse lesion in the colorectal mucosa.Macrophages,as key players in the inflammatory microenvironment,are significantly correlated with the development of UC.Based on the TCM pathogenesis of UC,this article reviewed the current research status of targeted regulation of macrophages in the treatment of UC using TCM,summarized the biological processes related to macrophages and their role in the progression of UC,and concluded the molecular mechanism of TCM treatment of UC targeting macrophages.It found that the active components of Chinese materia medica,TCM compounds,and TCM non-pharmacological therapies mainly regulate macrophage activity by regulating macrophage polarization,autophagy,pyroptosis,metabolic reprogramming,oxidative stress,and other processes,thereby delaying the progression of UC.This article aimed to provide references for in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of UC and the TCM prevention and treatment of UC.

Objectives:To investigate the incidence of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) withdrawal syndrome and psychological issues, and their associated factors, in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP) after TKI discontinuation.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of CML-CP patients who discontinued TKI therapy at Peking University People's Hospital after September 2012. Logistic regression models were used to identify independent factors associated with the occurrence of TKI withdrawal syndrome and psychological issues.Results:A total of 158 patients were included, of whom 92 (58%) were female. The median age at discontinuation was 50 ( IQR, 35-60) years. With a median follow-up of 25 ( IQR, 11-49) months, the 4-year rate of sustained major molecular response (MMR) was 60% (95% CI: 51%-70%) . Fifty-one (32%) patients experienced TKI withdrawal syndrome at a median of 1.3 ( IQR, 0.5-2.0) months after TKI discontinuation. Fifty-one (32%) patients reported psychological issues such as anxiety. These concerns stemmed from fears of fluctuating BCR::ABL1 levels or disease relapse, and, for those who discontinued TKI for pregnancy, worries about adverse fetal effects and/or the fetus inheriting CML. Multivariable analyses revealed that older age at discontinuation [ P=0.003 when adjusting for TKI therapy duration; P=0.002 when adjusting for deep molecular response (DMR) duration], longer TKI therapy duration ( P=0.010) , and longer DMR duration before discontinuation ( P=0.005) were significantly associated with a higher risk of TKI withdrawal syndrome; a university degree or higher ( P=0.010) and TKI discontinuation due to pregnancy or adverse events ( P=0.001) were significantly associated with psychological issues after discontinuation. The occurrence of TKI withdrawal syndrome or psychological issues had no impact on the probability of major molecular response loss after discontinuation. Conclusion:TKI withdrawal syndrome and psychological issues are common in CML patients who discontinue TKI therapy. Older age at discontinuation and longer TKI therapy duration or DMR duration are significantly associated with TKI withdrawal syndrome. Higher education level and TKI discontinuation due to pregnancy or adverse events are significantly associated with psychological issues.

Background: Psoralea corylifolia L. (Buguzhi, BGZ), known for its efficacy in supporting pregnancy and preventing miscarriage, has been used in China for over 1000 years. Recently, BGZ has been identified as a potential cause of drug-induced liver injury. However, its safety during pregnancy remains unclear, which significantly hinders its routine clinical application. Objective: To investigate the effects of BGZ administration during pregnancy on the liver of mouse mothers and their weaned 21-day-old offspring. Methods: Mice were orally administered BGZ at doses of 2.5 and 10 g/kg during pregnancy, with BGZ withdrawal during the lactation period. Liver histopathology (hematoxylin-eosin staining), biochemical analysis, and evaluation of liver bile acid metabolism were performed after the lactation period. Results: BGZ administration at doses of 2.5 and 10 g/kg during pregnancy, followed by withdrawal during the lactation period, caused mild liver damage in both mothers and their 21-day-old offspring. Serum total bile acid (TBA) levels were elevated compared with those in the control group. Additionally, changes were observed in the levels and proportions of various bile acids (BAs) in the liver, suggesting mild effects on BA metabolism. Conclusion: BGZ administration during pregnancy caused mild liver damage and increased serum TBA levels in both mouse mothers and their 21-day-old offspring. This phenomenon may be associated with imbalanced BA metabolism in the liver. Based on the present study and the limited toxicological research on BGZ, pregnant women should avoid prolonged use of BGZ. If BGZ is administered during pregnancy, serum TBA levels should be monitored, and if elevated, BGZ should be discontinued.

Objective To explore conventional MRI and synthetic MRI(syMRI)quantitative parameter histogram features contributing to predicting tumor infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)level of breast cancer.Methods A total of 114 female patients with solitary breast cancer were retrospectively included and divided into the low-TIL group(L group,0-10%,n=70)and high-TIL group(H group,＞10%,n=44).Conventional MRI features of breast cancer were analyzed based on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI(DCE-MRI),and histogram features of syMRI quantitative parameters(T1,T2 and proton density[PD])images were extracted,including the 10th and 90th percentile(abbreviated to 10th and 90th,respectively),mean,entropy,kurtosis and skewness,which were then compared between groups.Multivariate logistic regression was used to screen the independent predictors for TIL level among histogram features of syMRI quantitative parameters.Results The proportion of Luminal A breast cancer was lower,while the proportion of HER2-positive breast cancer was higher in H group than those in L group(both adjusted P＜0.05).H group had a higher proportion of lesions with regular margin than L group(P＜0.05).H group exhibited higher value of T1-10th,T1-90th,T1-mean,T2-10th,T2-mean and lower value of PD-skewness compared to those in L group(all P＜0.05).T2-mean was identified as an independent predictor of TIL level of breast cancer(P＜0.05),and its area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)was 0.780.Conclusion Tumor margin characteristics on conventional MRI and histogram feature T2-mean based on syMRI contributed to predicting TIL level of breast cancer.

Objective To explore conventional MRI and synthetic MRI(syMRI)quantitative parameter histogram features contributing to predicting tumor infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)level of breast cancer.Methods A total of 114 female patients with solitary breast cancer were retrospectively included and divided into the low-TIL group(L group,0-10%,n=70)and high-TIL group(H group,＞10%,n=44).Conventional MRI features of breast cancer were analyzed based on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI(DCE-MRI),and histogram features of syMRI quantitative parameters(T1,T2 and proton density[PD])images were extracted,including the 10th and 90th percentile(abbreviated to 10th and 90th,respectively),mean,entropy,kurtosis and skewness,which were then compared between groups.Multivariate logistic regression was used to screen the independent predictors for TIL level among histogram features of syMRI quantitative parameters.Results The proportion of Luminal A breast cancer was lower,while the proportion of HER2-positive breast cancer was higher in H group than those in L group(both adjusted P＜0.05).H group had a higher proportion of lesions with regular margin than L group(P＜0.05).H group exhibited higher value of T1-10th,T1-90th,T1-mean,T2-10th,T2-mean and lower value of PD-skewness compared to those in L group(all P＜0.05).T2-mean was identified as an independent predictor of TIL level of breast cancer(P＜0.05),and its area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)was 0.780.Conclusion Tumor margin characteristics on conventional MRI and histogram feature T2-mean based on syMRI contributed to predicting TIL level of breast cancer.

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an inflammatory disease characterized by a continuous diffuse lesion in the colorectal mucosa.Macrophages,as key players in the inflammatory microenvironment,are significantly correlated with the development of UC.Based on the TCM pathogenesis of UC,this article reviewed the current research status of targeted regulation of macrophages in the treatment of UC using TCM,summarized the biological processes related to macrophages and their role in the progression of UC,and concluded the molecular mechanism of TCM treatment of UC targeting macrophages.It found that the active components of Chinese materia medica,TCM compounds,and TCM non-pharmacological therapies mainly regulate macrophage activity by regulating macrophage polarization,autophagy,pyroptosis,metabolic reprogramming,oxidative stress,and other processes,thereby delaying the progression of UC.This article aimed to provide references for in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of UC and the TCM prevention and treatment of UC.

Objectives:To investigate the incidence of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) withdrawal syndrome and psychological issues, and their associated factors, in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP) after TKI discontinuation.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of CML-CP patients who discontinued TKI therapy at Peking University People's Hospital after September 2012. Logistic regression models were used to identify independent factors associated with the occurrence of TKI withdrawal syndrome and psychological issues.Results:A total of 158 patients were included, of whom 92 (58%) were female. The median age at discontinuation was 50 ( IQR, 35-60) years. With a median follow-up of 25 ( IQR, 11-49) months, the 4-year rate of sustained major molecular response (MMR) was 60% (95% CI: 51%-70%) . Fifty-one (32%) patients experienced TKI withdrawal syndrome at a median of 1.3 ( IQR, 0.5-2.0) months after TKI discontinuation. Fifty-one (32%) patients reported psychological issues such as anxiety. These concerns stemmed from fears of fluctuating BCR::ABL1 levels or disease relapse, and, for those who discontinued TKI for pregnancy, worries about adverse fetal effects and/or the fetus inheriting CML. Multivariable analyses revealed that older age at discontinuation [ P=0.003 when adjusting for TKI therapy duration; P=0.002 when adjusting for deep molecular response (DMR) duration], longer TKI therapy duration ( P=0.010) , and longer DMR duration before discontinuation ( P=0.005) were significantly associated with a higher risk of TKI withdrawal syndrome; a university degree or higher ( P=0.010) and TKI discontinuation due to pregnancy or adverse events ( P=0.001) were significantly associated with psychological issues after discontinuation. The occurrence of TKI withdrawal syndrome or psychological issues had no impact on the probability of major molecular response loss after discontinuation. Conclusion:TKI withdrawal syndrome and psychological issues are common in CML patients who discontinue TKI therapy. Older age at discontinuation and longer TKI therapy duration or DMR duration are significantly associated with TKI withdrawal syndrome. Higher education level and TKI discontinuation due to pregnancy or adverse events are significantly associated with psychological issues.

Objective To compare the effects of different doses of phillyrin(PHN)on the injury of human retinal vascular endothelial cells(RVECs)induced by high glucose(HG)and analyze its regulatory effect on the expression of complement C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3(CTRP3)and its possible mechanism.Methods RVECs were cultured with HG to establish cell injury models(HG group).RVECs in the HG+PHN-L group,HG+PHN-M group,and HG+PHN-H group were treated with 1 μmol·L-1,10 μmol·L-1,and 100 μmol·L-1 PHN,respectively,followed by HG induction.RVECs in the HG+pcDNA group and HG+pcDNA-CTRP3 group were transfected with pcDNA and pcDNA-CTRP3,respectively,followed by HG induction.RVECs in the HG+PHN-H+sh-NC group and HG+PHN-H+sh-CTRP3 group were transfected with sh-NC and sh-CTRP3,respectively,then induced by HG and treated with 100 μmol·L-1 PHN.The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)were meas-ured.Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X(Bax)and CTRP3 protein were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blot,respectively.Results Compared with the Con group,the cell apoptosis rate and the levels of MDA and Bax protein in the HG group increased,while the levels of SOD,GSH-Px,Bcl-2 protein,CTRP3 mRNA and protein decreased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the HG group,the cell apoptosis rate and the levels of MDA and Bax protein in the HG+PHN-L,HG+PHN-M,and HG+PHN-H groups decreased(HG+PHN-H group＜HG+PHN-M group＜HG+PHN-L group),while the levels of SOD,GSH-Px,Bcl-2 protein,CTRP3 mRNA and protein increased(HG+PHN-H group＞HG+PHN-M group＞HG+PHN-L group)(all P＜0.05).Compared with the HG+pcDNA group,the cell apoptosis rate and the levels of MDA and Bax protein in the HG+pcDNA-CTRP3 group decreased,while the levels of SOD,GSH-Px,CTRP3 protein,and Bcl-2 protein increased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the HG+PHN-H+sh-NC group,the HG+PHN-H+sh-CTRP3 group showed an increase in the cell apoptosis rate and the levels of MDA and Bax protein and a decrease in the levels of SOD,GSH-Px,CTRP3 protein,and Bcl-2 protein(all P＜0.05).Conclusion PHN can alleviate HG-induced damage to RVECs,which may be related to the upregulation of the CTRP3 expression.

Objective To optimize of flash extraction parameters for Huangshen Changshu lotion based on response surface methodology.Methods Using flash extraction technology,the comprehensive scores of the extraction amount of rhein,emodin,and dry cream yield were used as evaluation indicators.The Box Behnken Design program provided by Response Surface Design Expert software was used for experimental design to optimize the optimal process parameters for flash extraction of Huangshen Changshu lotion,and compared with traditional extraction processes.Results The optimal extraction process parameters for Huangshen Changshu lotion flash extraction are as follows:a rotational speed of 4 000 r·min-1,a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25(g·mL-1),and an extraction time of 100 s.Conclusion The flash extraction process technology for Huangshen Changshu lotion established through research is feasible and has obvious advantages compared to traditional extraction processes,providing a research foundation for new extraction processes and subsequent drug development of Huangshen Changshu lotion.

Objective:To investigate the effect of BOPPPS teaching model combined with virtual simulation technologyin the teaching of Prevention and treatment of Major Infectious Diseases,in order to explore innovative teaching model and provide evidence for improving students'comprehensive ability to deal with major infectious disease events.Methods:Undergraduates from three classes of preventive medicine major in a medical university were selected as the research objects.One class was given the new teaching model,and the other two classes were given the traditional teaching model.The total scores,the theoretical score and the skill score were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 141 students participated in the survey,49 students in the new teaching model group,and 92 students in the traditional teaching model group.The results showed that compared with the traditional model group,the total score,the theoretical score,the skill score of the new model group was significantly higher(P＜0.01).However,there was no significant difference between male and female students in each group(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Compared with the traditional teaching model,the students in the new teaching model has a good teaching effect,which can improve the students'theoretical knowledge level,cultivate the students'emergency response ability,and improve the students'comprehensive ability of discovery,analysis and solution.Boys and girls have the same acceptance of the two teaching models,and gender does not affect the teaching effect.