Atherosclerosis(AS)is a multifactorial disease,in which mitochondrial dysfunction of macrophages plays a key role.Mitochondrial dysfunction of macrophages affects polarization direction of macrophages and leads to severe inflammatory reac-tions,is a potential therapeutic target for AS.This article mainly reviews the latest research progress on role of macrophage mitochon-drial dysfunction in occurrence and development of AS,as well as treatment methods for improving macrophage mitochondrial function.

Atherosclerosis(AS)is a multifactorial disease,in which mitochondrial dysfunction of macrophages plays a key role.Mitochondrial dysfunction of macrophages affects polarization direction of macrophages and leads to severe inflammatory reac-tions,is a potential therapeutic target for AS.This article mainly reviews the latest research progress on role of macrophage mitochon-drial dysfunction in occurrence and development of AS,as well as treatment methods for improving macrophage mitochondrial function.

Objective To summarize the whole process comprehensive management experience in transfemoral aortic valve replacement(TF-TAVR)using self-expanding valve in 79 patients with pure native aortic valve regurgitation(PNAR).Methods The nursing team adopted a multi-team collaboration approach.Preoperative nursing assessment and full preparation,enhanced psychological support,and sleep management were carefully carried out;during the operation,nurses well cooperated with doctor,implemented predictive care and intervention for possible complications;and after surgery the hemodynamics and respiratory functions were closely monitored to promptly detect and manage the complications,and to implement the infection prevention cluster management process and discharge preparation services.Besides,the comprehensive management measures throughout the entire process,the occurrence of complications and corresponding nursing responses,as well as the six-minute walk test before and after the operation were recorded.The Discharge Readiness Scale was used to evaluate the implementation of patient discharge readiness services so as to check the implementation effect of the comprehensive whole process management measures.Results Through the implementation of comprehensive whole process management measures,the surgery-related ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest obtained accurate and timely treatment,no newly-developed complications such as deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs occurred.Through the implementation of infection cluster nursing measures,the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients decreased from 52.00％in the early stage of carrying out the management measures to 9.26％.Through the implementation of discharge preparation services and continuous quality improvement,the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)value in 64 patients receiving successful TAVR increased from(44.06±5.51)％to(54.67±5.20)％,and the difference was statistically significant(t=19.634,P＜0.001).On the day of discharge,the six-minute walk test distance increased from preoperative(131.39±39.36)meters to postoperative(180.77±29.72)meters,and the difference was statistically significant(t=10.898,P＜0.001).The average self-assessment score of discharge readiness of patients was(7.33±1.41)points.All patients were well recovered when discharged from hospital.Conclusion According to the different surgical key points and the difficult problems,full and effective implementation of comprehensive whole process management measures can ensure that the PNAR patients are able to smoothly pass through the perioperative period and obtain a satisfactory recovery after receiving TF-TAVR.

This study summarized the nursing experience of midline catheter insertion in 12 patients with a body mass index≥50,providing clinical references.Key nursing interventions included:pre-insertion patient positioning was adjusted to semi-Fowler's or sitting position based on respiratory status.The puncture sites were chosen at the middle or distal third of the upper arm with elbow flexion.The widened tourniquets and extended-length needles/catheter sheaths were used according to vascular depth and puncture angle.The modified pre-insertion length measurement and real-time ultrasound-guided vascular puncture were applied.The catheter with crisscross elastic bandage was secured post-insertion.All 12 patients successfully underwent catheterization,with devices removed after completing intravenous therapy and blood sampling.

Objective:To quantify thoracic and abdominal movements during breathing using inertial measurement units (IMUs) and to build a machine learning model which identifies the abdominal breathing (AB) pattern.Methods:Ten rehabilitation therapists formed the study′s professional group, while 15 patients receiving AB training comprised the validation group. Two synchronized IMUs were applied to capture breathing motions during natural breathing (NB), deep breathing (DB) and AB. Six kinematic features were extracted from each respiratory cycle, and inter-group and inter-pattern differences were analyzed. Correlation analysis was also performed with manually measured changes in thoracic and abdominal circumferences. A support vector classification model for AB pattern detection was then developed using data from the professional and validation groups.Results:A total of 1113 respiratory cycles were extracted and analyzed. The breathing pattern significantly influenced all of the kinematic features studied (0.21≤partial η 2≤0.65, all P≤0.001). The ranges of the angles in medial-lateral axis of the IMUs showed strong correlation with the changes in abdominal and thoracic circumferences (ρ1=0.928, ρ2=0.807, P≤0.001 in both cases). A greater range of abdominal angles was found during AB compared to the other patterns. The best of the models achieved an F1 score of 0.970 (sensitivity: 0.983, specificity: 0.980) in validation. Conclusions:AB generates the greatest abdominal movement. Combining IMUs and machine learning can provide real-time quantification of chest movement and accurate detection of AB during breathing training.

This study summarized the nursing experience of midline catheter insertion in 12 patients with a body mass index≥50,providing clinical references.Key nursing interventions included:pre-insertion patient positioning was adjusted to semi-Fowler's or sitting position based on respiratory status.The puncture sites were chosen at the middle or distal third of the upper arm with elbow flexion.The widened tourniquets and extended-length needles/catheter sheaths were used according to vascular depth and puncture angle.The modified pre-insertion length measurement and real-time ultrasound-guided vascular puncture were applied.The catheter with crisscross elastic bandage was secured post-insertion.All 12 patients successfully underwent catheterization,with devices removed after completing intravenous therapy and blood sampling.

Objective:To quantify thoracic and abdominal movements during breathing using inertial measurement units (IMUs) and to build a machine learning model which identifies the abdominal breathing (AB) pattern.Methods:Ten rehabilitation therapists formed the study′s professional group, while 15 patients receiving AB training comprised the validation group. Two synchronized IMUs were applied to capture breathing motions during natural breathing (NB), deep breathing (DB) and AB. Six kinematic features were extracted from each respiratory cycle, and inter-group and inter-pattern differences were analyzed. Correlation analysis was also performed with manually measured changes in thoracic and abdominal circumferences. A support vector classification model for AB pattern detection was then developed using data from the professional and validation groups.Results:A total of 1113 respiratory cycles were extracted and analyzed. The breathing pattern significantly influenced all of the kinematic features studied (0.21≤partial η 2≤0.65, all P≤0.001). The ranges of the angles in medial-lateral axis of the IMUs showed strong correlation with the changes in abdominal and thoracic circumferences (ρ1=0.928, ρ2=0.807, P≤0.001 in both cases). A greater range of abdominal angles was found during AB compared to the other patterns. The best of the models achieved an F1 score of 0.970 (sensitivity: 0.983, specificity: 0.980) in validation. Conclusions:AB generates the greatest abdominal movement. Combining IMUs and machine learning can provide real-time quantification of chest movement and accurate detection of AB during breathing training.

Objective:To observe the correlation between retinal capillary density and retinal thickness in the macula and spherical equivalent (SE) in school-age children.Methods:A cross-sectional study. From May to December 2022, 182 school-age children who visited the ophthalmology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were included. There were 95 males and 87 females. The age ranged from 6 to 12 years, and the spherical equivalent (SE) was +0.50 to -6.00 D. They were divided into three groups based on the SE of the right eyes: 54 eyes in emmetropia group (+0.50≤SE<-0.50 D), 71 eyes in low myopia group (-0.50≤SE<-3.00 D), and 57 eyes in moderate myopia group (-3.00≤SE≤-6.00 D). The macular area of 6 mm×6 mm was scanned using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography and was divided into three concentric rings centered on the fovea, including the macular central fovea (0-1 mm diameter), inner ring (1-3 mm diameter) and outer ring (3-6 mm diameter). The retinal thickness and blood flow density of superficial vascular plexus (SVP) and deep vascular plexus (DVP) in different zones within 6 mm of the macular area were measured. The relationships between SE and SVP, DVP and retinal thickness in each ring region were investigated by univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effects.Results:There were significant differences in the SVP ( F=6.64, 26.06, 22.69) and DVP ( F=7.97, 25.01, 5.09) of macular central fovea, inner ring and outer ring among the emmetropia, low myopia and moderate myopia groups ( P<0.05). Univariate linear regression analysis showed that the SVP ( β=-0.56,-1.17, -0.79) and DVP ( β=-1.03, -0.93, -0.45) of the three regions were positively correlated with SE ( P<0.05). After smooth curve fitting, threshold effect analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis, the SVP and DVP in the macular central fovea were linearly positively correlated with SE ( β=-0.91, -1.40; P<0.05), and SVP and DVP in the inner ring and outer ring showed an inverted U-shaped curve relationship with SE with the inflection (<3.00 D). When the SE was less than <3.00 D, the SVP and DVP in the inner ring and outer ring were positively correlated with SE ( P<0.05). When the SE was higher than -3.00 D, except for the DVP in the inner ring region, the other parameters were negatively correlated with SE ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in retinal thickness of the inner ring and outer ring ( F=5.47, 16.36; P<0.05), and no significant difference in the macular central fovea among the emmetropia, low and moderate myopia groups ( F=2.16, P>0.05). By using univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses, the retinal thickness in the inner ring and outer ring were negatively correlated with SE ( β =1.99, 3.05; P<0.05). However, no correlation was found between retinal thickness and SE in the macular central fovea ( β=-1.65, P>0.05). Conclusions:In school-age children with SE between +0.50 D and -6.00 D, the retinal capillaries density of the macular central fovea gradually increase, and increase first and then decrease in the inner ring and outer ring with increasing SE. The retinal thickness of inner ring and outer ring gradually decrease and not change significantly in the macular central fovea.

Lymphoedema of lower extremities,chronic and progressive,will severely deteriorate the quality of life of patients as it progresses.Thus,early diagnosis and treatment to delay the progress of the disease is conducive to improving the prognosis of patients.At present,common techniques for the diagnosis of lower limb lymphedema,whose advantages and disadvantages vary,cannot be applied to individual case comprehensively.CEUS has the advantages of non-invasion,convenience,real-time,and good repeatability for this disease.CEUS can enhance the image of lymph in lymphatics,and has a high sensitivity to superficial lymphatics,gradually applied in lymphedema of lower limbs.This article reviews the application of CEUS in lower limb lymphedema.

OBJECTIVE To screen the potential active components of Polygonum orientale flower against myocardial ischemia- reperfusion injury （MIRI） in rats based on physiological and pathological states. METHODS SD rats were divided into normal control group， normal administration group， MIRI control group and MIRI administration group， with 5 rats in each group. After drug intervention or modeling and drug intervention， chromatographic separation plasma samples were collected， and chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry data collection were performed by using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The prototype components and metabolites were analyzed by comparing the reference substance maps， the maps of each plasma sample， and the relevant literature. At the same time， the common peaks in plasma samples of rats in normal administration group and MIRI administration group were identified. Combined with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis， the differential transitional components were screened out according to the value of variable importance in the projection （VIP）＞1， to speculate the potential active components of P. orientale flower in rats under physiological and pathological states. The SD rats were divided into control group， MIRI group， positive control group （Compound danshen tablets 0.2 g/kg， 3 times a day）， and potentially active compound groups （10 mg/kg， twice a day）， with 5 rats in each group. The rats in administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， for 3 consecutive days. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， the leakages of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB （CK-MB） and cardiac troponin Ⅰ （cTnⅠ） in plasma were detected after the last administration. RESULTS Twenty-six main chromatographic peaks were obtained from the total ion chromatogram of the extract of P. orientale flower， and 14 of them were determined， including gallic acid， catechin， protocatechuic acid and so on. There were fifteen （including 6 absorbed prototype components and 9 metabolites） and nineteen transitional components （including 6 absorbed prototype components and 13 metabolites） in the plasma sample of normal rats and MIRI rats. Eight transitional components were detected in both normal rats and MIRI rats， and the VIP values of kaempferol glucuronidation metabolites， quercetin carbonylation metabolites and N-p-paprazine to the corresponding peak were higher than 1. Compared with MIRI group， the activities of SOD were increased significantly in the plasma of MIRI rats in each potential active compound group （P＜0.01）， and the leakages of LDH， CK-MB， and cTnⅠ in the plasma of MIRI rats were reduced significantly （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The potential anti-MIRI active components in extract of P. orientale flower are N-p-paprazine， quercetin， kaempferol and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside.