Objective To develop a scientific,systematic and operational competency evaluation index system for primary and sec-ondary school special education teachers based on World Health Organization rehabilitation competency frame-work(RCF),integrating the inclusive teacher frameworks of United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)and European Union(EU)as well as China's Professional Standards for Special Educa-tion Teachers(Trial).Methods A core competency framework and content for special education teachers in primary and secondary schools was constructed based on RCF,using a systematic analysis of UNESCO and EU policy documents and the Minis-try of Education's Professional Standards for Special Education Teachers(Trial).On this foundation,a corre-sponding competency evaluation index system was developed.Results The competency framework for primary and secondary school special education teachers comprised five compe-tency domains and two supporting dimensions,including 25 core competency modules and 59 evaluation points.The five competency domains were educational and teaching practice,professional ethics and values,profession-al learning and development,management and collaborative leadership,and educational research and innovation.The two supporting dimensions were professional beliefs and core values.Conclusion The competency evaluation index system for primary and secondary school special education teachers em-phasizes educational equity,inclusive principles,and values of care and justice.It can be used for competency di-agnosis and assessment of teachers at different developmental stages,as well as for designing continuing educa-tion courses and professional development plans.

Objective:To develop a novel fibroblast activation protein (FAP) cyclic peptide imaging agent, Al 18F-FAP-NOX, evaluate its in vitro and in vivo properties, and explore its feasibility of PET/CT imaging in tumors with FAP positive expression. Methods:Al 18F-FAP-NOX was manually synthesized. The in vitro stability of Al 18F-FAP-NOX was determined using radio high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The lipid water partition coefficient log P, in vitro cell uptake experiments, microPET/CT imaging and biodistribution in 293T-FAP tumor-bearing mice were conducted to preliminarily evaluate the pharmacokinetics and biological efficacy of Al 18F-FAP-NOX. Afterwards, a patient (male, 65 years old) with lung cancer underwent Al 18F-FAP-NOX PET/CT imaging. Results:Al 18F-FAP-NOX was successfully synthesized with a yield of (26.28±2.31)% without attenuation correction ( n=4), and the radiochemical purity was more than 95%. Al 18F-FAP-NOX exhibited good stability and hydrophilicity (log P=-3.02±0.08, n=5). In cell assays, the uptake of Al 18F-FAP-NOX in HT1080-FAP cells reached the plateau phase at 15 min ((7.31±0.53) percentage activity of injection dose per million cells (%ID/mio cells)), exhibiting high cellular uptake. The uptake of Al 18F-FAP-NOX could be significantly inhibited by 1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-FAP-2286. The microPET/CT results of 293T-FAP tumor-bearing mice in vivo showed that Al 18F-FAP-NOX was highly uptaken in FAP-positive tumor tissues (60 min: (12.47±1.66) percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g)), while the uptake was very low in FAP-negative tumors. The biodistribution results were similar to the microPET/CT imaging results of tumor-bearing mice. The human clinical imaging showed an abnormal increase in Al 18F-FAP-NOX uptake (SUV max 5.5) of the lung cancer lesions. Conclusions:A novel cyclic peptide radiopharmaceutical, Al 18F-FAP-NOX, demonstrates good stability and hydrophilicity. It can be quickly distributed to tumor tissue in vivo. The human clinical PET/CT imaging shows certain diagnostic ability of Al 18F-FAP-NOX for lung cancer lesions. It is a promising cyclic peptide agent for PET imaging.

Objective Uranium compounds are critical materials in the nuclear industry, and their mining, processing, and use pose occupational exposure risks. Epidemiological studies have shown that uranium exposure can impair health, with acute uranium poisoning primarily causing structural and functional damage to the kidneys. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying uranium-induced kidney injury remain unclear, and traditional biological models used in toxicological research are inadequate for simulating the human microenvironment. This study employed a human kidney organoid model system to elucidate the nephrotoxic mechanisms of uranyl ions, providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of uranium poisoning. Methods Kidney organoids were constructed using the human embryonic stem cell line H1 and exposed to solutions with different uranyl ion concentrations. Morphological observation, ATP detection, reactive oxygen species detection, apoptosis assay, and untargeted metabolomics analysis were performed. Mechanisms of toxicity were further explored through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Results Uranium exposure led to structural damage in the organoids, accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in ATP levels, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and increased apoptosis rate. After 24-hour exposure to 300 μmol/L uranium, significantly disturbed differential metabolites and five core metabolic pathways were identified. Conclusion Uranium induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction (ATP reduction), and metabolic disorder (disruption of phospholipid/amino acid metabolism), which synergistically cause DNA damage, apoptosis, and/or necrosis. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of uranium-induced kidney injury and support the development of prevention and control strategies.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of changes in blood uric acid(UA)and detection rate of hyperuricemia(HUA)among officers and soldiers during long-term maritime missions,as well as their related influencing factors.Methods A total of 100 servicemen were randomly selected from 240 officers and soldiers who will participate in a long-distance voyage mission.Their general information,including age,education level,administrative position,years of service on board,and department,was surveyed.Their annual data of physical examination were retrospectively analyzed and compared with the results of another 335 shore-based servicemen during the same period.On mission day 10(D10)and day 50(D50),the venous blood samples were collected from the participants to synchronously measure blood UA level and body composition indicators(body fat mass,BMI,fat percentage,fat mass,muscle mass,and muscle percentage).Additionally,on D50,Self-Rating Scale of Sleep(SRSS)and Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)were employed to survey their conditions.Seventy service members were randomly selected from the 100 participants to engage in aerobic exercise.The changes in UA level and detection rate of HUA among the mission personnel were analyzed,along with their influencing factors.Results The UA level and HUA detection rate in long-term navigation personnel during concurrent annual physical examinations were significantly lower than those in shore-based personnel(P<0.01).Compared to pre-voyage physical examination results,the UA level and HUA detection rate in long-term navigation personnel were significantly increased from mission day D10(P<0.001).Compared to the values at D10,the UA level and HUA detection rate at D50 showed significant decreases(P<0.05),and then essentially returned to pre-mission examination levels(P>0.05).Aged<32 years was an independent risk factor for new-onset HUA at mission D10(P<0.05).<32 years old and aerobic exercise during the voyage were independent influencing factors for HUA outcome(P<0.05).Conclusion Serum UA level and HUA detection rate among officers and soldiers participating in long-term maritime missions are relatively low before departure,but in significant increases during the early stages of the mission,particularly among those aged<32 years.Scientific aerobic exercise during the mission period helps reduce UA level and HUA detection rate,playing a crucial role in guaranteeing physical and mental health.

Objective To develop a scientific,systematic and operational competency evaluation index system for primary and sec-ondary school special education teachers based on World Health Organization rehabilitation competency frame-work(RCF),integrating the inclusive teacher frameworks of United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)and European Union(EU)as well as China's Professional Standards for Special Educa-tion Teachers(Trial).Methods A core competency framework and content for special education teachers in primary and secondary schools was constructed based on RCF,using a systematic analysis of UNESCO and EU policy documents and the Minis-try of Education's Professional Standards for Special Education Teachers(Trial).On this foundation,a corre-sponding competency evaluation index system was developed.Results The competency framework for primary and secondary school special education teachers comprised five compe-tency domains and two supporting dimensions,including 25 core competency modules and 59 evaluation points.The five competency domains were educational and teaching practice,professional ethics and values,profession-al learning and development,management and collaborative leadership,and educational research and innovation.The two supporting dimensions were professional beliefs and core values.Conclusion The competency evaluation index system for primary and secondary school special education teachers em-phasizes educational equity,inclusive principles,and values of care and justice.It can be used for competency di-agnosis and assessment of teachers at different developmental stages,as well as for designing continuing educa-tion courses and professional development plans.

Objective:To develop a novel fibroblast activation protein (FAP) cyclic peptide imaging agent, Al 18F-FAP-NOX, evaluate its in vitro and in vivo properties, and explore its feasibility of PET/CT imaging in tumors with FAP positive expression. Methods:Al 18F-FAP-NOX was manually synthesized. The in vitro stability of Al 18F-FAP-NOX was determined using radio high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The lipid water partition coefficient log P, in vitro cell uptake experiments, microPET/CT imaging and biodistribution in 293T-FAP tumor-bearing mice were conducted to preliminarily evaluate the pharmacokinetics and biological efficacy of Al 18F-FAP-NOX. Afterwards, a patient (male, 65 years old) with lung cancer underwent Al 18F-FAP-NOX PET/CT imaging. Results:Al 18F-FAP-NOX was successfully synthesized with a yield of (26.28±2.31)% without attenuation correction ( n=4), and the radiochemical purity was more than 95%. Al 18F-FAP-NOX exhibited good stability and hydrophilicity (log P=-3.02±0.08, n=5). In cell assays, the uptake of Al 18F-FAP-NOX in HT1080-FAP cells reached the plateau phase at 15 min ((7.31±0.53) percentage activity of injection dose per million cells (%ID/mio cells)), exhibiting high cellular uptake. The uptake of Al 18F-FAP-NOX could be significantly inhibited by 1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-FAP-2286. The microPET/CT results of 293T-FAP tumor-bearing mice in vivo showed that Al 18F-FAP-NOX was highly uptaken in FAP-positive tumor tissues (60 min: (12.47±1.66) percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g)), while the uptake was very low in FAP-negative tumors. The biodistribution results were similar to the microPET/CT imaging results of tumor-bearing mice. The human clinical imaging showed an abnormal increase in Al 18F-FAP-NOX uptake (SUV max 5.5) of the lung cancer lesions. Conclusions:A novel cyclic peptide radiopharmaceutical, Al 18F-FAP-NOX, demonstrates good stability and hydrophilicity. It can be quickly distributed to tumor tissue in vivo. The human clinical PET/CT imaging shows certain diagnostic ability of Al 18F-FAP-NOX for lung cancer lesions. It is a promising cyclic peptide agent for PET imaging.

Objective To explore the content and the psychometric properties of assessment tools used for evaluating functioning and adaptive behavior in school-age children with intellectual and developmental disabilities within educational settings. Methods The most used assessment tools included Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales(VABS),Supports Intensity Scale for Children(SIS-C),Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)and Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised(RBS-R),for assessing functioning and adaptive behavior children with intellectual and developmental disabili-ties.Employing the framework and methods of the International Classification of Functioning,Disability,and Health(ICF),this research encoded and categorized the assessment dimensions and items of the four tools,and explored their psychometric properties. Results VABS's assessment content was solely focused on activities and participation,including speaking(d330),con-versation(d350),toileting(d530),eating(d550),drinking(d560),basic interpersonal interactions(d710),com-plex interpersonal interactions(d720),changing and maintaining body positions(d410-d429),carrying,moving and handing objects(d430-d449),and walking and moving(d450-d469).SIS-C assessed activities and participa-tion,and environmental factors,including washing oneself(d510),caring for body parts(d520),community life(d910),using transportation(d470),school education(d820),basic learning(d130-d159),looking after one's health(d570),basic interpersonal interactions(d710),and products and technology for education(e130).SDQ fo-cused on body functions,and activities and participation,including emotional functions(b152),global psychoso-cial functions(b122),attention functions(b140),and basic interpersonal interactions(d710).RBS-R focused on body functions,and activities and participation,including involuntary movement reaction functions(b755),invol-untary movement functions(b765),looking after one's health(d570),energy and drive functions(b130),under-taking a single task(d210),carrying out daily routine(d230),attention functions(b140),and handling stress and other psychological demands(d240).VABS was characterized by good specificity and excellent sensitivity.SIS-C demonstrated very good internal consistency,reliability and validity.SDQ was good in internal consistency,with excellent credibility and validity.RBS-R showed good internal consistency,reliability and validity. Conclusion SDQ and RBS-R cover both body functions,and activities and participation,SIS-C covers activity and par-ticipation,and environmental factors,while VABS solely assesses activities and participation.In terms of body functions,the assessment items primarily focus on mental functions(b130-b189)and movement functions(b750-b799).For activities and participation,the tools assess content across eight domains of functioning.Regarding en-vironmental factors,the assessment content mainly includes products and technology for education(e130),as well as design,construction and building products and technology of buildings for public use(e150).VABS,SIS-C,SDQ,and RBS-R are all norm-referenced measures,with moderate to excellent internal consistency,and good to excellent reliability and validity.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Coptidis Rhizoma and Ophiopogonis Radix on renal tissue injury and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway in rats with diabetic nephropathy （DN） and explore its possible mechanism of delaying DN. MethodThirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group （6 rats） and a model group （30 rats）. The model group was fed with a high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with streptozotocin （STZ） to establish a rat model of type 2 diabetes. After the successful preparation of the model， the rats were randomly divided into the model group， low， medium， and high dose groups of Coptidis Rhizoma and Ophiopogonis Radix （100， 200， 400 mg·kg^-1）， and metformin group （200 mg·kg^-1）. After administration， the levels of fasting blood glucose （FBG）， 24 h urine protein （24 h-UTP）， creatinine （SCr）， urea nitrogen （BUN）， and uric acid （UA） were detected. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of renal tissue in rats. Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to detect the related protein expression of EGFR， PI3K， and Akt and their mRNA expression levels in the renal tissue of rats in each group. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the levels of FBG， SCr， BUN， UA， 24 h-UTP， and kidney index in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， most renal tubular epithelial cells were necrotic， and the content of collagen in glomeruli was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the above indexes of rats in each administration group were improved to varying degrees. The FBG， SCr， BUN， UA， 24 h-UTP， and kidney index of rats in each dose group and metformin group were significantly decreased （P<0.01， P<0.05）. The necrosis degree of renal tubular epithelial cells was reduced， and the fibrosis area was decreased （P<0.01）. There related protein and mRNA expressions of EGFR， PI3K， and Akt were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionCoptidis Rhizoma and Ophiopogonis Radix can alleviate renal tissue injury in rats with DN， and their mechanism may be related to the regulation of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the intrinsic connectivity alterations of brain-wide functional networks in patient with trigeminal neuralgia(TN)via combining resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)and graph theory methods.Methods A total of 41 patients with TN(TN group)and 41 healthy controls(HC)(HC group)were recruited,and differences in network topologyat-tributes and correlations with clinical variables were analyzed between the two groups.Results Both groups met the σ standard.The global efficiency(Eg)of TN group was lower than that of HC group(P＜0.05),whereas the λ of TN group was higher than that of HC group(P＜0.05).The node efficiency(Ne)of bilateral rectus gyrus and bilateral pallidum of TN group were significantly higher than those of HC group,while the Ne of left supraparietal gyrus,left angular gyrus,left post-central gyrus,bilateral marginal supraparietal gyrus,and left caudate nucleus of TN group were significantly lower than those of HC group(P＜0.05).The local efficiency(Eloc)of the TN group was negatively correlated with the visual analogue scale(VAS)score(P＜0.05),the clustering coefficient(Cp)of the TN group was negatively correlated with the short-form McGill pain questionnaire(SF-MPQ)sensory score(P＜0.05),and the Ne of right rectus gyrus of the TN group was positively correlated with the disease duration(P＜0.05).Conclusion The TN group retain σ,but the overall information transfer efficiency of the brain is reduced and functional integration is diminished.Several brain regions in the TN group has abnormal Ne,which provide an objective basis for altered brain functional networks in TN.

Objective:To design a virtual simulation tutorial system for bone traction nursing of the lower limbs, and to investigate its application effect.Methods:Based on clinical cases, a 3D model was established for the fractured lower limb using the virtual simulation technique. The design of the model considered the position and mechanical relationship between bone traction and fracture ends, as well as the assessment and intervention of the condition after bone traction, and such factors were taken as the core elements of simulation design. Virtual experiments were conducted for the four scenarios of pre-hospital first aid, triage in the hospital, bone traction operation, and postoperative nursing. Such experiments were conducted among junior nursing undergraduates, and examination results and student satisfaction survey were used to evaluate the application effect of the experiments.Results:The teaching software consisted of four training modules, i.e., theoretical knowledge learning of fractures, preparation before bone traction operation, methods and principles of bone traction operation, and observation of conditions after bone traction. The final score of experiments was (90.99±0.58) points among the students, and the degree of satisfaction with the experimental system and the teaching model was 87.85% (441/502) and 63.35% (318/502), respectively.Conclusions:The virtual simulation experiments for bone traction nursing of the lower limbs are scientific, professional, and interesting and have a relatively high degree of satisfaction among students, and therefore, they can be applied in the education of nursing students and the continuing education of nurses.