Objective　To analyse the crude detection rate and trends of newly detected HIV/AIDS cases in medical institutions in China from 2017 to 2023, and to provide a reference for optimizing HIV testing strategies in medical institutions. Methods　Data on HIV testing and newly reported HIV/AIDS cases were analysed using data from the Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control Information System of the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention for the period from 2017 to 2023. HIV testing in medical institutions includes patients tested preoperatively, those tested before transfusion, those tested in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, prenatal care clinics, and other types of patients. Descriptive statistical analysis and χ2 test were performed using SAS 9.4 software. Joinpoint regression was performed using Joinpoint 4.9.0 software to analyse trends of the crude detection rates over time. Results　From 2017 to 2023, the person-times of HIV tests in medical institutions increased from 143 million to 255 million, with an increase of 78.07%. The number of newly detected HIV/AIDS cases increased from 74 000 to 88 000 and then declined to 69 000. The crude detection rate of new HIV/AIDS cases declined from 5.18/10 000 to 2.71/10 000, showed a declining trend, the mean annual percentage change was -9.99%(P<0.001). The crude detection rate of new HIV/AIDS cases in STD clinics was the highest among all types of clinic visits (12.79/10 000-24.47/10 000), and the crude detection rate of new cases among all types of clinic visits showed a decreasing trend(P<0.05). Among different medical institutions, general hospitals were the most important source of the number of tests and the number of newly detected HIV/AIDS cases, accounting for more than 62.93% and 62.68%, respectively. Specialised medical institutions had the highest crude detection rate of new cases, which was maintained at more than 5.13/10 000. The crude detection rate of new cases for all four types of medical institutions, except for primary medical institutions, showed a decreasing trend (P<0.05). Conclusions　The detection rate of new cases in medical institutions showed a decreasing trend in 2017-2023, and the efficiency of STD clinics testing and detection was higher among all types of attendees. General hospitals are the main source of new cases detection, and testing in specialised medical institutions is more efficient. Testing should be strengthened in key groups of patients and in key medical institutions.

Objective To analyze the status of occupational disease hazards in Shantou City for 2019 to 2022 and propose corresponding management measures. Methods Technical reports on various occupational-disease-specific activities in Shantou City from 2019 to 2022 were collected and the data were comprehensively analyzed. Results Among the 3 066 enterprises surveyed in the 2020 occupational disease hazard investigation in Shantou City, occupational hazards were reported in 2 982 enterprises (accounting for 97.3%), with 2 955 being small and micro enterprises, accounted for 99.1%(2 955/2 982). The exposure rate of occupational hazards was 58.7% (42 894/73 054) among workers in the surveyed enterprises, with dust and noise exposure rates of 59.7% and 77.8%, respectively. The reported rate of occupational disease hazard projects by employers, regular detection rate of workplace occupational hazards, detection rate of occupational medical examination among workers, and occupational health training rate of key responsible personnel and occupational health management staff were 8.4%, 1.4%, 2.4%, and 4.3%, respectively. The results of occupational hazards monitoring of workplace in key industries from 2019 to 2022 showed that noise had the highest rate of exceeding national standards workplace, followed by silica dust, accounting for 34.2% and 13.8%, with the on-site exceedance rate of 32.2% and 10.0%, respectively. From 2019 to 2022, 31 suspected occupational disease cases were identified in key occupational disease monitoring, including 27 suspected cases of occupational pneumoconiosis and four suspected cases of occupational noise-induced deafness. Conclusion The workers in Shantou City have a high exposure rate to occupational hazards, and the occupational health management level of employers remains low, with noise and silica dust being the most severe occupational hazards. It is essential to improve technical support and service system development for occupational disease prevention and treatment, strengthen supervision and management in key industries and positions, explore occupational health assistance mechanisms for small and micro enterprises, and enforce employers' responsibility in occupational disease prevention to protect workers' occupational health and safety.