This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Objective To explore the effect of adeno-associated virus sense transfection up-regulating the expression level of the growth and differential factor 11 (GDF11) in vivo on aortic injury in type 2 diabetic mellitus rats (T2DM).Methods Nine-week-old male SD rats were randomly selected to establish a T2DM model by using high-sugar and high-fat chow plus small-dose streptozotocin (STZ) combined induction.Both normal rats and dia-betic model rats were randomly divided into five groups:blank control group (Control group) , negative virus con-trol group (NC group), GDF11 adeno-associated virus group (GDF11 group), diabetic group (DM group), and diabetic + GDF11 adeno-associated virus group (DM+GDF11 group) .After 8 weeks of feeding, the serum con-centrations of insulin (INS) , advanced glycosylation end products (AGES) , recombinant growth transforming fac-tor 11 (GDF11), total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), high-densi-ty lipoproteins (HDL-C) , asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) , and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed in the rats;periodic acid-schiff stain(PAS stain) was used to observe the sites of glycogen deposition, and hematoxy-lin-eosin staining (HE) was used to observe vascular damage.Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the damage of vascular endothelial cells and vascular elastic fibers, and protein blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of vascular injury-related proteins.Protein blotting and immunohistochem-istry were used to detect the expression levels of vascular injury-related proteins.Results The biochemical inde-xes showed that the serum concentrations of AGES, T-CHO, TG, LDL-C and MDA were higher in the DM group than those in the Control group (P<0.05), the concentrations of INS, GDF11, HDL-C and ADMA were signifi-cantly lower than those in the Control group (P<0.05) , and the concentrations of AGES and HDL-C were not sig-nificantly lower in the DM+GDF11 group compared with the DM group (P<0.05) .HDL-C was not significantly different from the DM group, and several other data were improved (P<0.05) .Pathological staining suggested that PAS staining in the DM group suggested that glycogen particles deposited in the endothelium and subendotheli-um of the aorta, HE staining observed thickening of the aortic mesentery, endothelial cells and elastic fibers broke off in an irregular alignment, and electron microscopy observed endothelial damage in the vasculature and elastic fi-bers broke off in the DM group, and these changes attenuated in the DM+GDF11 group.Protein blotting and im-munohistochemistry indicated that the expression of endothelial cell-associated proteins decreased in the DM group (P<0.05) , and mesenchymal markers elevated in the DM group (P<0.05) , these proteins were regressed in the DM+GDF11 group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion Increasing the expression level of GDF11 in vivo can improve aortic vascular injury caused by diabetes mellitus, which is inferred that it may be related to the inhibition of endothelial mesenchymal transition to protect the function of vascular endo-thelial cells and thus improve vascular injury.

Legal clinic education originating in the United States, aims at educating students on legal practical skills, and plays an positive role in cultivating students' ability of integrating theory with practice and training their various practical vocational skills. The present Chinese training mode of health law specialty does not perform very well in training students' practical ability, while legal clinic education can better make up for some deficiencies. Therefore, this paper learns from the experience of American universities in their legal clinic education, such as the particular division of specialties, the development of outside-school clinics, taking pre-training seriously, and the unique evaluation mechanism. Correspondingly, we explore to construct a set of reasonable legal clinic education system in health law specialty, including the orientation of legal clinics, the double training system inside and outside school, the construction of teaching staff and the establishment of evaluation mechanism.

Objective To explore the feasibility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guided transthoracic incision closure of aortic sinus aneurysm rupture (RASA).Methods Data of 30 patients with RASA underwent TEE guided transthoracic incision closure of RASA were retrospectively analyzed.The distance between the coronary artery ostium and crevasse was measured in right coronary sinus aneurysm rupture patients.During the operation,the guide wire and sheath pipe were guided accurately into rupture mouth of aortic sinus aneurysm with TEE.After the operation,the position of closure and the function of aortic valves were checked carefully,while in right coronary sinus aneurysm rupture patients,coronary ostium should not be occluded by the occluder.Results Totally 20 of 30 patients accepted interventional treatment successfully.Right coronary sinus aneurysm rupture was found in 10 patients,including 7 with rupture developing into right ventricle and 3 with rupture into right atrium.Posterior coronary sinus tumor rupture was found in 10 patients,including 8 with rupture developing into right atrium and 3 with rupture into right ventricle.Patients who received intervention treatment successfully had stable vital signs,and no obvious changes of heart cavity structure and cardiac function was found.Postoperative multiple reexaminations showed all patients had normal closure position,aortic valve opening and closing movement was normal.No stenosis,reflux signal nor residual shunt were found.Conclusion RASA can be diagnosed accurately with TEE,and the occluder can be placed guided by TEE.TEE guided transthoracic incision closure of RASA is a feasible method.

OBJECTIVETo understand the knowledge of acupuncture disease spectrum, expectation of acupuncture treatment in Chengdu residents.

METHODSA questionnaire regarding the knowledge of acupuncture disease spectrum and expectation of acupuncture treatment in Chengdu residents was established. By field sampling and internet survey, related data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTSTotally 1 548 valid questionnaires were collected, including 1 041 from field survey and 507 from internet survey. The results indicated the knowledge of acupuncture and its disease spectrum were moderate in Chengdu residents; among the disease spectrum of acupuncture, the disease with the highest cognition was insomnia, accounting for 45.0% in field survey and 75.4% in internet survey; while the disease with the lowest cognition was infertility, accounting for 8.3% in field survey and 34.3% in internet survey.

CONCLUSIONSThe knowledge of acupuncture in Chengdu residents could be further improved, and the promotion of popular science of acupuncture should be strengthened in future.

Objective To perform the methodological evaluation on Beckman Immage 800 automatic special protein analyzer for determining serum freeκ,λlight chains (sFLC) .Methods The Beckman Immage800 automatic special protein analyzer was used to quantitatively detect sFLC values for investigating its precision and accuracy ,analyzing its detecting range ,interference and residual contamination rate ,meanwhile verifying its reference intervals .Results The low and high values of within‐run precision coefficients of variation(CV) forκsFLC were 7 .84% and 2 .95% respectively ;which of between‐run precision CV were 7 .38% and 5 .57% re‐spectively .The within‐run precision CV for λFLC were 4 .59% and 3 .94% respectively ,which of between‐run precision CV were 3 .97% and 2 .01% respectively ;bias for detecting theκFLC andλFLC fixed quality serum and the target values was less than 5% , when the analytical detection ranges of κFLC andλFLC were 10 .8-128 .0 mg/L and 10 .1-121 .0 mg/L ,a value was 0 .95-1 .05 , r2 ≥0 .98;the carry‐over rates of κFLC andλFLC were 0 .411% and 0 .216% respectively .The interference test results showed that when free hemoglobin≤342 .0 μmol/L ,conjugated bilirubin ≤342 .0 μmol/L ,hemoglobin≤5 g/L and chyle ≤2 400 turbidness , which had no influence on sFLC results ;among 40 healthy subjects undergoing the physical examination ,1 case of κFLC detection results exceeded the reference interval recommended by the manufacturer ,while theλFLC detection values in these 40 cases were all within the reference interval recommended by the manufacturer .Conclusion The main analytical performance of the Beckman Im‐mage800 automatic special protein analyzer for detecting sFLC meets the requirements of quality objectives and can provides the sci‐entific and precise evidence of diagnosis and treatment for clinic .

Moot Court practice teaching is an important part of the teaching of medical and health law. Based on several years of university students' participating in moot court competition, and combined with the personal experience of the instructors and the participating students, we summed up our inexperience of medical law moot court practice teaching, and put forward feasible suggestions to professional Moot Court simulation practice teaching reform of Health Law in order to effectively improve the medical and health professional moot court practice teaching, thus implementing the law to strengthen the students practical skills trainingteaching objectives.

microRNA (miRNA) is a class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs,they play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression through combining the target mRNA that the target protein would not synthesis.The present studies have found that miRNA is involved in many kinds of physiological processes,as well as the pathological processes.The abnormal expression of miRNA in many diseases can be used in diagnosis,prognosis and treatment monitoring.But all of these studies depend on an ideal detection method of miRNA.A lot of detection methods of miRNA expression developed from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis step by step and from single miRNA detection to high throughput screening in recent years.Various detection methods are improved constantly,the specificity and sensitivity has been improved at the same time,detection procedure become simple and practicable,detection time shorten considerably and cost also reduced ceaselessly,which make the application of miRNA in clinical possible.This review highlights the latest research progress of the common detection methods of miRNA.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) of dust mite drops to allergic rhinitis with mite allergy. The compliance and satisfaction of SLIT were also assessed. METHOD: One hundred and three patients of allergic rhinitis sensitive to dust mites were treated with SLIT for 6 months or more. The symptom questionnaire,including items on rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal obstruction, itchy nose, olfactory disturbance, eye discomfort and sleep disturbance were obtained before and 6 months after SLIT. The patients' satisfaction and adverse effects were also investigated. RESULT: Seventy-five of the 103 patients insist on SLIT for more than 6 months and completed the questionnaire. The duration of receiving SLIT was 9.8 months on average (range from 6 to 13 months). The satisfaction rate was 89.3%. The drop-out rate of SLIT was 31.0%. CONCLUSION The subjective symptoms were improved with SLIT in patients with allergic rhinitis sensitive to dust mites. The drop out rate was high despite of the symptomatic improvement.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance ; Patient Satisfaction ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; psychology ; therapy ; Sublingual Immunotherapy ; psychology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the anti-nociception and anti-inflammation pharmacodynamics of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum and A. sieboldii.

METHODBoth the writhing test and hot plate test were conducted to assess the anti-nociceptive effect of Asarum and Xylene-induced mouse ear edema was conducted to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of Asarum.

RESULTTwelve samples of A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum and A. sieboldii from different producing areas showed anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Specifically, 27% to 61% of the seven samples of A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum showed anti-nociceptive effect and while 34% to 48% of A. sieboldi showed anti-nociceptive effect. The inflammatory inhibition rate of A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum produced in six producing areas (38%-57%) is higher than that of A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum produced in five producing areas (34%-48%). The same kind of Asarum produced in different areas showed significant differences. A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum produced in Jilin province (38%-57%) showed better anti-nociceptive effect than sample produced in Heilongjiang province (34%) in writhing test. A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum produced in Heilongjiang (43%) province showed a better anti-nociceptive effect than samples produced in Liaoning province (29%-36%) in hot plate test. A. sieboldii produced in Shaanxi province (47%-49%) showed a better anti-nociceptive effect than samples produced in Hubei province (40%) in writhing test. A. sieboldii produced in Shaanxi province (45%-59%) showed better anti-nociceptive effect than samples produced in Chongqing (40%) in hot plate test. A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum produced in Jilin province (51%-63%) showed better anti-inflammatory effect than samples produced in Heilongjiang province (50%). In totality, the results from analysis of geoherbalism showed that famous-region A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum and A. sieboldii had a better anti-nociception effect than Asarum produced in other producing areas, famous-region A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum had a better effect than those produced in other producing areas in anti-inflammation. But famous-region A. sieboldii showed no obvious difference from those produced in other producing areas in anti-inflammation.

CONCLUSIONAll samples of Asarum showed anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, but with significant differences among Asarum produced in different areas, indicating the eoherbalism to some extent.

Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Asarum ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology