Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of a single induction dose of cyclopofol in painless four-dimensional hysterosalpingography,this study aims to assess its academic significance and adherence to Nature journal's publication standards.Methods A total of 120 patients admitted to Guangdong Reproductive Hospital between February 2022 and December 2022,requiring painless vaginal four-dimensional ultrasound hysterosalpin-gography,were selected as the study population.Random selection was performed with 40 patients in each group.The dosage of cyclopofol administered was 0.3 mg/kg(C1 group),0.5 mg/kg(C2 group),and 0.7 mg/kg(C3 group).Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure measured non-invasively using a cuff,time to wake after surgery,and incidence of adverse reactions were observed at three time points:before examination(T1),during contrast agent injection(T2),and after examination(T3).Results There were no significant differences in heart rate(HR)and mean arterial pressure(MAP)between T1 and T3 among the three groups(P>0.05).However,at T2,group C1 exhibited significantly higher HR and MAP compared to group C2(P<0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in HR and MAP between group C2 and C3 at T2(P>0.05).The duration of wakefulness was shorter in group C2 than in group C3(P<0.05),but there was no statistical significance in wakefulness duration between group C1 and C2(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was lower in group C2(10.0%)compared to both group C1(32.5%)and group C3(37.5%)with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion The admin-istration of cyclopofol at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg exhibits notable advantages in painless four-dimensional hysterotubal ultrasonography,including effective sedation,prompt wakefulness,and a low occurrence rate of adverse reactions.

BACKGROUND: The expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular grafts hold promise for enhanced healing,extended suture retention, kink reduction and compression resistance. But thrombus formation still limits its use for revascularization of small-caliber vessels. It is the surface of ePTFE vascular graft that contacts with the blood. The current study focused on surface modification of ePTFE materials to improve its blood compatibility.OBJECTIVE: To characterize the heparin/alginate (H/A) gel modified ePTFE vascular graft and investigate the hemocompatibility and histocompatibility of the graft.DESIGN: Observation experiment.SETTING: Laboratory for Nanomedicine and Biosensor, Biomedicine Engineering Center, Harbin Institute of Technology.MATERIALS: The GORE-TEX ePTFE vascular grafts were 4 mm in internal diameter. Sodium alginate and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) were purchased from Sigma. Heparin sodium salt was obtained from Calbiochem. Nation and chitosan were purchased from Aldrich company. Human α-thrombin and AT Ⅲ were purchased from Haematologic Technologies, Inc. S-2238 was purchased from Chromogenix.METHODS: This study was performed at the Laboratory for Nanomedicine and Biosensor, Biomedicine Engineering Center, Harbin Institute of Technology between May 2006 and June 2007. The graft was first modified with Nation and then Chitosan/Nafion/Chitosan multilayer. Following the impregnation of heparin and alginate, covalent crosslinking was performed using ethylenediamine and EDC. Some characterization methods were employed: stastic water contact angle for the hydrophilicity; SEM for the surface morphology; ATR-FTIR for the surface chemical characteristics; APTT and PT,percent hemolysis and Chromogenic assay for the hemocompatibility of the ePTFE vascular graft after modification.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Static water contact angles. ②Charactedzation of the surface morphology and platelet adhesion by SEM. ③ATR-FTIR ④APTT and PT. ⑤Percent hemolysis ⑥Chromogenic assay for heparin activity.RESULTS: ①ATR-FTIR revealed the presence of -CO-NH- at 1626 cm-1. ②The water contact angle was greatly decreased from (125±1)° to (84±2)° .③The prolonged APTT and PT, low percent hemolysis(0.065%) and low amount of platelet adhesion assay showed the H/A gel impregnated graft had good blood compatibility. ④Chromogenic assay showed the modified graft was less thrombogenic than the bare one, and the H/A coating had good stability in. PBS buffer.CONCLUSION: The H/A modified ePTFE vascular graft has great potential in applications utilizing small-diameter vascular grafts.