Pain is an uncomfortable and emotional experience associated with,or similar to,real or po-tential tissue damage.However,far from being a purely physiological sensation,pain involves complex emo-tional and neuromodulatory mechanisms.The pain neural circuit is a complex biological system,covering the multi-level structure of the central nervous system from peripheral neurons to the cerebral cortex,thalamus,a-mygdala and dorsal horn of the spinal cord,participating in the perception,conduction,and regulation of pain signals,involves multiple molecular and cellular interactions to build a comprehensive pain perception process.In recent years,the field of pain neural circuit research has used a variety of scientific and technological tools to provide the theoretical and technical support for the in-depth understanding and treatment of pain.This article aims to provide a comprehensive research status quo for the scholars in related fields and new ideas for clinical pain research and treatment by combing the application of different technologies in the study of pain neural circuits.