Objective:To explore the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and overweight/obesity in Yi people in Sichuan province.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in 2015. Stratified cluster sampling method was used to enroll Yi farmers and rural-to-urban Yi migrants aged 20-80 years. SES was measured by education level, personal annual income, and compound SES index. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to determine the association between SES and overweight/obesity (BMI≥24.0 kg/m 2). Results:1 894 Yi farmers and 1 162 rural-to urban migrants were included in the analysis. After adjustment for age, smoking, drinking and physical activity, compared with illiteracy, OR for farmer males with higher education level (primary or junior school, senior high school or higher) were 1.71 (95 %CI: 1.13-2.58) and 4.15 (95 %CI: 2.10-8.22). Compared with lower income group (<5 000 CNY/y), the higher income group had increased risk ( OR=1.66, 95 %CI: 1.12-2.44). For farmer males with medium and high SES level, the risk of overweight/obesity were 1.65 (95 %CI: 1.02-2.67) and 3.26 (95 %CI: 1.97-5.42) compared with low level of SES. For farmer females, the risk increased with the higher income, with OR as 1.49 (95 %CI: 1.10-2.02). Compared with low SES level, farmer females with medium level of SES was associated with 1.47 (95 %CI: 1.11-1.95) times higher risk of overweight/obesity. In Yi migrants, the association between SES and overweight/obesity was not found. Conclusion:Socioeconomic status was positively associated with overweight/obesity only in Yi farmers.

Objective To study the effect of sex on reperfusion time delay in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after diagnosis.Methods A total of 1647 STEMI patients admitted to our hospital were included in this study.Their clinical data and treatment time points were recorded.The reperfusion time delay after diagnosis refers the time from ECG-based diagnosis to PCI.The reperfusion time delay after diagnosis was divided into 0-3 h,＞3-6 h,＞6-12 h,＞12-24 h and ＞24 h.The effect of sex and other risk factors on reperfusion time delay after diagnosis was assessed according to the established logistic regression model.Results The age of female STEMI patients was older than that of male STEMI patients (65±10 years vs 60±11 years,P＜0.05).The rate of past CABG and PCI was significantly higher and the reperfusion time delay was significantly longer in female STEMI patients than in male STEMI patients (4.3 ％ vs 1.5％,20.7％ vs 17.4％,P＜0.05;404±34 min vs 280±14 min,P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female and visiting form were related with the reperfusion time delay for ＞3-6 h and ＞12-24 h (95％CI:1.052-264.306,P=0.046;95％CI:1.089-2.751,P=0.013).Conclusion Female is related with reperfusion time delay,visiting form and call for emergency treatment in STEMI patients.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of sulfotanshinone sodium in lung fibrosis in ALI rats by intraperitoneal injection. Method The rats were divided into normal group,model group and sulfotan-shinone sodium group randomly.During the experiment,acute lung injury was induced by oleic acid in rats.Sulfo-tanshinone sodium group was treated by intraperitoneal injection of sulfotanshinone sodium for 14 days consecutively. The 12 rats were sacrificed at 7thand 14thday after last administration.The indexes of weight,arterial partial pres-sure of oxygen(PaO2),oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2),lung index and wet/dry ratio,IL-1,TNF-α,PCⅢ,TGF-β1 and the lung histopathology of rats were observed. Results There was no difference in rat weight between the groups.The values of PaO2and PaO2/FiO2were increased.The lung index and wet/dry ratio,IL-1,TNF-α,PCⅢ, TGF-β1 and IQA were all reduced. The lung histopathology damage was significantly lightened.as compared with the model group. Conclusion It has treatment effect of sulfotanshinone sodium in lung fibrosis in the ALI rats, which may be related with the adjustment on inflammatory factor.

Objective To investigate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in Dexamethasone (DEX) inhibiting podocytes apoptosis which was induced by Puromycin (PAN).Methods Mouse glomerular podocytes were cultured in vitro,and were divided into control group,dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group,PAN group,DEX group,and LY294002 (inhibitor of PI3 K) group.The mRNA expression of CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) was measured by using real time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and intracellular distribution was detected by using indirect immunofluorescence staining.Co localization of CD2AP and p85 was detected by using confocal fluorescence microscopy.The expressions of Akt,phosphorylated (p)-Akt,glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3 β) and phosphorylated (p)-GSK3β were evaluated by using Western blot.Results The expressions of CD2AP mRNA in PAN group at each time point (8 h,24 h,48 h) (1.11 ± 0.16,0.78 ±0.09,0.56 ± 0.43) were significantly lower than those in the control group (1.90 ± 0.26,2.09 ± 0.12,2.28 ±0.95),and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05);CD2AP distributed in foot process with uniform filament and discontinuous coarse particle around perinuclear;CD2AP and p85 distributed in cell membrane and cytoplasm evenly in control group,but accumulated in nuclei in the PAN group.The expressions of CD2AP mRNA in DEX group at each time point (8 h,24 h,48 h) (1.53 ± 0.14,2.15 ± 0.27,2.13 ± 0.15) were significantly higher than those in the PAN group,and the differences were also statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05);the distribution density and range of CD2AP were greater than those in the PAN group,and the accumulation with p85 in nuclei decreased obviously.The expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK3β were inhibited by PAN in a dose-dependent manner (P ＜0.05).The expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK3 β were lowest after PAN stimulated at 15 min and 30 min respectively.However,the expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK3 β increased depending on the concentration of DEX (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK3 β could be blocked by LY294002 (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion DEX can protect podocytes and inhibit podocytes apoptosis through stabilizing the expression and distribution of CD2AP.The stale expression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is the key factor in DEX protecting podocytes.

Objective To understand the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of AIDS between male-male in college students, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control strategies. Methods Using cluster random sampling method, the questionnaire survey including basic situation, the perception of HIV/AIDS of male male actors, sexual behavior and condom use and HIV/AIDS counseling detection, was used to investigate in male students of 8 universities at Beijing fangshan distric. Results A total of 2444 male college students were surveyed, 138 cases with male-male behavior were detected, and the detection rate was 5.65％. The detection rate (18.31％) of the junior college students was statistically higher than that of first-year college students (4.28％) and sophomores (6.52％, P<0.017). The awareness rates of four relevant knowledge about HIV/AIDS for 138 students were 25.36％, 15.22％, 9.42％and 13.77％respectively. The 44.93％male-male in college students had first sexual intercourse were younger than 18 years old. The proportion of students with first time male-male behavior and age <18 years was higher in the first-year college students (58.9％) than that of sophomores and junior college students (30.77％, 26.92％). The incidence rate of bisexuality was 43.48％ in male-male behavior, and 73.91％ was polysexual partners. The correct usage rate of condom was 31.16％. AIDS counseling detection rate was 27.54％. Conclusion The detection rate is higher in students with male-male behavior, and the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge is lower. A variety of high risk sexual behaviors are prevalent, so it is necessary to strengthen HIV/AIDS education and HIV/AIDS related knowledge for college students.

Objective:To validate five-year risk prediction models for atherosclerotic cardiovascular di-sease (ASCVD) in a contemporary rural Northern Chinese population.Methods: Totally 6 489 rural adults aged 40 to 79 years without clinical ASCVD were enrolled at baseline between June and August 2010, and followed up through January 2017.Expected prediction risk using the China-PAR (prediction for ASCVD risk in China) model was compared with the pooled cohort equations (PCE) reported in the American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association guideline.Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to obtain the observed ASCVD event (including nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, nonfatal or fatal stroke) rate at 5 years, and the expected-observed ratios were calculated to eva-luate overestimation or underestimation in the cohort.The participants in the cohort were divided into 4 categories (<5.0%, 5.0%-7.4%, 7.5%-9.9%, and ≥10.0%) for comparisons based on ASCVD prediction risk.The models were assessed by discrimination C statistic, calibration χ2, and calibration charts and plots for illustration as well.Results: Over an average 5.82 years of follow-up in this validation cohort with 6 489 rural Chinese participants, 955 subjects developed a first ASCVD event.Recalibrated China-PAR model overestimated ASCVD events by 22.2% in men and 33.1% in women, while the overestimations were much higher for recalibrated PCE as 67.3% in men and 53.1% in women.Gender-specific China-PAR model had C statistics of 0.696 (95%CI, 0.669-0.723) for men and 0.709 (95%CI, 0.690-0.728) for women, which were similar to those of 0.702 (95%CI, 0.675-0.730) for men and 0.714 (95%CI, 0.695-0.733) for women in the PCE.Calibration χ2 values in China-PAR were 17.2 and 54.2 for men and women, respectively;however, the PCE showed poorer ca-libration (χ2=192.0 for men and χ2=181.2 for women).In addition, the calibration charts and plots illustrated good agreement between the observations and the predictions only in the China-PAR model, especially for men.Conclusion: In this validation cohort of rural Northern Chinese adults, the China-PAR model had better performance of five-year ASCVD risk prediction than the PCE, indicating that recalibrated China-PAR model might be an appropriate tool for risk assessment and primary prevention of ASCVD in China.

ObjectiveTo validate a modified HEART [History, Electrocardiograph (ECG), Age, Risk factors and Troponin] risk score in chest pain patients with suspected non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) in the emergency department (ED).Methods This retrospective cohort study used a prospectively acquired database and chest pain patients admitted to the emergency department with suspected NSTE-ACS were enrolled. Data recorded on arrival at the ED were used. The serum sample of high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin I other than conventional cardiac Troponin I used in the HEART risk score was tested. The modified HEART risk score was calculated. The end point was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as a composite of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), percu-taneous intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), or all-cause death, within three months after initial presentation.Results A total of 1,300 patients were enrolled. A total of 606 patients (46.6%) had a MACE within three months: 205 patients (15.8%) were diag-nosed with AMI, 465 patients (35.8%) underwent PCI, and 119 patients (9.2%) underwent CABG. There were 10 (0.8%) deaths. A progres-sive, significant pattern of increasing event rate was observed as the score increased (P < 0.001 byχ2 for trend). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.84. All patients were classified into three groups: low risk (score 0–2), intermediate risk (score 3–4), and high risk (score 5–10). Event rates were 1.1%, 18.5%, and 67.0%, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe modified HEART risk score was validated in chest pain patients with suspected NSTE-ACS and may complement MACE risk assessment and patients triage in the ED. A prospective study of the score is warranted.

Objective To summarize the experiences and protocol of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technique in donors with brain death and unexpected cardiac arrest.Method We described here the organ donation of one case of brain death complicated with hemodynamic instability and cardiac arrest,and the corresponding recovery of the receptor liver.A 50-year old female developed brain death due to brain aneurysmal hemorrhage.He was given two kinds of high-dose vasopressor,but hemodynarnic instability was not improved.After ECMO support,the hemodynamics turned to stable,but unexpected cardiac arrest happened.The total operating time of ECMO was 5 h,including 4 h after cardiac arrest.The liver was transplanted into a 65-year old female with hepatocellular carcinoma (diagnosed by Hangzhou Criteria) by classic orthotopic liver transplantation with end-to-end anastomosis.Result One liver and two kidneys were obtained successfully,and all the receptors recovered uneventfully.The post-operative ALT and AST levels reached the peak at 169 U/L and 365 U/L respectively,and returned to normal two weeks later.Conclusion ECMO can be used to support brain death complicated with hemodynamic instability and unexpected cardiac arrest.It can save precious time for organ donation,and preserve the function of liver and kidney as well.

In 2011, Shanghai Medical Equipment Management Quality Control Center launched the fifth after-sale service satisfaction survey for medical devices in Shanghai area. There are 8 classes medical devices involving in the survey. This paper demonstrates the investigation results of monitoring devices which are from different manufacturers.
Consumer Behavior ; Equipment and Supplies ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; Quality Control

ObjectiveTo summarize the early clinical experience of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for protecting the liver donation after cardiac death (DCD).Methods Review and analysis the clinical data of 17 cases of liver transplantation with the donors from Chinese citizen after cardiac death from July 2009 to May 2011 in our liver transplantation center,and comprehend the primary diseases and the relevant index of the donors,the flow-sheet of donation and obtain of the organs from the donation after cardiac death,and the apply methods of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during those processes.ResultsAll 17 cases had been diagnosed as brain death before,and waited for cardiac death,so all were clearly the donation of brain death plus cardiac death(DBCD).During the processes waiting for cardiac death,extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were introducted in every case,and the using time were 51-380 (mean 187)min.The donation after brain death plus cardiac death (DBCD) were all harvested liver donors and were transplanted to 17 receivers respectively.In our center,there was no operational death in liver transplantation in this series.The post-operation liver function recovered satisfactory,without transplant liver non-function or recovering delay.One case died of the pulmonary infection one month later after operation,and the other 16 cases all survived and were followed up to now.The longest survival time was 29 months.ConclusionThe donation after brain death plus cardiac death (DBCD) was the special donation type for citizen in China.The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) could well control the warm ischemia for protecting the liver donor just without ethics dispute.So,the using of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for the liver donation after cardiac death(DCD)of citizen in our China have very important contribution.