Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are the main therapy for epilepsy.There are many kinds of ASMs with complex mechanism of action, so it is difficult for pharmacists to examine prescriptions.This paper put forward some suggestions on the indications, dosage forms/routes of administration, appropriateness of usage and dosage, combined medication and drug interaction, long-term prescription review, individual differences in pathophysiology of children, and drug selection when complicated with common epilepsy, for the reference of doctors and pharmacists.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in very preterm infants(VPI), and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of BPD in VPI.Methods:A prospective multicenter study was designed to collect the clinical data of VPI in department of neonatology of 28 hospitals in 7 regions from September 2019 to December 2020.According to the continuous oxygen dependence at 28 days after birth, VPI were divided into non BPD group and BPD group, and the risk factors of BPD in VPI were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 514 cases of VPI including 1 364 cases without BPD and 1 150 cases with BPD were enrolled.The incidence of BPD was 45.7%.The smaller the gestational age and weight, the higher the incidence of BPD( P<0.001). Compared with non BPD group, the average birth age, weight and cesarean section rate in BPD group were lower, and the incidence of male infants, small for gestational age and 5-minute apgar score≤7 were higher( P<0.01). In BPD group, the incidences of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS), hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, feeding intolerance, extrauterine growth restriction, grade Ⅲ~Ⅳ intracranial hemorrhage, anemia, early-onset and late-onset sepsis, nosocomial infection, parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis were higher( P<0.05), the use of pulmonary surfactant(PS), postnatal hormone exposure, anemia and blood transfusion were also higher, and the time of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, oxygen use and total hospital stay were longer( P<0.001). The time of starting enteral nutrition, cumulative fasting days, days of reaching total enteral nutrition, days of continuous parenteral nutrition, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) total calorie, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) oral calorie were longer and the breastfeeding rate was lower in BPD group than those in non BPD group( P<0.001). The cumulative doses of amino acid and fat emulsion during the first week of hospitalization were higher in BPD group( P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that NRDS, invasive mechanical ventilation, age of reaching total enteral nutrition, anemia and blood transfusion were the independent risk factors for BPD in VPI, and older gestational age was the protective factor for BPD. Conclusion:Strengthening perinatal management, avoiding premature delivery and severe NRDS, shortening the time of invasive mechanical ventilation, paying attention to enteral nutrition management, reaching whole intestinal feeding as soon as possible, and strictly mastering the indications of blood transfusion are very important to reduce the incidence of BPD in VPI.

Due to the extensive use of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) as functional food ingredients,many inferior goods and even adulterants are generally found in the market,which may pose a health hazard to certain populations.Chromatography method such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is traditionally applied for the quality analysis of XOS.However,it is time consuming due to the prolonged separation and pre-or post-derivatization procedure.In this study,a fast saccharide mapping method based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was developed for the quality consistency analysis of 22 batches of XOS collected from different manufacturers in China.The time needed for saccharides analysis using MALDI-MS was less than 30 min for one plate,at least 6 times faster than that by the traditional HPTLC chromatography method.In addition,MALDI-MS possessed higher resolution for XOS with DP4-DP7 based on the difference of m/z,which is hardly separated using HPTLC.The results showed that XOS were present only in samples XY01-XY11,samples XY12-XY14 only consisted of hex oligo-saccharides,and samples XY15-XY22 were free of oligosaccharides.These indicate that the quality consistency of XOS products in the China market was poor,which should be carefully investigated.

Objective:To explore the clinical evaluation outcomes of COVID-19 risk assessment scale on organ donation and procurement during the pandemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and reduce the incidence of donor-derived infection and medical staff infection.Methods:From January 20 to February 29 in 2020, the organ procurement team adopted the COVID-19 risk assessment scale for evaluating 8 potential donors. They were classified into the levels of high/low/uncertain risk by analyzing the risk levels of donation hospitals, clinical characteristics and exposure history. The coordinators, organ evaluators and ward medical staff adopted essential protective measures. The infection status of 2019-nCoV in the above mentioned staff was examined and graft function in the corresponding recipients were observed.Results:Based upon the COVID-19 risk assessment results, the risk level was high (n=8), low (n=5) and uncertain (n=2) and underwent organ procurement. A total of 19 grafts including liver, kidney, pancreas and heart were harvested and successfully utilized for organ transplantation. During the observation period of 14 days, there was no suspected or confirmed infection of 2019-nCoV among coordinators and medical staff. No graft dysfunction or acute rejection was observed during a follow-up period of 4 to 30 days. No recipient was suspected or confirmed to be infected with 2019-nCoV and 6 of them were negative for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid testing after organ transplantation.Conclusions:During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is safe to proceed with donor organ evaluations and procurements according to the result with the COVID-19 risk assessment scale. Low-risk donor organ donation may be carried out, uncertain risk donor organ donation should be performed cautiously and high-risk donations discouraged.

Objective To investigate the effect ofcranioplasty on prognosis of patients accepted intracranial aneurysm clipping combined with simultaneous decompressive craniectomy.Methods One hundred and forty-four patients accepted intracranial aneurysm clipping combined with simultaneous decompressive craniectomy (first-stage operation) in our hospital from January 2013 to June 2017 were chosen;there were 56 patients without cranioplasty in the control group and 88 patients with cranioplasty (second-stage operation) in the observation group.The degrees of coma before first-stage operation were assessed by Glasgow coma scale (GCS).The general state three months after first-stage operation was assessed by GCS and activity of daily living (ADL) scale.The prognoses of these patients 9 and 15 months after first-stage operation were assessed by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and ADL scale.The clinical data,prognoses and incidence of hydrocephalus of patients from the two groups were compared.Related factors associated with hydrocephalus were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results GCS,GOS and ADL scale scores in the observation group 9 and 15 months after first-stage operation were all significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05);incidence of hydrocephalus in the observation group after first-stage operation (31.82％) was significantly lower than that in the control group (62.5％,P＜0.05).Logistic regression model revealed that cranioplasty,Hunt-Hess grading and Fisher grading were independent related factors for incidence of hydrocephalus (P＜0.05);cranioplasty was the protective factor of hydrocephalus (OR=0.126),and Hunt-Hess grading and Fisher grading were the risk factors of hydrocephalus (OR=5.311 and 5.073).Conclusion Cranioplasty can reduce the incidence of hydrocephalus and improve the prognosis of patients accepted intracranial aneurysm clipping combined with simultaneous decompressive craniectomy.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of sulfotanshinone sodium in lung fibrosis in ALI rats by intraperitoneal injection. Method The rats were divided into normal group,model group and sulfotan-shinone sodium group randomly.During the experiment,acute lung injury was induced by oleic acid in rats.Sulfo-tanshinone sodium group was treated by intraperitoneal injection of sulfotanshinone sodium for 14 days consecutively. The 12 rats were sacrificed at 7thand 14thday after last administration.The indexes of weight,arterial partial pres-sure of oxygen(PaO2),oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2),lung index and wet/dry ratio,IL-1,TNF-α,PCⅢ,TGF-β1 and the lung histopathology of rats were observed. Results There was no difference in rat weight between the groups.The values of PaO2and PaO2/FiO2were increased.The lung index and wet/dry ratio,IL-1,TNF-α,PCⅢ, TGF-β1 and IQA were all reduced. The lung histopathology damage was significantly lightened.as compared with the model group. Conclusion It has treatment effect of sulfotanshinone sodium in lung fibrosis in the ALI rats, which may be related with the adjustment on inflammatory factor.

Objective To investigate the change of the error positivity(Pe)of event-related poten-tial(ERP)under Flanker task in adolescents with smoking addiction. Method The signals of ERP during the Flanker task in fifteen adolescents with smoking addiction were compared with that of 15 non-smoking ad-olescents. Results The Pe amplitude in adolescents with smoking addiction((3.575±2.299)μV)was sig-nificantly lower than that of non-smokers((5.865 ± 4.290)μV)(F=5.324,P=0.029),and the reaction time of the Flanker task in smoking addiction adolescent group((440.754± 36.051)ms)was significantly higher than that in the control group((422.850±20.194)ms)(F=0.620,P<0.05).The Pe amplitude in ado-lescents with smoking addiction was positively correlated with smoking index(pack-years)(r=0.599,P=0.018). Conclusion The adolescents with smoking addiction may exit worse ability of error monitoring dur-ing the Flanker task.

Objective: To explore the relationship between glycemic control and visceral adiposity index (VAI) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods: A community-based epidemiological field study for patients with T2DM aged ≥ 40 years was conducted in China.Every participant underwent physical examinations, biochemical tests of fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and so on, and a questionnaire, including anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle, disease history, family history, and medication use.Those participants with HbA1c ≥7.0% were classified as the poorly controlled in our analysis of relationship between glycemic control and VAI.Anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle, and biochemical indexes of the participants were compared among the groups of different VAI levels.Logistic models were applied in multiple analysis adjusting for possible confounders.Results: A total of 1 607 patients with T2DM were recruited in our analysis with a mean age of (59.4±8.1) years and an average T2DM duration of (7.0±6.4) years.Among them, 78.3% were on hypoglycemic therapy.The cutoff points of quartiles of VAI were calculated for the males and females, respectively.According to the ascending order of the quartiles of VAI, the participants were divided into four groups, i.e.Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4.The poor glycemic control rate for these groups were 60.6%, 65.7%, 70.1%, and 71.0%, respectively (Trend χ2=12.20, P<0.001).After adjustment for age, gender, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), LDL-C, smoking, cardio-cerebral vascular disease (CVD) history, hypoglycemic therapy, T2DM duration, and family history of diabetes, the Logistic regression models showed that the glycemic control rate was significantly associated with VAI levels among the patients with T2DM.Compared with the participants in group Q1, the ORs of poor glycemic control for those in groups Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 1.239 (95%CI 0.918 to 1.672), 1.513 (95%CI 1.117 to 2.050), and 1.535 (95%CI 1.128to 2.088), respectively (trend P=0.003).With each quartile increase in VAI, the OR of poor glycemic control was 1.162 (95%CI 1.054 to 1.282).Conclusion: The glycemic control among the patients with T2DM is significantly associated with VAI.High level of VAI is an indicator of poor glycemic control.

Objective To investigate the incidence of miocardial infarction and risk factors in patients with different levels TG.Methods From June 2006 to October 2007,Kailuan coal mine group conducted an on-the-job and retired workers were took physical examination in Kailuan area,and their results were used in our study(n=100 271).According to different levels of TG,all cases were divided into five groups(TG1-5):TG1 group(0.0125 kg/m2,FBG≥6.1 mmol/L,HDL-C<1.5 mmol/L were all the risk factors for myocardial infarction (P<0.05).Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that after adjustment for sex,age and other factors,with the increase in TG levels.Conclusion In study of Kailuan crowd,the increased fasting triglycerides increase the risk of myocardial infarction,and the risk factors for myocardial infarction are age,BMI,FBG and HDL-C.

Objective To observe the changes of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal during the resting state in adolescents with smoking addiction.Methods Spectral analysis during the resting state was used to observe and analyze the EEG signals between adolescents with smoking addiction (n=21) and nosmoking control group (n=21) by using Brain Vision Analyzer software.Results Compared with the nosmoking control group,adolescents with smoking addiction showed increased alpha band signals in 3 brain regions (including left-anterior,right-anterior and midline-anterior regions,P＜0.05),and decreased delta band signals in 3 brain regions (including right-posterior,midline-anterior and midline-posterior regions,P＜0.05).Moreover,the signals in these brain regions were positively correlated with pack-years (alpha band:left-anterior(r=0.648,P=0.003),right-anterior (r=0.629,P=0.004),midline-anterior (r=0.456,P=0.043);delta band:right-posterior (r=0.602,P =0.005),midline-anterior (r =0.533,P=0.019),midline-posterior (r=0.692,P=0.001))in adolescents with smoking addiction.Conclusion The changes of EEG signals during the resting state in adolescents with smoking addiction may be associated with cumulative effects of smoking.