The Occupational Classification Dictionary of the People's Republic of China (2015 Edition) has added a new occupation type, Medical Nursing Assistants, aiming to meet the strong demand for medical care in the context of the aging population in China.In order to standardize the services of medical nursing assistants for the elderly in home and community settings and contribute to healthy aging, the National Health Commission issued the " Service Standards for Medical Nursing Assistants of Older Adults in Home and Community" ( WS/ T 803—2022) on September 28, 2022.The standards regulate the service processes, service items and requirements, as well as service evaluation and improvement for elderly medical nursing assistants.The interpretation of the standard's formulation background, the compilation process, and the standard's content are as follows.

The Occupational Classification Dictionary of the People's Republic of China (2015 Edition) has added a new occupation type, Medical Nursing Assistants, aiming to meet the strong demand for medical care in the context of the aging population in China.In order to standardize the services of medical nursing assistants for the elderly in home and community settings and contribute to healthy aging, the National Health Commission issued the " Service Standards for Medical Nursing Assistants of Older Adults in Home and Community" ( WS/ T 803—2022) on September 28, 2022.The standards regulate the service processes, service items and requirements, as well as service evaluation and improvement for elderly medical nursing assistants.The interpretation of the standard's formulation background, the compilation process, and the standard's content are as follows.

Objective::To investigate the efficacy of in-phase and quadrature (IQ) demodulation in electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (EFM) to reduce false reports of fetal heart rate (FHR) doubling or halving.Methods::This is a prospective cohort study. A total of 263 full-term pregnant women who delivered at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital between August 2019 and July 2020 were prospectively enrolled in the study. FHR monitoring began when the cervix was dilated to 2-3 cm and continued until delivery. Raw fetal Doppler audio signals and internal and external cardiotocography curves from internal electrode monitoring, EFM with conventional demodulation (external), and EFM with IQ demodulation (external) were acquired to compare FHR doubling and halving time. In cohort 1, FHR was compared between IQ demodulation and conventional demodulation. In cohort 2, FHR was compared between IQ demodulation, conventional demodulation, and internal FHR monitoring. Count data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-squared test, and measurement data were statistically analyzed using t-test for correlation coefficients, and Bland-Altman analysis for concordance ranges. Results::To compare IQ demodulation and conventional demodulation, 225 pregnant women were monitored for a total of 835,870 seconds. The beat-to-beat interval of FHRs in raw fetal Doppler audio signals was used as the reference. The results showed a doubling time of 3401 seconds (0.407%, 3401/835,870) and a halving time of 2918 seconds (0.349%, 2918/835,870) with conventional demodulation, compared to 241 seconds (0.029%, 241/835,870) and 589 seconds (0.070%, 589/835,870), respectively, with IQ demodulation. IQ demodulation reduced FHR doubling by approximately 93% (3160/3401) and FHR halving by approximately 80% (2329/2918) compared to conventional demodulation ( P < 0.01). Conclusion::EFM with IQ demodulation significantly reduces false FHR doubling and halving, with an efficacy similar to that of internal FHR monitoring.

Objective::To investigate the efficacy of in-phase and quadrature (IQ) demodulation in electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (EFM) to reduce false reports of fetal heart rate (FHR) doubling or halving.Methods::This is a prospective cohort study. A total of 263 full-term pregnant women who delivered at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital between August 2019 and July 2020 were prospectively enrolled in the study. FHR monitoring began when the cervix was dilated to 2-3 cm and continued until delivery. Raw fetal Doppler audio signals and internal and external cardiotocography curves from internal electrode monitoring, EFM with conventional demodulation (external), and EFM with IQ demodulation (external) were acquired to compare FHR doubling and halving time. In cohort 1, FHR was compared between IQ demodulation and conventional demodulation. In cohort 2, FHR was compared between IQ demodulation, conventional demodulation, and internal FHR monitoring. Count data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-squared test, and measurement data were statistically analyzed using t-test for correlation coefficients, and Bland-Altman analysis for concordance ranges. Results::To compare IQ demodulation and conventional demodulation, 225 pregnant women were monitored for a total of 835,870 seconds. The beat-to-beat interval of FHRs in raw fetal Doppler audio signals was used as the reference. The results showed a doubling time of 3401 seconds (0.407%, 3401/835,870) and a halving time of 2918 seconds (0.349%, 2918/835,870) with conventional demodulation, compared to 241 seconds (0.029%, 241/835,870) and 589 seconds (0.070%, 589/835,870), respectively, with IQ demodulation. IQ demodulation reduced FHR doubling by approximately 93% (3160/3401) and FHR halving by approximately 80% (2329/2918) compared to conventional demodulation ( P < 0.01). Conclusion::EFM with IQ demodulation significantly reduces false FHR doubling and halving, with an efficacy similar to that of internal FHR monitoring.

Human coronavirus (HCoV) causes potentially fatal respiratory disease. Pregnancy is a physiological state that predisposes women to viral infection. In this review, we aim to present advances in the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment in HCoV in pregnancy. We retrieved information from the Pubmed database up to June 2020, using various search terms and relevant words, including coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, 2019 coronavirus disease, and pregnancy. Both basic and clinical studies were selected. We found no evidence that pregnant women are more susceptible to HCoV infection or that those with HCoV infection are more prone to developing severe pneumonia. There is also no confirmed evidence of vertical mother-to-child transmission of HcoV infection during maternal HCoV infection. Those diagnosed with infection should be promptly admitted to a negative-pressure isolation ward, preferably in a designated hospital with adequate facilities and multi-disciplinary expertise to manage critically ill obstetric patients. Antiviral treatment has been routinely used to treat pregnant women with HCoV infection. The timing and mode of delivery should be individualized, depending mainly on the clinical status of the patient, gestational age, and fetal condition. Early cord clamping and temporary separation of the newborn for at least 2 weeks is recommended. All medical staff caring for patients with HCoV infection should use personal protective equipment. This review highlights the advances in pathogenesis, maternal-fetal outcome, maternal-fetal transmission, diagnosis and treatment in HCoV including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy.

Human coronavirus (HCoV) causes potentially fatal respiratory disease. Pregnancy is a physiological state that predisposes women to viral infection. In this review, we aim to present advances in the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment in HCoV in pregnancy. We retrieved information from the Pubmed database up to June 2020, using various search terms and relevant words, including coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, 2019 coronavirus disease, and pregnancy. Both basic and clinical studies were selected. We found no evidence that pregnant women are more susceptible to HCoV infection or that those with HCoV infection are more prone to developing severe pneumonia. There is also no confirmed evidence of vertical mother-to-child transmission of HcoV infection during maternal HCoV infection. Those diagnosed with infection should be promptly admitted to a negative-pressure isolation ward, preferably in a designated hospital with adequate facilities and multi-disciplinary expertise to manage critically ill obstetric patients. Antiviral treatment has been routinely used to treat pregnant women with HCoV infection. The timing and mode of delivery should be individualized, depending mainly on the clinical status of the patient, gestational age, and fetal condition. Early cord clamping and temporary separation of the newborn for at least 2 weeks is recommended. All medical staff caring for patients with HCoV infection should use personal protective equipment. This review highlights the advances in pathogenesis, maternal-fetal outcome, maternal-fetal transmission, diagnosis and treatment in HCoV including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of normal limbs active exercise rehabilitation training in fear of falling and motor function in patients with cerebral infarction after intervention. Methods: A total of 74 cerebral infarction after intervention patients were enrolled in Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General hospital from May 2016 to April 2018. Patients were randomly divided into the observation group 37 patients and the control group 37 patients according to the random number table method. The control group received routine rehabilitation training, normal limbs active exercise rehabilitation was carried out in the observation group. After 3 months of intervention, the fear of falling, activities of daily living, limbs motor function was assessed by short Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), Barthel index, Fugl-Meyer motor function scoring, respectively. Results: Before intervention, the short FES-I score was (15.32±3.15) and (15.47±4.89) in the observation group and in the control group respectively, after intervention, the score was (10.21±2.67) and (12.28±4.05), respectively. There was no significant difference in short FES-I scores between the two groups pre-intervention (P> 0.05). However, the short FES-I scores were significantly decreased in the observation group compared to the control group at post-intervention (t value was 2.468, P<0.05). Before intervention, the scores of Barthel index, upper limb motor function, lower limb motor function were (33.15±7.08), (22.88±4.42), (15.31±3.38) in the observation group, and (33.40±3.78), (22.26±5.03), (16.04±3.30) in the control group, however, those index mentioned above were (47.96±8.45). There was no significant difference in Barthel index, motor function scores between two groups pre-intervention (P>0.05). However, those scores were significantly increased in the observation group compared to the control group at post-intervention (t value was 2.562, 2.878, 4.553, P<0.05). Conclusion Normal limbs active exercise rehabilitation training can alleviate the fear of falling and promote motor function and self-care ability of patients with cerebral infarction after intervention.

Objective To investigate changes in the mental health status of pelagic fishermen during prolonged voyage,so as to provide solid evidence for further comprehensive investigation and development of mental health protection measures.Methods SCL-90 symptom checklist,sRSS sleep questionnaire,the revised version of MBI-GS burnout inventory by Professor Li Chaoping and Coping style scale were used to perform a repeated cross-sectional group questionnaire survey and analysis in pelagic fishermen,3 days before sailing,at month 3 and month 6 during voyage,and at day7 after voyage.The obtained data were compared with those of the Chinese norms and statistical analysis was also made in the study.Results There was no statistical significance in the scores of SCL-90 scales 3 days before sailing,as compared with those of the Chinese adult norms (P ＞0.05).However,at month 3 after prolonged voyage,the mental health status of the pelagic fishermen as a whole was significantly decreased.Total average scores of the 10 factors and SCL-90 were significantly higher than those of the data detected 3 days before sailing and at day 7 after sailing (P ＜0.01).Furthermore,the data detected at month 6 were further increased,as compared with those detected at month 3 (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,such data as sleep time,sleep quality,lack of awakening,lack of sleep,difficulty in falling asleep,sleep instability,nightmare and night terror,medication and total sleep scores of the pelagic fishermen were all significantly lower than those of the Chinese norms and the oceangoing seafarers,and statistical significance could be noticed when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01) Three months after voyage,the 3 dimensional scores of the burnout inventory and burnout comprehensive scores in the pelagic fishermen were all significantly higher than those 3 days before sailing and at day 7 after sailing (P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,the burnout scores detected at month 6 were higher than those detected at month 3,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).In the 14 coping styles,the percentage of relief only through the access of smoking and alcoholism in the pelagic fishermen was higher than that of the Chinese norms.However,the scores of other coping styles were all lower than those of the Chinese norms,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The mental status of the pelagic fishermen obviously got lower after 3 months of prolonged voyage,and it would further worsen at month 6.The mental health status of the pelagic fishermen during prolonged voyage was poor,which relevant administrative departments should pay special attention to.

Objective To investigate changes in the mental health status of pelagic fishermen during prolonged voyage,so as to provide solid evidence for further comprehensive investigation and development of mental health protection measures.Methods SCL-90 symptom checklist,sRSS sleep questionnaire,the revised version of MBI-GS burnout inventory by Professor Li Chaoping and Coping style scale were used to perform a repeated cross-sectional group questionnaire survey and analysis in pelagic fishermen,3 days before sailing,at month 3 and month 6 during voyage,and at day7 after voyage.The obtained data were compared with those of the Chinese norms and statistical analysis was also made in the study.Results There was no statistical significance in the scores of SCL-90 scales 3 days before sailing,as compared with those of the Chinese adult norms (P ＞0.05).However,at month 3 after prolonged voyage,the mental health status of the pelagic fishermen as a whole was significantly decreased.Total average scores of the 10 factors and SCL-90 were significantly higher than those of the data detected 3 days before sailing and at day 7 after sailing (P ＜0.01).Furthermore,the data detected at month 6 were further increased,as compared with those detected at month 3 (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,such data as sleep time,sleep quality,lack of awakening,lack of sleep,difficulty in falling asleep,sleep instability,nightmare and night terror,medication and total sleep scores of the pelagic fishermen were all significantly lower than those of the Chinese norms and the oceangoing seafarers,and statistical significance could be noticed when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01) Three months after voyage,the 3 dimensional scores of the burnout inventory and burnout comprehensive scores in the pelagic fishermen were all significantly higher than those 3 days before sailing and at day 7 after sailing (P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,the burnout scores detected at month 6 were higher than those detected at month 3,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).In the 14 coping styles,the percentage of relief only through the access of smoking and alcoholism in the pelagic fishermen was higher than that of the Chinese norms.However,the scores of other coping styles were all lower than those of the Chinese norms,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The mental status of the pelagic fishermen obviously got lower after 3 months of prolonged voyage,and it would further worsen at month 6.The mental health status of the pelagic fishermen during prolonged voyage was poor,which relevant administrative departments should pay special attention to.