RNA-based gene therapy has been widely used for various diseases, and extensive studies have proved that suitable delivery routes greatly help the development of RNA therapeutics. Identifying a safe and effective delivery system is key to realizing RNA therapeutics' clinical translation. Inhalation is a non-invasive pulmonary delivery modality that can enhance the retention of therapeutic agents in the lungs with negligible toxicity, thereby improving patient compliance. Inhaled RNA therapeutics are increasingly becoming an area of focus for researchers; however, only several clinical trials have explored inhaled delivery of RNA for pulmonary diseases. This review presents an overview of recent advances in inhaled delivery systems for RNA therapeutics, including viral and nonviral systems, highlighting state of the art regarding inhalation in the messenger RNA (mRNA) field. We also summarize the applications of mRNA inhalants in infectious and other lung diseases. Simultaneously, the research progresses on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and different types of RNA are also discussed to provide new strategies for developing RNA inhalation therapy. Finally, we clarify the challenges inhaled RNA-based therapeutics face before their widespread adoption and provide insights to help advance this exciting field to the bedside.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the advantage and short-term efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic-assisted D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

METHODSClinical data of 116 gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic-assisted D2 radical gastrectomy in our department from January 2014 to August 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Among 116 patients, 56 received 3D and 60 received two-dimensional(2D) technique respectively. All the surgeries were performed by the same team. The operative parameters, short-term efficacy and hospital expense were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline data(all P>0.05). All the operations were performed successfully without conversion. Compared with 2D group, 3D group had shorter operative time [(186.2±22.8) minutes vs. (198.1±26.4) minutes, t=2.589, P=0.011], less intraoperative blood loss [(73.6±28.5) ml vs. (88.1±32.3)ml, t=2.555, P=0.012]. Whereas no significant differences in dissected lymph nodes(36.5±6.6 vs. 34.5±5.4, P=0.073), time to first flatus[(3.1±1.5) days vs. (3.3±1.8) days, P=0.729], length of hospital stay[(11.7±2.9) days vs. (12.6±3.1) days, P=0.088], incidence of postoperative complications [8.9%(5/56) vs. 11.7%(7/60), P=0.628] and hospitalization cost [(8.6±1.4)×10(4) yuan vs. (8.1±1.2)×10(4) yuan, P=0.055] were found between two groups.

CONCLUSIONThree-dimensional laparoscopic-assisted D2 radical gastrectomy may be advantageous over two-dimensional laparoscopic-assisted D2 radical gastrectomy.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Node Excision ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of catheter ablation of Para-Hisian Atrial Tachycardia guide by CARTO. Method Catheter ablation guided by CARTO was performed after activation map in three patients with Para-Hisian Atrial Tachycardia. Result Successful ablation was got at right atrial in two patients and at non-coronary in one patient. Conclusion Catheter ablation guided by CARTO is safe and efficient for Para-Hisian Atrial Tachycardia.