Objective This study aimed to analyze the use of various virtual surgical planning and 3D printing templates in mandibular angle ostectomy.Methods Twelve patients with mandibular angle prominence were selected from the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University between January 2022 and January 2023.Preoperative craniofacial CT scans were used to create three-dimensional models.Two types of virtual surgical planning and templates were designed:ascend-ing branch-fixed templates on the ramus(Group Ⅰ)and inferior border-fixed templates on the excised mandibular angle(GroupⅡ).Patients were divided into two groups based on the template used during surgery.The changes in the mandibular angle be-fore and two weeks after surgery were compared between the groups,and deviations between the surgical plans and postopera-tive results were measured.Results All patients healed successfully with satisfactory cosmetic outcomes.Lateral mandibular angles were observed in all patients of Group Ⅰ.In Group Ⅱ,one patient presented with a lateral angle,while the others showed medial angles.An increase in the mandibular angle(P＜0.01)was noted with no significant difference between the bilateral an-gles(P＞0.05).The deviation from the surgical planning was also not significantly different between the groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Virtual surgical planning and 3D printed templates in mandibular angle ostectomy result in high accuracy and favor-able cosmetic outcomes.Ramus-fixed template is suitable for lateral mandibular angle type,while lower edge-fixed template is better for medial mandibular angle type.

Objective:Clarify the correlation between the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy,changes in physical&mental health status,and health inequalities among the older adults,as well as exploring whether this correlation differs between urban and rural areas so as to determine the role played by the total cost of healthcare.Methods:Based on CFPS 2018 and 2020,DID and PSM-DID were used to verify the impact of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy on physical&mental health status and health inequalities of the elderly in urban and rural China.Three-step method and Sobel test were used to verify the mediating effect of total medical costs.Results:The pilot effect of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy was first realized among the urban elderly population,promoting their physical and mental health through the intermediary mechanism of reducing the total medical costs,but for the time being did not show a significant correlation with health inequalities within this group.Among the rural elderly population,none of the three dependent variables was significant(P＞0.1).Conclusion:The underlying logic of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy is right,but its future reform should focus on the rural elderly group,and consider the fairness of the effect within the group and between urban and rural areas,so as to improve the health level of the whole society in the longer term.

Objective:Clarify the correlation between the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy,changes in physical&mental health status,and health inequalities among the older adults,as well as exploring whether this correlation differs between urban and rural areas so as to determine the role played by the total cost of healthcare.Methods:Based on CFPS 2018 and 2020,DID and PSM-DID were used to verify the impact of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy on physical&mental health status and health inequalities of the elderly in urban and rural China.Three-step method and Sobel test were used to verify the mediating effect of total medical costs.Results:The pilot effect of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy was first realized among the urban elderly population,promoting their physical and mental health through the intermediary mechanism of reducing the total medical costs,but for the time being did not show a significant correlation with health inequalities within this group.Among the rural elderly population,none of the three dependent variables was significant(P＞0.1).Conclusion:The underlying logic of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy is right,but its future reform should focus on the rural elderly group,and consider the fairness of the effect within the group and between urban and rural areas,so as to improve the health level of the whole society in the longer term.

Objective:Clarify the correlation between the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy,changes in physical&mental health status,and health inequalities among the older adults,as well as exploring whether this correlation differs between urban and rural areas so as to determine the role played by the total cost of healthcare.Methods:Based on CFPS 2018 and 2020,DID and PSM-DID were used to verify the impact of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy on physical&mental health status and health inequalities of the elderly in urban and rural China.Three-step method and Sobel test were used to verify the mediating effect of total medical costs.Results:The pilot effect of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy was first realized among the urban elderly population,promoting their physical and mental health through the intermediary mechanism of reducing the total medical costs,but for the time being did not show a significant correlation with health inequalities within this group.Among the rural elderly population,none of the three dependent variables was significant(P＞0.1).Conclusion:The underlying logic of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy is right,but its future reform should focus on the rural elderly group,and consider the fairness of the effect within the group and between urban and rural areas,so as to improve the health level of the whole society in the longer term.

Objective:Clarify the correlation between the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy,changes in physical&mental health status,and health inequalities among the older adults,as well as exploring whether this correlation differs between urban and rural areas so as to determine the role played by the total cost of healthcare.Methods:Based on CFPS 2018 and 2020,DID and PSM-DID were used to verify the impact of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy on physical&mental health status and health inequalities of the elderly in urban and rural China.Three-step method and Sobel test were used to verify the mediating effect of total medical costs.Results:The pilot effect of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy was first realized among the urban elderly population,promoting their physical and mental health through the intermediary mechanism of reducing the total medical costs,but for the time being did not show a significant correlation with health inequalities within this group.Among the rural elderly population,none of the three dependent variables was significant(P＞0.1).Conclusion:The underlying logic of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy is right,but its future reform should focus on the rural elderly group,and consider the fairness of the effect within the group and between urban and rural areas,so as to improve the health level of the whole society in the longer term.

Objective:Clarify the correlation between the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy,changes in physical&mental health status,and health inequalities among the older adults,as well as exploring whether this correlation differs between urban and rural areas so as to determine the role played by the total cost of healthcare.Methods:Based on CFPS 2018 and 2020,DID and PSM-DID were used to verify the impact of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy on physical&mental health status and health inequalities of the elderly in urban and rural China.Three-step method and Sobel test were used to verify the mediating effect of total medical costs.Results:The pilot effect of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy was first realized among the urban elderly population,promoting their physical and mental health through the intermediary mechanism of reducing the total medical costs,but for the time being did not show a significant correlation with health inequalities within this group.Among the rural elderly population,none of the three dependent variables was significant(P＞0.1).Conclusion:The underlying logic of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy is right,but its future reform should focus on the rural elderly group,and consider the fairness of the effect within the group and between urban and rural areas,so as to improve the health level of the whole society in the longer term.

Objective:Clarify the correlation between the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy,changes in physical&mental health status,and health inequalities among the older adults,as well as exploring whether this correlation differs between urban and rural areas so as to determine the role played by the total cost of healthcare.Methods:Based on CFPS 2018 and 2020,DID and PSM-DID were used to verify the impact of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy on physical&mental health status and health inequalities of the elderly in urban and rural China.Three-step method and Sobel test were used to verify the mediating effect of total medical costs.Results:The pilot effect of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy was first realized among the urban elderly population,promoting their physical and mental health through the intermediary mechanism of reducing the total medical costs,but for the time being did not show a significant correlation with health inequalities within this group.Among the rural elderly population,none of the three dependent variables was significant(P＞0.1).Conclusion:The underlying logic of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy is right,but its future reform should focus on the rural elderly group,and consider the fairness of the effect within the group and between urban and rural areas,so as to improve the health level of the whole society in the longer term.

Objective:To explore the long-term effects of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance on patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing drug-eluting stents (DES) implantation.Methods:Data used in this study derived from ULTIMATE trial, which was a prospective, multicenter, randomized study. A total of 1 448 all-comer patients were enrolled between 2014 August and 2017 May. Primary endpoint of this study was target vessel failure (TVF) at 3 years, including cardiac death, target-vessel-related myocardial infarction, and clinically-driven target vessel revascularization.Results:ACS was present in 1 136 (78.5%) patients, and 3-year clinical follow-up was available in 1 423 patients (98.3%). TVF in the ACS group was 9.6% (109/1 136), which was significantly higher than 4.5% (14/312) in the non-ACS group (log-rank P=0.005). There were 109 TVFs in the ACS patients, with 7.6% (43/569) TVFs in the IVUS group and 11.6% (66/567) TVFs in the angiography group (log-rank P=0.019). Moreover, patients with optimal IVUS guidance were associated with a lower risk of 3-year TVF compared to those with suboptimal IVUS results (5.4% (16/296) vs. 9.9% (27/273),log-rank P=0.041). Conclusions:This ULTIMATE-ACS subgroup analysis showed that ACS patients undergoing DES implantation were associated with a higher risk of 3-year TVF. More importantly, the risk of TVF could be significantly decreased through IVUS guidance in patients with ACS, especially in those who had an IVUS-defined optimal procedure.

Objective:Clarify the correlation between the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy,changes in physical&mental health status,and health inequalities among the older adults,as well as exploring whether this correlation differs between urban and rural areas so as to determine the role played by the total cost of healthcare.Methods:Based on CFPS 2018 and 2020,DID and PSM-DID were used to verify the impact of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy on physical&mental health status and health inequalities of the elderly in urban and rural China.Three-step method and Sobel test were used to verify the mediating effect of total medical costs.Results:The pilot effect of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy was first realized among the urban elderly population,promoting their physical and mental health through the intermediary mechanism of reducing the total medical costs,but for the time being did not show a significant correlation with health inequalities within this group.Among the rural elderly population,none of the three dependent variables was significant(P＞0.1).Conclusion:The underlying logic of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy is right,but its future reform should focus on the rural elderly group,and consider the fairness of the effect within the group and between urban and rural areas,so as to improve the health level of the whole society in the longer term.

Objective:Clarify the correlation between the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy,changes in physical&mental health status,and health inequalities among the older adults,as well as exploring whether this correlation differs between urban and rural areas so as to determine the role played by the total cost of healthcare.Methods:Based on CFPS 2018 and 2020,DID and PSM-DID were used to verify the impact of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy on physical&mental health status and health inequalities of the elderly in urban and rural China.Three-step method and Sobel test were used to verify the mediating effect of total medical costs.Results:The pilot effect of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy was first realized among the urban elderly population,promoting their physical and mental health through the intermediary mechanism of reducing the total medical costs,but for the time being did not show a significant correlation with health inequalities within this group.Among the rural elderly population,none of the three dependent variables was significant(P＞0.1).Conclusion:The underlying logic of the Centralized Drug Volume-based Purchasing Policy is right,but its future reform should focus on the rural elderly group,and consider the fairness of the effect within the group and between urban and rural areas,so as to improve the health level of the whole society in the longer term.