Objective To analyze the correlation between the number of oil chambers,the proportion of phloem at cross-section of Aucklandiae Radix and the contents of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone,and the correlation between inulin quantity,vessel quantity and polysaccharide content in powder characteristics,so as to explore the scientific basis for Aucklandiae Radix"identifying the quality based on appearance differentiation".Methods The constant values of the microscopic features of oil chambers,inulin and vessels were determined by cross-sectional permanent slice method,chloral hydrate method and counting analysis method,and the contents of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone as well as polysaccharide content were determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and the phenol-sulfuric acid method,respectively,and the correlation in the two groups of data was analyzed by statistical methods.Results There was a significantly positive correlation between the number of oil chambers per unit area in the cross-section of Aucklandiae Radix and the number of oil chambers per unit area in the phloem and the contents of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone;there was a significantly positive correlation between the quantity of inulin in the powder of Aucklandiae Radix and the polysaccharide content;there was no correlation between the quantity of vessels and the polysaccharide content.Conclusion This study initially established a new method and a new technology for quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicines based on the determination of microscopic characteristic constants of Aucklandiae Radix,which can provide a new technical method for the quality control of Aucklandiae Radix.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive and endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age. Macrophages are associated with the pathogenesis, risk factors and important clinical features of PCOS. Low-grade chronic inflammation mediated by macrophages has been proved to be a key link in the occurrence and development of PCOS. This article reviewed the research progress of macrophages in PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive and endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age. Macrophages are associated with the pathogenesis, risk factors and important clinical features of PCOS. Low-grade chronic inflammation mediated by macrophages has been proved to be a key link in the occurrence and development of PCOS. This article reviewed the research progress of macrophages in PCOS.

ObjectiveTo analyze the gender differences in the pathogen distribution and drug susceptibility of bacteria causing urinary tract infection among psychiatric inpatients in a hospital in Guangzhou， and to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and rational use of drugs in treatment. MethodsClinical data of 326 psychiatric patients complicating urinary tract infection in a hospital in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed， including 126 males and 200 females. Data including gender， age， identification results of urinary tract pathogens from urine samples and drug susceptibility results were collected. The differences in bacterial distribution and drug resistance rate of urinary tract infection pathogens in patients of different genders were analyzed. ResultsA total of 326 strains of urinary tract infection bacteria were isolated， including 103 strains （31.60%） of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Male and female urinary tract infection in patients with multi-drug resistant bacteria were detected 52 strains （41.27%） and 51 strains （25.50%）， the detection rate of multi-drug resistant bacteria in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients， with statistical difference （χ²=8.895， P<0.01）. In terms of bacterial distribution， the composition ratio of Escherichia coli in female patients was higher than that in male patients （χ²=14.794）， while the composition ratio of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was lower than that in male patients （χ²=13.665， 4.054）， with statistical difference （P<0.05 or 0.01）. The drug susceptibility results showed that Escherichia coli isolated from female patients were less resistant to various antibiotics such as ampicillin/sulbactam， aztreonam， cefepime， ceftazidime， levofloxacin， imipenem and meropenem than those from male patients （χ²=5.028~17.680， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionThe prevalence rate and bacterial distribution of psychiatric patients complicating urinary tract infection differ between patients of different genders， furthermore， the rate of drug resistance for Escherichia coli is lower in female patients than that in male patients.

Objective:To investigate the cognitive level of wearing and removing personal protective equipment in COVID-19 isolation wards of Wuhan Fangcang shelter hospital, and provide the scientific basis for the training of hospital protection. Methods:Cognitive level of wearing and removing personal protective equipment in Wuhan Fangcang shelter hospital were investigated by using a questionnaire which included 14 related scales, including putting on and off protective equipment, hand hygiene disinfection and so on.Results:The total scale score of non-medical workers was 48.82±9.65, which was lower than the total scale score of doctors (55.46±1.29) and nurses (55.0±2.36), P<0.05. The each score of 14 items in the scale of non-medical workers was all lower than those of doctors and nurses ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in scale scores among doctors, nurses and medical technicians. The total score of the scale of non-medical workers in later period was 55.23±3.26, which was significantly higher than the total score of 44.50±10.14 in previous period, P<0.001. The total score of nurses and medical technicians in the later period was higher than those in the previous period, and the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the total score of the scale in the later period and that in the previous period. Conclusions:The cognition level of non-medical workers on wearing and removing personal protective devices was lower than those of doctors and nurses, strengthening the practice could improve cognition.

Objective: To observe the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) in young men. Methods: Twenty-eight early onset (≤55 years) patients with PCa pathologically confirmed in the Peking University Third Hospital and Peking University Shougang Hospital from January 1st 2000 to August 31st 2016 were collected. There were 18 radical prostatectomy (RP) cases and 10 transrectal prostatic biopsy cases. Contemporaneously, 445 elderly (>55 years) patients were collected, of which 385 had detailed pathological information, were chosen as control group. The mean age of young group was 51 years (29-55 years). Follow-up data for 22 cases were available (1-110 months). The correlation of the clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Presurgical prostatic specific antigen (PSA) level was abnormal in young patients, with 18 cases (64.3%) had elevated fPSA level, 26 (92.9%) had increased tPSA level, and 26 (92.9%) had decreased fPSA/tPSA ratio. Gleason score (GS) was 8 in 10.7% (3/28) of cases, and 9 in 42.9% (12/28) of cases. Of the 18 patients with RP, 17 (94.4%) had pT stage ≥pT2c. PSA level (P=0.006) and GS (P=0.001) were positively correlated with pT stage. Family history of PCa in 1st degree relatives was found in 9.1% of the cases. During follow-up, 2 patients died of PCa, 7 patients showed progression within 24 months. There were no significant differences in PSA level and GS between young patients and elderly patients, while the former group was more likely to have incontinence (P=0.023), higher PSA levels (P=0.001), and lower overall survival (P=0.049). Only postsurgical PSA level was found to be negatively associated with overall survival (P=0.030) and cancer specific survival (P=0.021) in young patients. Conclusions Presurgical PSA level and GS are positively correlated with pT stage of early onset PCa. Compared with elderly patients, young patients are more likely to have incontinence, higher postsurgical PSA level, and lower overall survival. Among all the parameters, only postsurgical PSA level shows an adverse impact on prognosis of early onset PCa. Young patients, especially those with family history, may benefit from studies on the susceptibility loci and phenotype of PCa.

KPNA2 is a member of the karyopherin family. Given its function in nucleocytoplasmic transport, KPNA2 mediates the trans-location of various proteins and is involved in numerous cellular processes, such as cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, immune response, and viral infection. Several studies have recently demonstrated that KPNA2 is upregulat-ed in multiple malignancies. Its aberrant expression is often associated with adverse outcomes in affected patients, indicating that KP-NA2 plays a significant role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. These findings are supported by previous studies, which reported that KPNA2 may have a functional role in the malignant transformation of cells. This study provides an overview of the research prog-ress in KPNA2 and its functional roles in multiple cancers.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and pathological features of patients with prostate cancer who had only one positive biopsy core and underwent radical prostatectomy ( RP).Methods A total of 62 patients with prostate cancer who had only one positive biopsy core and underwent RP were enrolled .The clinicopathological features of the biopsy and RP were analyzed.Those factors that may cause discordance of Gleason score ( GS ) and influence pathological T ( pT ) stage on RP were further evaluated.Results Out of the 62 patients, 40 ( 64.5%) had pT stage ≥pT2c.The positive surgical margins, extraprostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion were found in 17.7%( 11/62 ), 9.7%(6/62) and 3.2%(2/62) of patients, respectively.Compared to GS of RP, that of biopsy specimens was concordant in 39 ( 62.9%) , higher in 6 ( 9.7%) , and lower in 17 ( 27.4%) patients.There was no significant correlation between GS discordance and age , preoperative PSA level , FPSA/TPSA or maximum percentage of cancer per core (P>0.05).The maximum percentage of cancer per core (χ2 =6.670 7,P=0.009 8) and biopsy GS (χ2 =4.020 0, P =0.045 0 ) were significantly related to the pT stage on RP.Conclusions Single positive core prostate cancer at biopsy should not be considered as a low-risk disease.Although the preoperative clinicopathological factors cannot predict lower GS on biopsy , the maximum percentage of cancer per core and GS on biopsy are of significance to the pT stage on RP .

Objective To investigate the characteristics of coronary's pathological changes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Methods Four-hundred and ninety patients who were suspected with ischemic chest pain were divided into three groups according to their OGTT results: (1) IGT group: n = 161,(2) 12DM group:n = 159, (3) NGT group: n = 170. Serum levels of triglyceride (TG) , total cholesterol (TC) , highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high sensitive Creactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected, their body mass indexes (BMI) were calculated. General clinical information (including gender, age, history of smoking, history of hypertension) were collected. All the CAG results were analyzed and Gensini scores were assessed as well. Results The TG levels in the T2DM group and IGT group ([2. 41 ± 1.70] mmol/L and [2. 26 ± 1. 20] mmol/L) were significantly higher than that of the NGT group (1.95 ± 1.14) mmol/L, the differences were significant (t=0.4610,0.3124, P<0. 01 and 0.05,respectively),whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P >0.05);No significant difference was found among the three groups about TC, HDL-C, LDL-C levels (either P > 0.05). The levels of hs-CRP in T2DM group ([2. 38 ± 1. 76] mg/L and IGT group [2. 33 ± 2. 03] mg/L) were higher compared with the NGT group ([1. 54 ± 1. 32] mg/L), the differences were significant (t = 0. 8391,0. 7815, Ps < 0. 01), whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2 DM group (P >0.05). BMIs of the IGT group ([25.50 ± 3.04]kg/m2) and T2DM group ([26.09 ± 2.86]kg/m2) were higher than that of the NGT group ([24. 70 ± 3. 27] kg/m2), the differences were significant (t = 0. 8063,1. 3947, P<0. 05 and <0.01, respectively),whereas no significant difference was found between the T2DM group and IGT group (P > 0. 05). The incidence of single coronary pathological changes was 44.7% in the NGT group,it was higher than that of the IGT group (23. 6%) and T2DM group (18. 9%) (x2 = 16. 310,25. 116,Ps < 0. 05), whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group' and T2DM group (P > 0. 05);The incidences of 2 branches pathological changes in the T2DM group (37. 1%) and IGT group (39. 8%) were higher compared with NGT group (23. 5%) ,the differences were significant (x2 =1. 200,10. 099,Ps <0. 05),whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P >0. 05) ;The incidences of 3 vessels pathological changes in the T2DM group (40.9%) and IGT group (33. 5%) were higher than that of the NGT group (20. 0%) , the differences were significant (x2 = 7. 767,17. 028, Ps < 0.05), there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P > 0. 05). The incidence of subtotal or total occlusion of the T2DM group and IGT group were 22. 6% and 18.0% respectively,both were higher than that of the NGT group(7. 6%) (x2 = 14. 573,8. 019 ,Pa < 0.05) , whereas no significant difference was found between the T2DM group and IGT group (P > 0. 05). The incidences of vascular diffusing pathological change in the IGT group (24. 8%) and T2DM group (30. 8%) were higher compared with the NGT group (12.4%) (x2 =8.583,16.724, Ps < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P >0.05). The Gensini scores in the IGT group (55. 05 ± 22. 99) and T2DM group(56. 15 ± 24. 87) were significnatly higher than that of the NGT group (38. 03 ± 17. 38), the differences were significant ((t =17.0142,18. 1186,Ps <0.01),whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P>0.05). Conclusion The incidences of 2 and 3 vessels pathological changes increase significantly in patients with IGT. Moreover, the incidences of occlusion and diffuse stenosis increase significantly. This is similar to the coronary artery pathological charactersitics in patients with diabetes, which indicates that IGT is closely related to the pathological severity of coronary artery. We should pay much attention to those patients with IGT in the clinical work.