Food safety risk early warning is a crucial technical approach to ensure that regulation stays ahead of potential risks. In recent years, machine learning, as an emerging technology, has demonstrated its immense potential in food safety risk early warning due to its powerful data processing and analysis capabilities. This paper introduced the concept of food safety risk early warning and the current food safety risk early warning systems both domestically and internationally. It reviewed the main principles, basic characteristics, and application progress of various machine learning methods, including logistic regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, support vector machine, random forest, Bayesian network, extreme gradient boosting, light gradient boosting machine, and artificial neural networks. The paper also presented the advantages and disadvantages of machine learning in current food safety risk early warning application scenarios, as well as future development directions. In particular, advanced technologies such as multimodal data fusion and deep learning are expected to play an increasingly important role in future food safety risk early warning.

BACKGROUND:Due to the young age of children,the occipital condyle and foramen magnum are not fully developed,and they are prone to various diseases and injuries in the occipitocervical junction,which requires surgical treatment in severe cases.However,anatomical parameters for the development of the occipital condyle and foramen magnum in children are lacking. OBJECTIVE:To measure the morphological structure of the occipital condyle and foramen magnum by three-dimensional reconstruction technique,and to provide important anatomical parameters for occipitocervical junction lesions,related surgical procedures and forensic identification. METHODS:Imaging data of 389 cases of primitive children and adolescents involved in skull base undergoing spiral CT scanning(247 males and 142 females)aged 1-18 years were collected and divided into 1-3-year-old group,4-6-year-old group,7-9-year-old group,10-12-year-old group,13-15-year-old group,and 16-18-year-old group according to their age.Mimics 16.0 software was used to reconstruct the skull base and measure the length and width of the foramen magnum.A formula was used to calculate the area and index of the foramen magnum.We measured the length,width and height of the occipital condyle,the angle between the long axis and the sagittal axis of the occipital condyle(O-S angle),the included angle between the midpoint of the front and back edges of the foramen magnum and the connection between the back edge of occipital condyle and the intersection point of the foramen magnum(F-O angle),and the included angle between the midpoint of the front and back edges of the foramen magnum and the midpoint of the back wall of the sublingual neural tube(F-H angle).Gender,side and age differences were analyzed among the indicators. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In foramen magnum measurement,there was no significant difference between sexes in the index of the foramen magnum(P>0.05),but there were significant differences in length,width and area of the foramen magnum(P<0.05).(2)The O-S angle,F-O angle and F-H angle of the occipitral condyle were not significantly different between genders(P>0.05),but length,width and height of the occipital condyle were significantly different between genders(P<0.05).(3)There were no significant differences in the length of the occipital condyle among different groups(P>0.05),but there were significant differences in the width and height of the occipital condyle,O-S angle,F-O angle and F-H angle among different groups(P<0.05).(4)Length,width and area of the foramen magnum,length,width and height of the occipital condyle showed a wavy increasing trend with the increase of age,while O-S,F-O and F-H angles showed a wavy decreasing trend with the increase of age,while the index of the foramen magnum showed no significant change.(5)In conclusion,there are gender and lateral differences in the morphological indexes of the foramen magnum and the occipital condyle in children.These differences can provide an important reference for clinical surgical approach selection and forensic examination.

Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious complication after kidney transplantation.To further reduce the incidence of urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation,improve the diagnosis and treatment level of urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation in China,prevent the development of bacterial drug resistance and ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug use,Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association organized experts in the fields of kidney transplantation and infectious diseases to consider clinical status of urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation in China,refer to"Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological and Andrological Diseases in China(2022 edition)"and"Urinary Tract Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in American Society of Transplantation Practical Guidelines for Infectious Diseases(2019 edition)",and formulate"Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients in China"from the perspectives of clinical classification and definition,epidemiology and etiology,diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation,respectively.

Objective:To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the safety of laparoscopic D 2 radical resection and prognosis of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods:The propensity score matching and retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 351 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who underwent laparos-copic D 2 radical resection in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from December 2016 to December 2021 were collected. There were 256 males and 95 females, aged (58±9)years. Of the 351 patients, 124 cases undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy were divided into the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, 227 patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were divided into the adjuvant chemotherapy group. Observation indicators: (1) propensity score matching and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups after matching; (2) effect evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy; (3) intraoperative and postoperative situations; (4) postoperative histopathological examinations; (5) follow-up. Propensity score matching was done by the 1∶1 nearest neighbor matching method. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measure-ment data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range) or M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the rank sum test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves, and the Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Propensity score matching conditions and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups of patients after matching. Of 351 patients, 154 cases were successfully matched, including 77 cases in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group and 77 cases in the adjuvant chemotherapy group. The elimination of gender, age, preoperative body mass index, clinical T staging and clinical N staging confounding bias ensured comparability between the two groups after propensity score matching. (2) Effect evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Of the 77 patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, none of patient achieved complete response, 26 patients achieved partial response, 46 patients showed stable disease, 5 patients had progression of disease, showing the objective response rate as 33.8%(26/77) and the disease control rate as 93.5%(72/77). There were 15 males and 11 females sensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, while 46 males and 5 females not sensitive, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=11.05, P<0.05). (3) Intra-operative and postoperative situations. The operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, cases with intraoperative blood transfusion, time to postoperative first flatus, time to postoperative first liquid food intake, duration of postoperative hospital stay, cases with postoperative immediate complications, cost of hospital stay were (308±71)minutes, 100(range, 20?600)mL, 5, 3.0(range, 2.0?10.0)days, 4.0(range, 2.0?12.0)days, 9.0(range, 4.0?31.0)days, 7, 7.96(7.37,8.58) ten thousand yuan in patients of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, versus (296±67)minutes, 100(range, 20?500)mL, 4, 3.5(range, 1.0?14.0)days, 4.0(range, 2.0?15.0)days, 8.0(range, 5.0?45.0)days, 11, 8.18(7.52,9.19) ten thousand yuan in patients of the adjuvant chemotherapy group, showing no signifi-cant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=1.13, Z=?0.37, χ2=0.12, Z=?1.26, ?0.33, ?0.70, χ2=1.01, Z=?1.04, P>0.05). (4) Postoperative histopathological examinations. Results of postoperative histopatho-logical examinations showed that all 154 patients achieving R 0 resection. Cases with pathological T staging as stage T1, stage T2, stage T3, stage T4, cases with pathological N staging as stage N0, stage N1, stage N2, stage N3, number of positive lymph nodes, cases with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (negative, positive) were 3, 7, 5, 62, 27, 19, 19, 12, 1(range, 0?28), 59, 18 in patients of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, versus 0, 0, 2, 75, 17, 15, 21, 24, 3(range, 0?31), 44, 33 in patients of the adjuvant chemotherapy group, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( Z=?3.39, ?2.55, ?3.12, χ2=6.60, P<0.05). (5) Follow-up. Of the 154 patients, 143 patients were followed up for 37(range, 5?69)months. The 3-year overall survival rate and 3-year disease-free survival rate was 72.1% and 70.0%, respectively, in patients of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, versus 74.8% and 76.6% in patients of the adjuvant chemo-therapy group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( χ2=0.14, 0.60, P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared to postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not bring additional surgical risks, but can reduce the tumor stage of patients who underwent laparoscopic D 2 radical resection for locally advanced gastric cancer. However, it does not show any advantage in improving survival of patients.

Objective:To study the learning curve in laparoscopic left lateral hepatic sectionectomy.Methods:The clinical data of 62 consecutive patients who underwent left lateral hepatic sectionectomy by a single operator from February 2015 to May 2022 in General Hospital of Northern Theater Command were retrospectively analyzed. There were 22 males and 40 females, with mean ±s.d. of (50.7±11.7) years. The learning curve was depicted and evaluated by using the cumulative summation test. The general information, operation and postoperative indicators of the growth level group and the master level group were compared.Results:The average operation time of the 62 consecutive subjects was (172.9±70.1) minutes. Intraoperative blood loss was 100 (50, 200) ml. Two patients were converted to open hepatectomy. Clavien-Dindo grade I postoperative complications occurred in 20 patients (32.3%), with grade Ⅱ in 1 patient (1.6%) and grade Ⅲb in another patient (1.6%). The learning curve reached its highest point on the 20th patient by using the cumulative summation test. The study subjects were then assigned into the growth level group (patient 1-20) and the master level group (patient 21-62). The master level group had a significantly wider spread of patient age [(52.9±11.0) years vs (46.1±11.9) years], decreased operation time [(146.8±55.6) min vs (227.9±66.7) min], shortened drainage tube removal time [4(3, 5) d vs 6(4, 7) d] and decreased postoperative hospital stay [5(5, 7) d vs 6.5(4, 9) d] (all P<0.05) when compared with the growth level group. Conclusion:Left lateral hepatic sectionectomy was safe and feasible, and a single operator went through a learning curve of 20 patients before he/she could master the operation more proficiently.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of the VA regimen, which combines venetoclax with azacitidine in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are not suitable candidates for conventional chemotherapy.Methods:In the Department of Hematology at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 66 AML patients who received venetoclax and azacitidine treatment from May 2020 to March 2022 were the subject of a retrospective study. The complete remission (CR) rate, cCR rate, ORR rate, MRD negative rate, the incidence of adverse events,1-year EFS, and OS were retrospectively analyzed. Patients subgroups with varying ages, ECOG scores, primary and secondary, risk stratifications, and gene mutation were compared for differences in efficacy and survival.Results:The median follow-up was 4.25 (0.9-19.9) months, and the median number of treatment courses was 2 (1–8) cycles. After the first cycle, the cCR rate was 78.8% , and the MRD negative rate was 51.9% . After prolonged treatment, the cCR rate was 81.8% and MRD negative rate was 66.7% . The median EFS and OS, respectively, were13.2 and 15.3 months. Secondary AML showed inferior efficacy and prognosis. IDH1/2 or NPM1 mutation groups had a significantly higher rate of CR than the control group ( P<0.05) . The CR rate and MRD negative rate of patients with rebound thrombocytosis were significantly higher than those without rebound thrombocytosis ( P<0.05) . Those who had epigenetic modification mutations (DNMT3, ASXL1, TET2) were more likely to benefit from ongoing therapy. The most common grade 3 and 4 adverse reactions were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Conclusions:In real-world patients with newly diagnosed AML who are not candidates for standard chemotherapy, the VA regimen produces rapid deep remission. Primary AML patients, rebound thrombocytosis, IDH1/2, and NPM1 gene mutations are favorable factors for treatment benefit, and adverse reactions were tolerable.

With the development of magnetic materials more widely used in surgical instruments, the development of magnetic surgery technology has continuously made breakthroughs and innovations. Magnetic anchor assist technology has become an important surgical method due to its precise positioning and non-contact traction. The majority of clinical magnetic anchor system consist a target magnet in vivo and a traction magnet in vitro. The non-contact traction and anchoring of the target can be achieved through the mechanical interaction of the anchor magnet and the traction magnet. This method not only can prevent the entanglement and collision between surgical instruments, but also can provide a good surgical field of vision for the surgical area, making the surgical process safer and more efficient. In this paper, 69 articles related to the application of magnetic anchor assist technology in surgical procedures were retrieved by conducting searches in the Chinese Journal Full-text Database(CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Chinese Sci-tech Journal Database, PubMed and other databases. After analysis and evaluation, a total of 36 papers were screened. The research progress and application status of magnetic anchor assist technology in combination with laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, and endoscopy in surgical operations were introduced. The results show that the magnetic anchor assist technology can greatly promote the development of minimally invasive surgery, but there are still problems in the application process, such as mutual interference of magnets and instability of the magnetic force, which still need to be further studied and improved.

Objective:To explore the electro-clinical characteristics of Jeavons syndrome complicated with non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE).Methods:Three patients of Jeavons syndrome complicated with NCSE during electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring in the EEG Monitoring Center, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital in 2018 were studied and followed up.Results:Among the three patients, there are two female patients, one male patient, aged 12 to 24 years. Generalized spike-wave discharges and impaired consciousness were recorded during video-EEG monitoring, which lasted for 8 minutes to 6.5 hours and evolved in generalized tonic clonic seizure (GTCS), and did not recur after receiving correct anti-epileptic drugs.Conclusion:NCSE can also occur in Jeavons syndrome, and NCSE in patients with Jeavons syndrome ends with GTCS, suggesting that early detection and timely termination of NCSE in patients with Jeavons syndrome may avoid the occurrence of GTCS.

As a physical method, electromagnetic therapy has been widely used in clinical treatment of various human diseases. In this paper, a total of 123 research papers related to the clinical application of electromagnetic therapy were retrieved from the Chinese Journal Full-text Database also known as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG Database, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (CSTJ), PubMed, Europe PMC, etc. All papers were analyzed and evaluated, and 58 effective articles were selected. The clinical application and therapeutic effects of electromagnetic therapy on several diseases were reviewed, including hypertension, diabetes, insomnia, depression and osteoporosis. The categories of commonly used electromagnetic therapy were sorted out and summarized, including magnetization at acupoints, pulsed electromagnetic fields, gyromagnetic, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and wearing magnetic items. The results show that electromagnetic therapy has a wide range of applications and small side effects, it has significant effects on some medical diseases, neurological diseases, and orthopedic diseases.

Objective:To explore the associations between perceived built environment attributes and adults’ leisure-time physical activity in four cities of China.Methods:Multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select adults aged 25 to 64 in Hangzhou, Suzhou, Chengdu, and Qingdao. Data were collected from June 2017 to July 2018. The perception of the urban built environment was assessed by the neighborhood environment walkability scale-abbreviated (NEWS-A), and the physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed models were used to explore the relationship between the perceived built environment and leisure-time physical activities.Results:A total of 3 789 participants were included in the analysis. After adjusting for potential confounders, better access to public services ( OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.02-1.75) and higher aesthetic quality ( OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.09-1.73) were positively associated with the possibility of engaging in leisure-time physical activity in the past week. Similarly, these two attributes were positively associated with leisure-time walking. Higher scores on the perception of street connectivity were positively associated with leisure-time walking [ exp( β)=1.09, 95% CI: 1.00-1.19]. Higher residential density [ exp( β)=1.000 4, 95% CI:1.000 0-1.000 8], better access to physical activity destinations[ exp( β)=1.09, 95% CI: 1.00-1.19], and better aesthetics [ exp( β)=1.11, 95% CI:1.00-1.22] were associated with higher leisure-time physical activity. Similarly, these three attributes were positively associated with the possibility of meeting the WHO recommendations. Conclusion:Changing some urban built environment attributes may increase leisure-time physical activity.