Objective:To evaluate the prognostic value of droplet digital PCR(ddPCR)in conjunction with multiparametric flow cytometry(MFC)for measurable residual disease(MRD)detection in predicting relapse risk in patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods:In this retrospective cohort study,we have analyzed 78 newly diagnosed patients with AML who underwent combined MRD monitoring using MFC and ddPCR at The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University(January 2018-January 2025).Clinical outcomes-including MRD negativity rates,cumulative incidence of relapse(CIR),relapse-free survival(RFS),and overall survival(OS)-were systematically evaluated.Prognostic discrim-ination between the MRD-negative and MRD-positive subgroups was compared across standalone and combined detection approaches.Results:With a median follow-up of 17 months(range:2.4-86.7)and a median of one mutation tracked per patient(range:1-3),both MFC-MRD and ddPCR-MRD negative subgroups demonstrated superior 2-year RFS compared with MRD-positive counterparts.Notably,com-bined MFC/ddPCR monitoring enhanced prognostic discrimination,with MRD-negative patients achieving significantly prolonged 2-year RFS compared with MRD-positive patients.MFC-MRD negativity independently predicted improved 2-year OS.Conclusion:ddPCR-based multi-gene MRD profiling provides significant independent prognostic value in patients with AML.The synergistic application of MFC and ddPCR enables superior predictive accuracy for relapse risk and survival outcomes,supporting its integration into standardized MRD monitoring protocols.

BACKGROUND:Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative disease that has become one of the most common and frequent diseases threatening human health.At present,the initial diagnosis of the cervical spine and its surrounding structures mainly relies on the interpretation of medical images by radiologists,which not only requires a high level of technical requirements for operators,but also has the disadvantages of strong subjectivity,high labor intensity,and low efficiency.With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,its powerful data processing and image recognition capabilities have shown broad application prospects in the medical field.Deep learning has also made certain progress in the research of spinal diseases.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current status and research progress in the application of artificial intelligence technology in cervical spine imaging images in recent years,evaluating the performance of artificial intelligence models as well as future trends and challenges to be overcome.METHODS:The first author searched the relevant articles in WanFang,CNKI,and PubMed in June 2024.The Chinese search terms were"artificial intelligence,deep learning,cervical spine."English serach terms were"artificial intelligence,Al,cervical vertebrae,cervical."Finally,101 articles were included and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Artificial intelligence technology can realize automatic segmentation of cervical vertebrae and measurement of curvature change by segmentation,classification,landmarks recognition of medical image parts,detect cervical vertebral fracture,nerve root,and spinal cord type cervical spondylosis,identify cervical spine ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,and predict post-surgery related risk factors and cervical vertebra maturation classification.(2)Although artificial intelligence technology has shown great potential in the field of cervical spine research,it is still in the early stages of exploration and rapid development,with unlimited room for development and innovation.

BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional(3D)Motion Capture Technology can build accurate,objective,and quantized medical virtual simulation model,which is conducive to clinical learners'precise and in-depth understanding and mastery of various traditional therapies.The virtual simulation model of traditional Chinese medicine based on the 3D Motion Capture Technology has been reported,but such a system of traditional Mongolian medicine therapy has not been reported.OBJECTIVE:To construct an interactive 3D visualization virtual simulation model based on the 3D Motion Capture Technology.METHODS:Motion capture data of the professor of Mongolian Medicine Department were collected using the 3D optical motion capture system(Motion Analysis)and Plantar Force Platform.The 3D motion model of brain vibration therapy was constructed using Motion Builder software,and the role model was constructed using Maya software matched with the action model.Unity3D software was used to build a virtual simulation system of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy.The system integrated information on 3D animation,kinematic and dynamic parameters of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:By using 3D Motion Capture Technology and Computer Simulation Technology to reconstruct the operation of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy,it can display the posture of the operator and subject and record the key parameters of spatial position and changes of joint motion to obtain kinematic and dynamic parameters.The interactive 3D virtual simulation technology is used to realize the visual presentation of 3D virtual simulation of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy.It lays a foundation for the standardization,digitization and visualization of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy.

BACKGROUND:Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative disease that has become one of the most common and frequent diseases threatening human health.At present,the initial diagnosis of the cervical spine and its surrounding structures mainly relies on the interpretation of medical images by radiologists,which not only requires a high level of technical requirements for operators,but also has the disadvantages of strong subjectivity,high labor intensity,and low efficiency.With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,its powerful data processing and image recognition capabilities have shown broad application prospects in the medical field.Deep learning has also made certain progress in the research of spinal diseases.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current status and research progress in the application of artificial intelligence technology in cervical spine imaging images in recent years,evaluating the performance of artificial intelligence models as well as future trends and challenges to be overcome.METHODS:The first author searched the relevant articles in WanFang,CNKI,and PubMed in June 2024.The Chinese search terms were"artificial intelligence,deep learning,cervical spine."English serach terms were"artificial intelligence,Al,cervical vertebrae,cervical."Finally,101 articles were included and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Artificial intelligence technology can realize automatic segmentation of cervical vertebrae and measurement of curvature change by segmentation,classification,landmarks recognition of medical image parts,detect cervical vertebral fracture,nerve root,and spinal cord type cervical spondylosis,identify cervical spine ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,and predict post-surgery related risk factors and cervical vertebra maturation classification.(2)Although artificial intelligence technology has shown great potential in the field of cervical spine research,it is still in the early stages of exploration and rapid development,with unlimited room for development and innovation.

BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional(3D)Motion Capture Technology can build accurate,objective,and quantized medical virtual simulation model,which is conducive to clinical learners'precise and in-depth understanding and mastery of various traditional therapies.The virtual simulation model of traditional Chinese medicine based on the 3D Motion Capture Technology has been reported,but such a system of traditional Mongolian medicine therapy has not been reported.OBJECTIVE:To construct an interactive 3D visualization virtual simulation model based on the 3D Motion Capture Technology.METHODS:Motion capture data of the professor of Mongolian Medicine Department were collected using the 3D optical motion capture system(Motion Analysis)and Plantar Force Platform.The 3D motion model of brain vibration therapy was constructed using Motion Builder software,and the role model was constructed using Maya software matched with the action model.Unity3D software was used to build a virtual simulation system of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy.The system integrated information on 3D animation,kinematic and dynamic parameters of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:By using 3D Motion Capture Technology and Computer Simulation Technology to reconstruct the operation of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy,it can display the posture of the operator and subject and record the key parameters of spatial position and changes of joint motion to obtain kinematic and dynamic parameters.The interactive 3D virtual simulation technology is used to realize the visual presentation of 3D virtual simulation of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy.It lays a foundation for the standardization,digitization and visualization of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy.

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic value of droplet digital PCR(ddPCR)in conjunction with multiparametric flow cytometry(MFC)for measurable residual disease(MRD)detection in predicting relapse risk in patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods:In this retrospective cohort study,we have analyzed 78 newly diagnosed patients with AML who underwent combined MRD monitoring using MFC and ddPCR at The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University(January 2018-January 2025).Clinical outcomes-including MRD negativity rates,cumulative incidence of relapse(CIR),relapse-free survival(RFS),and overall survival(OS)-were systematically evaluated.Prognostic discrim-ination between the MRD-negative and MRD-positive subgroups was compared across standalone and combined detection approaches.Results:With a median follow-up of 17 months(range:2.4-86.7)and a median of one mutation tracked per patient(range:1-3),both MFC-MRD and ddPCR-MRD negative subgroups demonstrated superior 2-year RFS compared with MRD-positive counterparts.Notably,com-bined MFC/ddPCR monitoring enhanced prognostic discrimination,with MRD-negative patients achieving significantly prolonged 2-year RFS compared with MRD-positive patients.MFC-MRD negativity independently predicted improved 2-year OS.Conclusion:ddPCR-based multi-gene MRD profiling provides significant independent prognostic value in patients with AML.The synergistic application of MFC and ddPCR enables superior predictive accuracy for relapse risk and survival outcomes,supporting its integration into standardized MRD monitoring protocols.

Objective:To enhance the understanding of the diagnosis and individualized treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasms with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T).Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data, diagnosis and treatment process and prognosis of 4 patients with MDS/MPN-RS-T admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from September 2015 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the related literature was reviewed.Results:All the 4 patients were male, aged 63 to 75 years. Patients 1 and 2 were classified as revised international prognostic scoring system (IPSS-R) high-risk group, combined with ASXL1 mutation and high risk cytogenetic abnormality. The therapeutic effect of various treatment regimens was poor, and they were converted to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and then died due to disease progression. Patient 3 was classified as IPSS-R medium-risk group. His main manifestation was myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) combined with ring sideroblasts in the early stage and was transformed into MDS/MPN-RS-T during the treatment, and JAK2 mutation occurred in the subsequent treatment. After lenalidomide treatment, the patient was removed from blood transfusion and the condition was stable at present. Patient 4 was classified as IPSS-R medium-risk group, and lenalidomide showed significant therapeutic effects and he was in stable condition.Conclusions:Lenalidomide can significantly improve transfusion dependence in patients with MDS/MPN-RS-T, and ASXL1 mutation and high-risk cytogenetic abnormality may be associated with AML transformation.

Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious complication after kidney transplantation.To further reduce the incidence of urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation,improve the diagnosis and treatment level of urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation in China,prevent the development of bacterial drug resistance and ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug use,Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association organized experts in the fields of kidney transplantation and infectious diseases to consider clinical status of urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation in China,refer to"Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological and Andrological Diseases in China(2022 edition)"and"Urinary Tract Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in American Society of Transplantation Practical Guidelines for Infectious Diseases(2019 edition)",and formulate"Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients in China"from the perspectives of clinical classification and definition,epidemiology and etiology,diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation,respectively.

Objective:To describe the characteristics and change trends of incidence, mortality and disease burden of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Qingdao from 2014 to 2020.Methods:We analyzed the incidence data of AMI retrieved from Qingdao Chronic Diseases Surveillance System. The average annual percent change (AAPC) of morbidity and mortality of AMI were evaluated by using Joinpoint log-linear regression model. Disability adjusted life year (DALY) was used to estimate disease burden of AMI in Qingdao.Results:A total of 70 491 AMI cases and 50 832 deaths of AMI occurred in Qingdao from 2014 to 2020. The age-standardized morbidity and mortality were 54.71/100 000 and 36.55/100 000, respectively. During 2014-2020, the AAPC of age-standardized morbidity was 2.86% (95% CI: 0.42%-5.35%), and 4.30% (95% CI: 1.24%-7.45%) in men and 0.78% (95% CI: -0.89%-2.47%) in women, respectively. The log-linear regression model showed that age-standardized morbidity in age groups 30-39, 40-49 years increased rapidly, with the AAPCs of 8.92% (95% CI: 2.23%-16.06%) and 6.32% (95% CI: 3.30%-9.44%), respectively. The trend was also observed in age groups 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59 years in men, with the AAPCs of 11.25% (95% CI: 3.54%-19.54%), 6.73% (95% CI: 2.63%-10.99%) and 6.72% (95% CI: 2.98%-10.60%), respectively. There was no significant change in age-standardized mortality. The DALY rate increased from 7.49/1 000 in 2014 to 8.61/1 000 in 2020, with the AAPC of 1.97% (95% CI: 0.36%-3.60%). Conclusions:The age-standardized morbidity of AMI in men increased in Qingdao, especially in those aged 30-49 years, while age-standardized mortality rate of AMI was relatively stable from 2014 to 2020. The burden of disease of AMI increased in both men and women.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of venetoclax plus azacitidine (VA) in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).Methods:The clinical data of 4 newly diagnosed CMML-2 patients treated with VA regimen in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from February 2022 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, and the related literature was reviewed.Results:All 4 CMML-2 patients achieved the effect of ≥ partial bone marrow remission (PMR) after 1 course of treatment, and with the deepened extension of treatment course, the overall response rate and complete remission (CR) rate was 100% and 50%, respectively. In terms of dose adjustment, the dose and usage day of venetoclax were determined by using dynamic frailty assessment and adverse events. Among the 2 patients who achieved CR, 1 patient initially received venetoclax 200 mg for 14 days, and 1 patient received venetoclax 400 mg for 28 days and then the usage reduced to venetoclax 200 mg for 14 days due to hematological adverse events. All 4 patients maintained CR status. The most common grade 3 and 4 adverse events were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.Conclusions:The first-line application of VA regimen in the treatment of newly diagnosed CMML-2 patients may achieve faster remission and better safety compared with traditional HMA monotherapy.