BACKGROUND:With the development of the concept of minimally invasive surgery,lumbar posterior dynamic internal fixation has become the mainstream operation for the treatment of diseases caused by intervertebral disc degeneration.OBJECTIVE:To review the latest progress of lumbar posterior dynamic internal fixation in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases and postoperative intervertebral disc rehydration.METHODS:The relevant literature published in CNKI,WanFang,and PubMed databases from 2010 to 2025 was searched with the Chinese and English search terms"lumbar spine,dynamic internal fixation,intervertebral disc degeneration,Coflex system,Dynesys system,In-space system,PercuDyn system,intervertebral disc rehydration,crushing stress."By reading the articles,we eliminated the literature with little relevance to the article topic,poor quality and outdated content,and finally 65 articles were included for summary.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Although the main surgical method for the treatment of disc degeneration is still the traditional open surgical method of implantation,posterior lumbar dynamic internal fixation has made great progress.(2)Posterior lumbar dynamic fixation can be divided into open dynamic fixation system and percutaneous dynamic fixation system.Each system can be divided into interspinous dynamic internal fixation system and pedicle dynamic internal fixation system according to the different fixation positions.According to the design of specific instruments and the differences of operation methods in the surgery,different operation methods have been derived.At present,the focus of research at home and abroad is on open dynamic internal fixation system.(3)Under the premise that the clinical effect of posterior lumbar dynamic internal fixation is better than that of traditional interbody fusion surgery,it can cause the rehydration phenomenon of postoperative lumbar intervertebral disc,and further improve the long-term postoperative efficacy of patients.

BACKGROUND:With the development of the concept of minimally invasive surgery,lumbar posterior dynamic internal fixation has become the mainstream operation for the treatment of diseases caused by intervertebral disc degeneration.OBJECTIVE:To review the latest progress of lumbar posterior dynamic internal fixation in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases and postoperative intervertebral disc rehydration.METHODS:The relevant literature published in CNKI,WanFang,and PubMed databases from 2010 to 2025 was searched with the Chinese and English search terms"lumbar spine,dynamic internal fixation,intervertebral disc degeneration,Coflex system,Dynesys system,In-space system,PercuDyn system,intervertebral disc rehydration,crushing stress."By reading the articles,we eliminated the literature with little relevance to the article topic,poor quality and outdated content,and finally 65 articles were included for summary.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Although the main surgical method for the treatment of disc degeneration is still the traditional open surgical method of implantation,posterior lumbar dynamic internal fixation has made great progress.(2)Posterior lumbar dynamic fixation can be divided into open dynamic fixation system and percutaneous dynamic fixation system.Each system can be divided into interspinous dynamic internal fixation system and pedicle dynamic internal fixation system according to the different fixation positions.According to the design of specific instruments and the differences of operation methods in the surgery,different operation methods have been derived.At present,the focus of research at home and abroad is on open dynamic internal fixation system.(3)Under the premise that the clinical effect of posterior lumbar dynamic internal fixation is better than that of traditional interbody fusion surgery,it can cause the rehydration phenomenon of postoperative lumbar intervertebral disc,and further improve the long-term postoperative efficacy of patients.

ObjectiveTo measure the distance from the surface of Fengfu （GV 16） to the deep important bony structures in children aged 4 to 8 years based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology， thereby providing imaging reference data for clinical acupuncture safe operations in terms of different age groups and needle insertion angles. MethodsCervical CT image data were collected from healthy children aged 4 to 8 years with five age groups （4-， 5-， 6-， 7-， 8-year-old groups）， 20 cases in each group. The images were imported into Mimics 21.0 software for three-dimensional reconstruction. The straight-line distances from the skin model surface of the Fengfu （GV 16） to the first underlying bony barrier （such as the lower edge of the occipital bone， the posterior arch of the atlas vertebra） were measured at intervals of 5° on both the transverse section （0° ± 35°） and the sagittal section （40° upward to 40° downward on the diagonal）. The correlation between the measured distance， age， and angle was analyzed. ResultsIn the transverse and sagittal sections， the measured distance from the skin surface to the underlying bone of Fengfu （GV 16） at each angle increased with age. In the transverse section， the increase was relatively small within the 0° to 20° angle range， whereas a more pronounced increase was observed when the angle exceeded 20°； at measurement angles of 30° to 35°， the distance of the skin surface to the bone at Fengfu （GV 16） in the 7- and 8-year-old groups was significantly greater than that in the 4-year-old group （P＜0.05）. In the sagittal section， the measured distance from the skin surface to the bone at Fengfu （GV 16） was shortest and changed greatly at oblique upward angles of 15° to 40° within each age group， and increased markedly at near-vertical angles of 0° to 10°； it was longest at oblique downward angles of -40° to -5° and showed relatively gradual changes. ConclusionThis study obtained the imaging distance data from Fengfu （GV 16） to the surrounding bony structures in children aged 4 to 8 years through three-dimensional modeling， finding that this distance has clear age and angle dependence， which can provide quantitative evidence for developing individualized and precise safe acupuncture schemes at Fengfu （GV 16） in pediatric clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo measure the distance from the surface of Fengfu （GV 16） to the deep important bony structures in children aged 4 to 8 years based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology， thereby providing imaging reference data for clinical acupuncture safe operations in terms of different age groups and needle insertion angles. MethodsCervical CT image data were collected from healthy children aged 4 to 8 years with five age groups （4-， 5-， 6-， 7-， 8-year-old groups）， 20 cases in each group. The images were imported into Mimics 21.0 software for three-dimensional reconstruction. The straight-line distances from the skin model surface of the Fengfu （GV 16） to the first underlying bony barrier （such as the lower edge of the occipital bone， the posterior arch of the atlas vertebra） were measured at intervals of 5° on both the transverse section （0° ± 35°） and the sagittal section （40° upward to 40° downward on the diagonal）. The correlation between the measured distance， age， and angle was analyzed. ResultsIn the transverse and sagittal sections， the measured distance from the skin surface to the underlying bone of Fengfu （GV 16） at each angle increased with age. In the transverse section， the increase was relatively small within the 0° to 20° angle range， whereas a more pronounced increase was observed when the angle exceeded 20°； at measurement angles of 30° to 35°， the distance of the skin surface to the bone at Fengfu （GV 16） in the 7- and 8-year-old groups was significantly greater than that in the 4-year-old group （P＜0.05）. In the sagittal section， the measured distance from the skin surface to the bone at Fengfu （GV 16） was shortest and changed greatly at oblique upward angles of 15° to 40° within each age group， and increased markedly at near-vertical angles of 0° to 10°； it was longest at oblique downward angles of -40° to -5° and showed relatively gradual changes. ConclusionThis study obtained the imaging distance data from Fengfu （GV 16） to the surrounding bony structures in children aged 4 to 8 years through three-dimensional modeling， finding that this distance has clear age and angle dependence， which can provide quantitative evidence for developing individualized and precise safe acupuncture schemes at Fengfu （GV 16） in pediatric clinical practice.

Objective To construct a public food safety risk perception scale and evaluate its reliability and validity, and to provide a measurement basis for conducting systematic and continuous public food safety risk perception surveys. Methods Based on literature research and interviews, a preliminary scale framework was constructed and scale items were proposed. Through online surveys, 1000 valid questionnaires were collected from 16 districts in Shanghai. Six statistical item analysis methods, including frequency analysis method, coefficient of variation method, independent samples t-test method, correlation coefficient method, Cronbach's alpha method, and exploratory factor analysis, were used to screen the initial scale items. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half reliability were used to test the reliability of the final scale, and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the structural validity of the final scale. Results The selection rate for each item was below 80%, and the coefficients of variations were all greater than 0.2. T-test analysis showed that the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.169 to 0.762. After item screening and exploratory factor analysis, combined with professional interpretation, the final scale retained 5 common factors and 18 items, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 61.16 %. Following reliability testing, the Cronbach’s α of the final scale was 0.892 and the split-half reliability was 0.771. Following validity testing and model correction, the results showed that the chi-square degree of freedom ratio of the model was 4.752, the root mean square error RMSEA was 0.069, and all test quantities were within an acceptable range. Conclusion The constructed public food safety risk perception scale has good reliability and validity, and can provide a measurement tool for subsequent public food safety risk perception surveys.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the mRNA expression levels of colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta CSF2RB and granase A(GZMA)in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)of patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and ventricular remodeling after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 161 AMI patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from February 2022 to August 2023 were selected as the study objects,and were further divided into non-remodeling group(n=105)and remodeling group(n=56)according to whether ventricular remodeling was possible.A total of 85 patients with coronary heart disease who did not have myocardial infarction were taken as control group.The clinical data of patients were collected,and the expression levels of CSF2RB and GZMA mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Cardiac structural parameters were detected by echocardiography,and the relationship between CSF2RB and GZMA mRNA levels and cardiac structural parameters was analyzed by Pearson correlation.The influencing factors of ventricular remodeling in AMI patients were analyzed by univariate and Logistic regression,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The mRNA expression of CSF2RB(1.15±0.28 vs 1.80±0.37),GZMA(0.85±0.16 vs 1.15±0.26),Cys C and Hcy levels were compared between the two groups,and the differences were statistically significant(t=-39.002～-4.854,all P<0.05).The follow-up was up to August 2024.Among 161 AMI patients who underwent PCI,56 cases had ventricular remodeling.The expression level of CSF2RB mRNA(1.85±0.31),GZMA mRNA(1.27±0.29)in the reconstructed group were significantly higher than that in the non-reconstructed group(1.71±0.34,1.12±0.30),and the differences were statistically significant(t=2.564,3.057,all P<0.001).LAD,LVEDD,LVPWTd and IVST in the postoperative reconstruction group were higher than those in the non-reconstruction group(t=11.247～26.008),and LVEF was lower than that in the reconstruction group(t=-15.271),with statistical significance(all P<0.001).The level of CSF2RB and GZMA in AMI patients was positively correlated with LAD,LVEDD,LVPWTd and IVST(rCSF2RB mRNA=0.657～0.754,rGZMA mRNA=0.512～0.745),and negatively correlated with LVEF(r=-0.684,-0.754),with statistical significance(all P<0.05).There was a statistically significant differences in the levels of Cys C and Hcy between the reconstructed group and non-reconstructed group after the use of aldehyed steroid receptor antagonsts(t=5.495,20.710,30.906,all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that CSF2RBmRNA＞1.79,GZMAmRNA＞1.18,Hcy＞20.15μmol/L and no use of aldosterol receptorantagonists were independent risk factors for ventricular remodeling in AMI patients.LVEF＞58.11%was an independent protective factor for ventricular remodeling in AMI patients(Wald χ2=1.137～3.206,P<0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of CSF2RB and GZMA in PBMC of AMI patients were significantly increased.CSF2RB and GZMA are independent risk factors for postoperative ventricular remodeling in patients with AMI,and can be used as potential diagnostic markers for ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction.

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis(C.pseudotuberculosis)is a group of intracellular Gram-positive bacteria that can cause zoonotic diseases.This study investigated the mechanisms of inflammatory mediator secretion and the phagocytic and bactericidal functions of mouse peritoneal macrophages following C.pseudotuberculosis infection.Initially,transcriptomic sequencing was em-ployed to identify genes critical for C.pseudotuberculosis infection in macrophages.Subsequently,gene knockout mice were utilized to assess the impact of these key genes on inflammatory media-tor secretion,activation of inflammatory signaling pathways,and the phagocytic and bactericidal functions of macrophages infected with C.pseudotuberculosis.Techniques such as ELISA,Western blot,and immunofluorescence were employed in this analysis.Further,transcriptomic sequencing was conducted to identify key downstream genes.Following C.pseudotuberculosis infection,GO enrichment analysis was performed,and TLR2 was identified as the focal point of the study.Perito-neal macrophages from C57BL/6J and TLR2 knockout(TLR2-/-)mice were infected with C.pseudotuberculosis.ELISA results revealed that the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-10 were signifi-cantly downregulated in TLR2-/-macrophages compared to C57BL/6J macrophages post-infec-tion.Western blot demonstrated that the absence of TLR2 led to a marked decrease in M APK(p38 and ERK)signaling pathway phosphorylation following C.pseudotuberculosis infection.Immuno-fluorescence results indicated that the phagocytic rate of TLR2-/-macrophages was significantly higher than that of C57BL/6J macrophages after infection.Subsequently,transcriptomic analysis of C57BL/6J and TLR2-/-macrophages infected with C.pseudotuberculosis was performed,followed by GO enrichment analysis of differential genes.IL-36a,Cx3cr1,TLR1,and TLR2 were identified as key differential genes.TLR2 plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response induced by C.pseudotuberculosis infection in mice,influencing the progression of the inflammatory response and host outcomes through the secretion of inflammatory mediators,activation of signaling pathways,and modulation of phagocytic and bactericidal functions.IL-36a and Cx3cr1 were identified as key downstream factors in this process.

BACKGROUND:Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative disease that has become one of the most common and frequent diseases threatening human health.At present,the initial diagnosis of the cervical spine and its surrounding structures mainly relies on the interpretation of medical images by radiologists,which not only requires a high level of technical requirements for operators,but also has the disadvantages of strong subjectivity,high labor intensity,and low efficiency.With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,its powerful data processing and image recognition capabilities have shown broad application prospects in the medical field.Deep learning has also made certain progress in the research of spinal diseases.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current status and research progress in the application of artificial intelligence technology in cervical spine imaging images in recent years,evaluating the performance of artificial intelligence models as well as future trends and challenges to be overcome.METHODS:The first author searched the relevant articles in WanFang,CNKI,and PubMed in June 2024.The Chinese search terms were"artificial intelligence,deep learning,cervical spine."English serach terms were"artificial intelligence,Al,cervical vertebrae,cervical."Finally,101 articles were included and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Artificial intelligence technology can realize automatic segmentation of cervical vertebrae and measurement of curvature change by segmentation,classification,landmarks recognition of medical image parts,detect cervical vertebral fracture,nerve root,and spinal cord type cervical spondylosis,identify cervical spine ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,and predict post-surgery related risk factors and cervical vertebra maturation classification.(2)Although artificial intelligence technology has shown great potential in the field of cervical spine research,it is still in the early stages of exploration and rapid development,with unlimited room for development and innovation.

Objective To investigate serum vitamin D levels of healthy children in Beijing and to analyze the factors affecting vitamin D level.Methods Healthy children aged 1-14 years old who underwent physical examination in department of pediatrica,Civil Aviation General Hospital from September 2016 to September 2020 were randomly selected as research objects.Clinical data of the children were collected and a questionnaires survey was conducted.The level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D[25-(OH)D]was detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Serum 25-(OH)D levels were compared between different groups(grouped by age,gender,season,outdoor activity time,and vitamin D supplementation).Results A total of 990 children met the inclusion criteria.There were 500 boys and 490 girls,with a mean age of(6.42±3.50)years old.The mean serum level of 25-(OH)D was(28.23±6.74)ng/ml in all the selected children(range,11.70-51.90 ng/ml),(31.99±6.47)ng/ml in young child group,(27.54±6.49)ng/ml in preschool group,and(25.84±5.93)ng/ml in school-age group.The serum level of 25-(OH)D in the young child group was significantly higher than those in the preschool group and school-age group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the serum level of 25-(OH)D between the preschool group and school-age group(P>0.05).There were significant differences in the proportions of children with normal 25-(OH)D,insufficient 25-(OH)D and deficient 25-(OH)D among different age groups(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the serum level of 25-(OH)D between boys and girls in the same age group(P>0.05).There was significant difference in 25-(OH)D levels among different age groups with a same gender(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the proportions of children with normal 25-(OH)D,insufficient 25-(OH)D,or deficient 25-(OH)D between boys and girls(P>0.05).The level of serum 25-(OH)D and the proportion of children with normal serum 25-(OH)D reached the highest in summer and the lowest in winter.There were significant differences in the serum 25-(OH)D levels and the proportion of children with normal serum 25-(OH)D among different seasons(P<0.05).The serum 25-(OH)D level in children with outdoor activities≥1 h daily was significantly higher than that in children with outdoor activities<1 h daily(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the proportions of normal 25-(OH)D,insufficient 25-(OH)D and deficient 25-(OH)D between children with outdoor activities≥1 h daily and children with outdoor activities<1 h daily(P<0.05).The serum levels of 25-(OH)D in children of never-supplement group and sometimes-supplement group were lower than that in the daily supplement group(P<0.05),and there were significant differences in the proportions of normal 25-(OH)D,insufficient 25-(OH)D and deficient 25-(OH)D among the three groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Vitamin D nutritional status of healthy children in Beijing is good.Serum 25-(OH)D level decreases with age.No difference is found in the serum 25-(OH)D level between boys and girls in every age group.No abnormal vitamin D level is found in young children.The insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D exist in preschool and school-age children,which needs to be improved.Vitamin D level in children is related to seasons.Sufficient time of outdoor activities and regular supplementation of vitamin D can help improve vitamin D nutritional status in children.

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic value of droplet digital PCR(ddPCR)in conjunction with multiparametric flow cytometry(MFC)for measurable residual disease(MRD)detection in predicting relapse risk in patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods:In this retrospective cohort study,we have analyzed 78 newly diagnosed patients with AML who underwent combined MRD monitoring using MFC and ddPCR at The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University(January 2018-January 2025).Clinical outcomes-including MRD negativity rates,cumulative incidence of relapse(CIR),relapse-free survival(RFS),and overall survival(OS)-were systematically evaluated.Prognostic discrim-ination between the MRD-negative and MRD-positive subgroups was compared across standalone and combined detection approaches.Results:With a median follow-up of 17 months(range:2.4-86.7)and a median of one mutation tracked per patient(range:1-3),both MFC-MRD and ddPCR-MRD negative subgroups demonstrated superior 2-year RFS compared with MRD-positive counterparts.Notably,com-bined MFC/ddPCR monitoring enhanced prognostic discrimination,with MRD-negative patients achieving significantly prolonged 2-year RFS compared with MRD-positive patients.MFC-MRD negativity independently predicted improved 2-year OS.Conclusion:ddPCR-based multi-gene MRD profiling provides significant independent prognostic value in patients with AML.The synergistic application of MFC and ddPCR enables superior predictive accuracy for relapse risk and survival outcomes,supporting its integration into standardized MRD monitoring protocols.