Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in treating various malignancies; however, its clinical application remains challenged by low response rates and immune-related adverse events. Immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 (IGSF11), an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule, serves as a specific ligand for the V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA). Through the IGSF11/VISTA axis, it suppresses T cell function and represents a promising novel target for cancer immunotherapy. IGSF11 is widely expressed across multiple tumor types, though its regulatory mechanisms vary depending on the malignancy. Studies have confirmed that blocking the IGSF11-VISTA interaction or specifically inhibiting IGSF11 exerts antitumor effects. While IGSF11 is closely associated with patient prognosis, its prognostic significance differs among cancer types. This review systematically summarizes the structural characteristics of IGSF11, its regulatory mechanisms, interaction with VISTA, and functional role within the tumor microenvironment.
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Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Neoplasms/metabolism* ; B7 Antigens/chemistry* ; Animals ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Tumor Microenvironment

BACKGROUND:During tissue repair and regeneration,macrophages exhibit multiple activities such as promoting inflammation,anti-inflammation,fibrosis,and wound healing at various stages of tissue damage.The heterogeneity and balanced polarization of macrophages are decisive in organ repair. OBJECTIVE:To explore the research hotspots and development trends in the field of macrophage polarization in tissue repair through visualization analysis methods,as well as the research level of global scientific and clinical workers in this field. METHODS:Using bibliometric analysis methods,this study employed Citespace literature visualization analysis software and VOSviewer tools,retrieving related literature from 2013 to 2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection's Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-Expanded)and Social Sciences Citation Index Expanded(SSCI-Expanded)databases.The analysis results were presented in a dynamic map format,revealing the main trends and focuses of the research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of publications in this field had dramatically increased from 2013 to 2023,with a significant rise starting in 2017.Chinese researchers had the highest number of publications,with 642 papers,while American researchers began focusing on this field early on.Professor Elisseeff Hennifer H had made a substantial contribution to the research in this area.Shanghai Jiao Tong University had produced the most publications.In recent years,keywords such as"hyaluronic acid"and"regulation"had been prevalent.Macrophage polarization research in tissue repair primarily concentrates on its multifunctional regulatory mechanisms,interactions with other cell types,and its behavior under specific pathological conditions.The main research areas include the role of macrophages in wound healing,cardiovascular diseases,chronic inflammation,tumor microenvironments,and regenerative medicine.A deeper understanding of the multifunctionality and polarization mechanisms of macrophages can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to enhance tissue repair and regeneration,thereby improving patient treatment outcomes.

Medication reconciliation plays a key role in improving patient medication safety,reducing inappropriate polypharmacy,and promoting the high-quality development of pharmaceutical services.Compared to advanced international guidelines,China's medication reconciliation service standards have deficiencies in areas such as definition and process design,and multidisciplinary team building.There is a need to establish a comprehensive medication reconciliation effect evaluation index system,develop pharmacist-led multidisciplinary teams,promote the advancement of artificial intelligence and big data technologies,and strengthen outpatient and community medication reconciliation coverage,thereby contributing to the high-quality development of pharmaceutical services in China.

Objective:To analyze the correlation and predictive value of obesity measurement indicators and cerebrovascular function scores in healthy physical examination population.Methods:It was a cross-sectional analysis that employed a simple random sampling method to select 3 496 individuals who underwent healthy physical examinations and cerebrovascular function tests at the Physical Examination Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January to December 2022. The general information, physical examination data, biochemical examination results, human component analyses, and cerebrovascular function integral data were collected. Based on cerebrovascular function scores, the participants were divided into high-risk group (0-24 points, 70 cases), medium-risk group (25-49 points, 317 cases), low-risk group (50-74 points, 787 cases), and normal group (≥75 points, 2 322 cases). Spearman correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were utilized to assess the correlation and predictive value of obesity measurement indicators and cerebrovascular function integrals.Results:Among the 3 496 subjects included in the analysis, 2 018 were male and 1 478 were female, with an average age of (46.4±7.9) years. The age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat ratio, body fat content, visceral fat area, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, homocysteine all exhibited an increasing trend as the cerebrovascular function integral value decreased (all P<0.05). The skeletal muscle content in the low-risk group was significantly higher than those in the high-risk group, medium-risk group, and normal group [45.00 (36.80, 50.60) vs 44.10 (36.98, 50.45), 44.50 (37.80, 50.20), and 42.75 (36.30, 48.60) kg, respectively] ( P<0.05). The triglyceride level in the medium-risk group was higher when compared to those in the high-risk group, low-risk group, and normal group[1.87 (1.29, 2.70) vs 1.71 (1.24, 2.80), 1.75 (1.18, 2.70), and 1.43 (1.00, 2.14) mmol/L] ( P<0.05). The high-density lipoprotein level in the normal group was higher than the high-risk group, medium-risk group, and low-risk group[1.26 (1.05, 1.51) vs 1.16 (0.94, 1.36), 1.15 (0.99, 1.39), and 1.16 (0.97, 1.39) mmol/L, respectively] ( P<0.05). The increases in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and body fat content were all moderately negatively correlated with the cerebrovascular function score ( rs=-0.347, -0.335, -0.370, and -0.340, respectively, all P<0.05). The increase in age ( OR=1.012, 95% CI: 1.002-1.022), systolic blood pressure ( OR=1.027, 95% CI: 1.017-1.036), diastolic blood pressure ( OR=1.028, 95% CI: 1.014-1.042), body mass index ( OR=1.157, 95% CI: 1.083-1.237), body fat rate ( OR=1.021, 95% CI: 1.007-1.035), and fasting blood glucose ( OR=1.072, 95% CI: 1.020-1.127) were all positively correlated with the decrease of the cerebrovascular function score; conversely, the increase in skeletal muscle content ( OR=0.967, 95% CI: 0.951-0.982) was negatively correlated with the decrease in cerebrovascular function score (all P<0.05). The area under the curve for the combined prediction of cerebrovascular function integral value by age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, body fat rate, skeletal muscle content, and fasting blood glucose was 0.754. Conclusions:As the body mass index and body fat content increase and the skeletal muscle content decreases in the healthy physical examination population, the likelihood of abnormal cerebrovascular function integral values rises; the combination of age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle content, and fasting blood glucose indicators can predict the increased risk of cerebrovascular function integral values.

Objective To explore the medicinal mechanism of Actinidia Chinensis Planch Radix(ACPR)in the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC)by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods The genes involved in the effects of the main chemical components and disease genes of ACPR were screened from the TCM database and disease database.The main genes were analyzed through protein interaction network analysis,and molecular docking was performed on the main chemical components and key targets.The effects of the drug on tumor cells were measured,and the levels of key proteins in the signaling pathway were detected.Results The primary components of ACPR for treating CRC include quercetin,β-sitosterol,aloe baicalin,and catechin.It targets 144 protein interaction sites and were involved in the protein interaction network,with key genes including AKT1,TP53,MAPK1,JUN,and TNF.The recognition network includes five modules that were involved in various biological processes and signaling pathways.The main components exhibited excellent or good activity when interacting with these targets.At a certain concentration,the drug could inhibit the proliferation,invasion,and migration of colorectal cancer cells and affect the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Conclusion ACPR has been used to treat colorectal cancer through multiple pathways and multiple targets,among which the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may be the mechanism.

Objective:To observe the changes of small airway parameters in patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis in different disease stages by high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) , and analyze the correlation between them and the severity of the disease.Methods:From June 2016 to June 2023, 25 healthy volunteers and 71 untreated patients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis in the Fifth People's Hospital of Ningxia were selected as the research objects. The clinical and imaging data of the patients were collected, and the disease stages were performed according to the dust exposure history and high-kilovolt chest X-ray. The patients were divided into 4 groups: control group (25 cases) , coal workers' pneumoconiosis stage Ⅰ group (17 cases) , coal workers' pneumoconiosis stage Ⅱ group (32 cases) and coal workers' pneumoconiosis stage Ⅲ group (22 cases) . Quantitative chest HRCT parameters of each group were collected, including the square root of wall area at 10 mm inner perimeter (AWT-Pi10, Pi10) , airway wall thickness, airway wall volume, airway wall area percentage of the whole lung and the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th level airways, and low attenuation area percentage (LAA%) of the whole lung. Pulmonary function indicators were collected, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1) and the percentage of its projected value [FEV 1 (%pred) ], the ratio of FEV 1 to forced vital capacity (FEV 1/FVC) and the percentage of its projected value[FEV 1/FVC (%pred) ]. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H test and Spearman rank correlation were used to analyze the difference and correlation. Results:Compared with control group, FEV 1, FEV 1 (%pred) , FEV 1/FVC and FEV 1/FVC (%pred) in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ coal workers' pneumoconiosis groups were lower ( P<0.05) . In addition, the FEV 1 and FEV 1 (%pred) of the stage Ⅲgroup were lower than those of the stageⅡ group ( P<0.05) , and the FEV 1/FVC and FEV 1/FVC (%pred) of the stage Ⅲgroup were lower than those of the stage Ⅰgroup ( P<0.05) . Compared with stage Ⅰ group, Pi10 in stage Ⅲ group were increased ( P < 0.05) at the 6th and 8th level airways, and airway wall thickness and airway wall volume in the 6th, 7th and 8th level airways of stage Ⅲgroup increased ( P<0.05) . Correlation analysis showed that all pulmonary function indexes were negatively correlated with Pi10 of whole lung and the 6th, 7th and 8th level airways ( P<0.05) , all pulmonary function indexes were negatively correlated with airway wall thickness of the 7th and 8th level airways ( P<0.05) , and FEV 1/FVC (%pred) was negatively correlated with airway wall volume of the 7th and 8th level airways ( P<0.05) . FEV 1, FEV 1 (%pred) , FEV 1/FVC (%pred) were negatively correlated with percentage of airway wall area of whole lung and the 6th, 7th and 8th level airways ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The quantitative airway parameters of coal workers' pneumoconiosis based on HRCT are correlated with pulmonary function indexes, which can reflect the severity of coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term oncological outcomes of partial nephrectomy(PN)in patients with renal cell carcinoma(RCC)who were clinically staged as clinical T1(cT1)preoperatively but upstaged to pathological T3a(pT3a)after surgery.Methods:A total of 427 RCC patients postopera-tively diagnosed as pT3aN0M0 at Peking University Third Hospital from February 2013 to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.Among them,33 cT1 patients upstaged to pT3a RCC received PN(PN group),while 394 non-upstaged pT3a RCC patients underwent radical nephrectomy(RN,RN group).Propensity score matching was performed at a 1∶1 ratio based on baseline characteristics.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess overall survival(OS),cancer-specific survival(CSS),and disease-free survival(DFS),with Log-rank tests and Cox regression models for multivariate analysis.Results:Before matching,the PN group(n=33)had significantly higher rates of perirenal fat invasion(PFI,45.5％vs.15.2％)and segmental renal vein involvement(42.4％vs.20.8％),but lower rates of renal sinus invasion(RSI,21.2％vs.73.6％)and renal vein tumor thrombus(0％vs.15.2％)compared with the RN group(n=394,all P＜0.05).After matching,baseline characteristics were comparable between the PN group(n=33)and RN group(n=33).No significant differences were observed in operative time,blood loss,mean hospital stay,complication rate,positive margin rate,or conversion to open surgery between the two groups(P＞0.05).However,the PN group showed significantly higher estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)postoperatively[76.9(55.4,87.3)mL/(min·1.73 m2)vs.61.7(56.8,73.5)mL/(min·1.73 m2),P＜0.05],indicating better renal function preserva-tion.No significant differences were found in OS,CSS,or DFS between the groups(P＞0.05).Multi-variate ana-lysis identified renal vein invasion(RVI),higher Fuhrman grades(Ⅲ-Ⅳ),and sarcoma-toid differentiation as independent risk factors for DFS and CSS in the pT3a RCC patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion:For cT1 RCC patients upstaged to pT3a,PN preserves renal function more effectively while achieving com-parable oncological outcomes to RN.RVI,higher Fuhrmann grade,and sarcomatoid differentiation are independent risk factors for pT3N0M0 RCC patients.

The research status and common methods of the Four Tantras are summarized by bibliographic methods.The"philosophy,biology,society,geography,psychology and medicine"model of Tibetan medicine inheritance innovation in the Four Tantras was used to explore the historical necessity of interdisciplinary integration of the Four Tantras.It combines the latest technology and methods at the forefront of systems science,philosophical science,psychological science,astronomy,biological science,geographic science,ecological science,medical science,as well as modern biotechnology and digital technology into the innovation of Tibetan medical heritage.It is also put forward the idea of multidisciplinary intersection and large integration research of the Four Tantras and Tibetan medicine,as well as a new paradigm of systematic Tibetan medicine research that reflects a systemic and holistic view.The culture,theoretical basis and scientific connotation of Tibetan medicine contained in the Four Tantras are preliminarily clarified,which provides basic ideas for the inheritance and innovation of Tibetan medicine.

The research status and common methods of the Four Tantras are summarized by bibliographic methods.The"philosophy,biology,society,geography,psychology and medicine"model of Tibetan medicine inheritance innovation in the Four Tantras was used to explore the historical necessity of interdisciplinary integration of the Four Tantras.It combines the latest technology and methods at the forefront of systems science,philosophical science,psychological science,astronomy,biological science,geographic science,ecological science,medical science,as well as modern biotechnology and digital technology into the innovation of Tibetan medical heritage.It is also put forward the idea of multidisciplinary intersection and large integration research of the Four Tantras and Tibetan medicine,as well as a new paradigm of systematic Tibetan medicine research that reflects a systemic and holistic view.The culture,theoretical basis and scientific connotation of Tibetan medicine contained in the Four Tantras are preliminarily clarified,which provides basic ideas for the inheritance and innovation of Tibetan medicine.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term oncological outcomes of partial nephrectomy(PN)in patients with renal cell carcinoma(RCC)who were clinically staged as clinical T1(cT1)preoperatively but upstaged to pathological T3a(pT3a)after surgery.Methods:A total of 427 RCC patients postopera-tively diagnosed as pT3aN0M0 at Peking University Third Hospital from February 2013 to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.Among them,33 cT1 patients upstaged to pT3a RCC received PN(PN group),while 394 non-upstaged pT3a RCC patients underwent radical nephrectomy(RN,RN group).Propensity score matching was performed at a 1∶1 ratio based on baseline characteristics.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess overall survival(OS),cancer-specific survival(CSS),and disease-free survival(DFS),with Log-rank tests and Cox regression models for multivariate analysis.Results:Before matching,the PN group(n=33)had significantly higher rates of perirenal fat invasion(PFI,45.5％vs.15.2％)and segmental renal vein involvement(42.4％vs.20.8％),but lower rates of renal sinus invasion(RSI,21.2％vs.73.6％)and renal vein tumor thrombus(0％vs.15.2％)compared with the RN group(n=394,all P＜0.05).After matching,baseline characteristics were comparable between the PN group(n=33)and RN group(n=33).No significant differences were observed in operative time,blood loss,mean hospital stay,complication rate,positive margin rate,or conversion to open surgery between the two groups(P＞0.05).However,the PN group showed significantly higher estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)postoperatively[76.9(55.4,87.3)mL/(min·1.73 m2)vs.61.7(56.8,73.5)mL/(min·1.73 m2),P＜0.05],indicating better renal function preserva-tion.No significant differences were found in OS,CSS,or DFS between the groups(P＞0.05).Multi-variate ana-lysis identified renal vein invasion(RVI),higher Fuhrman grades(Ⅲ-Ⅳ),and sarcoma-toid differentiation as independent risk factors for DFS and CSS in the pT3a RCC patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion:For cT1 RCC patients upstaged to pT3a,PN preserves renal function more effectively while achieving com-parable oncological outcomes to RN.RVI,higher Fuhrmann grade,and sarcomatoid differentiation are independent risk factors for pT3N0M0 RCC patients.