Chronic heart failure （CHF） is an end-stage cardiac syndrome driven by multiple factors. Its pathological process involves interactions of multiple pathways such as energy metabolism dysfunction， neuroendocrine dysregulation， and myocardial fibrosis. Although current clinical medicine can alleviate symptoms through single-target approaches， significant limitations in reversing cardiac remodeling and disease progression remain. Puerarin， a major bioactive isoflavone constituent derived from Pueraria lobata， exhibits multidimensional pharmacological effects， such as vasodilatory effects， regulation of neuroendocrine balance， enhancement of metabolic homeostasis， and suppression of myocardial apoptosis. This review systematically integrated puerarin's multi-target regulatory network， elucidating its mechanisms such as improving energy metabolism by AMP-activated protein kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin （AMPK/mTOR） pathway， inhibiting fibrosis mediated by transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smad signals， and attenuating oxidative-inflammatory cascades by regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2 （E₂）-related factor 2/nuclear transcription factor-κB（Nrf2/NF-κB） axis. Clinical research data was used to validate its efficacy in improving the left ventricular ejection function and reducing the therapeutic potential of cardiovascular events' risks. The study proposed that puerarin's "systemic regulation" characteristic breaks through the limitations of traditional single-target drugs and prospected its clinical translation pathway based on metabolomics and nano-delivery technology， offering an integrative perspective from molecular mechanisms to precise therapy for the research on modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Chronic heart failure （CHF） is an end-stage cardiac syndrome driven by multiple factors. Its pathological process involves interactions of multiple pathways such as energy metabolism dysfunction， neuroendocrine dysregulation， and myocardial fibrosis. Although current clinical medicine can alleviate symptoms through single-target approaches， significant limitations in reversing cardiac remodeling and disease progression remain. Puerarin， a major bioactive isoflavone constituent derived from Pueraria lobata， exhibits multidimensional pharmacological effects， such as vasodilatory effects， regulation of neuroendocrine balance， enhancement of metabolic homeostasis， and suppression of myocardial apoptosis. This review systematically integrated puerarin's multi-target regulatory network， elucidating its mechanisms such as improving energy metabolism by AMP-activated protein kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin （AMPK/mTOR） pathway， inhibiting fibrosis mediated by transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smad signals， and attenuating oxidative-inflammatory cascades by regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2 （E₂）-related factor 2/nuclear transcription factor-κB（Nrf2/NF-κB） axis. Clinical research data was used to validate its efficacy in improving the left ventricular ejection function and reducing the therapeutic potential of cardiovascular events' risks. The study proposed that puerarin's "systemic regulation" characteristic breaks through the limitations of traditional single-target drugs and prospected its clinical translation pathway based on metabolomics and nano-delivery technology， offering an integrative perspective from molecular mechanisms to precise therapy for the research on modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Background Lead is a typical persistent environmental pollutant that can accumulate in bones for decades. During pregnancy, alterations in calcium metabolism promote the mobilization of bone lead, resulting in secondary exposure; however, the mechanisms by which pregnancy-associated bone lead mobilization affects maternal renal function remain unclear. Objective To investigate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in pregnancy-related bone lead mobilization-induced renal injury. Methods Newly weaned female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control or a lead-exposed group administered either 0.05% sodium acetate or 0.05% lead acetate in drinking water. Following a 4-week lead exposure and a 4-week washout period, the females were co-housed with healthy age-matched males for mating. Rats were sacrificed at early (gestational day 3) and late (gestational day 17) pregnancystages, respectively. Renal histopathology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining staining. Mitochondria-related indicators, including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and energy metabolism, were measured. Differential metabolites were identified using serum metabolomics. Results Renal injury in the lead-exposed pregnant rats progressed in a time-dependent manner, characterized by degeneration of proximal tubular epithelial cells, glomerular hyaline changes, and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant interaction between the treatment factor (lead exposure) and the temporal factor (gestational stage) on renal injury (P<0.001). Further analysis of mitochondrial function-related indicators in late-pregnancy renal tissue revealed that the lead exposure group exhibited significantly increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P<0.05), accompanied by a reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities (P<0.05); regarding inflammatory markers, levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were elevated (P<0.01), whereas interleukin-33 (IL-33) was decreased in the lead-exposed group (P<0.05); energy metabolism-related indicators, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase activities, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III, and V activities, were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the lead-exposed gorup. The typical differential metabolite N-methylisoleucine, identified through serum metabolomics analysis, was negatively correlated with blood lead levels, kidney injury scores, and IL-1β, while positively correlated with catalase (CAT) activity and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase. Conclusions Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a critical role in renal injury induced by bone lead mobilization during late gestation.

Objective: To investigate the status of heat illness, knowledge awareness and adaptive behaviors of heat wave knowledge among food delivery riders, so as to provide a basis for optimizing heat wave response measures for food delivery riders. Methods: In November 2022, food delivery riders from a large food delivery platform in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province were selected as survey subjects using a cluster sampling method. A self-designed electronic questionnaire was used to select demographic information, work status, lifestyle behaviors and disease history, heat illness status, knowledge awareness and adaptive behaviors of heatwave. Results: A total of 911 questionnaires were distributed, and 830 valid questionnaires were recovered, resulting in a valid response rate of 91.11%. Among the respondents, 796 (95.90%) were male, and 818 (98.55%) worked full-time. The mean age was (27.75±8.00) years. A total of 470 respondents (56.63%) had a work tenure of less than 1 year. The primary working hours were 8-<12 hours, with 504 people accounting for 60.72%. There were 108 cases of heatstroke, with an occurrence rate of 13.01%. And 286 people reported heat-related symptoms, with an occurrence rate of 34.46%. The overall awareness rate of heat wave knowledge was 73.22%, while the awareness rate of heat warning signal classification was relatively low at 9.04%. The heat wave cognition score was (5.86±1.31) points. There were statistically significant differences in heat wave cognition scores among food delivery riders of different ages, educational levels, family annual income, work tenures, and work durations (all P<0.05). Regarding positive adaptive behaviors, the number of riders paying attention to weather forecasts and actively learning about preventive measures was higher (734 people each, accounting for 88.43%). Regarding negative adaptive behaviors, the number of riders who often drank ice-cold beverages was higher (509 people, accounting for 61.33%). The heat wave adaptive behavior score was (6.88±1.77) points. There were statistically significant differences in adaptive behavior scores among riders with different educational levels, family annual income, work tenures, and smoking frequency (all P<0.05). Conclusions The occurrence rates of heatstroke and heat-related symptoms among food delivery riders are relatively high. The knowledge awareness and adaptive behaviors regarding heat wave are at a moderate level. It is suggested to strengthen health education, reinforce risk cognition of heat wave, and promote positive adaptive behaviors among food delivery riders.

Lung cancer constitutes the most prevalent and lethal malignant tumor in China. Approximately 85% of lung cancer diagnoses correspond to the non-small cell histological subtype [non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)]. Despite surgery being the mainstay for early-stage disease, postoperative recurrence remains high and adjuvant chemotherapy offers limited benefit. In recent years, targeted therapy has demonstrated substantial advantages in driver mutation-positive NSCLC. To this end, the Lung Cancer Medical Education Committee of the Chinese Medical Education Association developed guidelines based on a systematic review of evidence through November 2025, using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach and a modified Delphi method. Focusing on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and addressing ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) V600E mutation, and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) exon 14 (METex14) skipping, the guideline covers molecular testing, neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy, perioperative strategies, minimal residual disease monitoring, and postoperative surveillance. It defines testing requirements, specifies stage-directed and subtype-specific treatments, and standardizes minimal residual disease monitoring. These recommendations emphasize precision and feasibility to improve survival and quality of life.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) for delayed graft function (DGF) following kidney transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 49 kidney transplant recipients who underwent sC5b-9 detection at the Second People’s Hospital of Shanxi Province between January 2024 and December 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Recipients were divided into the DGF group (n=25) and the non-DGF group (n=24) according to the occurrence of DGF. Baseline characteristics and serum sC5b-9 levels were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of sC5b-9 for DGF. A restricted cubic spline model was adopted to investigate the association between sC5b-9 and DGF. Results Among the 49 recipients, DGF occurred in 25 patients. Compared with the non-DGF group, the DGF group presented a higher proportion of male patients, a higher incidence of adverse transplant outcomes, and elevated final serum creatinine levels (all P<0.05). Within 30 days after transplantation, sC5b-9 concentrations were significantly higher in the DGF group than those in the non-DGF group (P<0.001). ROC analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of sC5b-9 for diagnosing DGF was 0.81, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.68-0.92, and the optimal cutoff value was 265.7 ng/mL. Recipients with elevated sC5b-9 (≥265.7 ng/mL) had a significantly higher incidence of DGF than those with low sC5b-9 levels (<265.7 ng/mL) (P<0.001). Recipients with adverse outcomes exhibited significantly higher sC5b-9 levels than those without adverse outcomes (P<0.001), and the AUC of sC5b-9 for identifying adverse outcomes was 0.82 (95%CI 0.63-0.95). A significant nonlinear correlation was observed between sC5b-9 and final serum creatinine (P<0.001). Conclusions Elevated sC5b-9 is correlated with the development of DGF after kidney transplantation and exhibits favorable diagnostic performance. It may serve as a potential biomarker for predicting early allograft dysfunction and adverse outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.

Objective To explore the effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on the primary cilia of mono-cytse-macrophages and its potential mechanisms of promoting osteoclast differentiation.Methods Bone marrow-de-rived mononuclear cells(BMMCs)isolated from patients in control group and spinal tuberculosis group(TB group)were performed in vitro culture,and then cultured with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,infection model(Rv group)was constructed.Changes in cilia were observed by fluorescence staining and scanning electron microscopy tech-nique,a mouse spinal TB model was constructed for validating.Results Compared with the control group,the ex-pression of primary cili markers in the lesion of bone tissue of patients in TB group decreased significantly;After co-culturing with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,the ratio(48.56％±7.77％vs 9.58％±5.59％)and length(4.050[3.289,4.666]μm vs 0[0,0.676]μm)of primary cilia of monocytes-macrophages in the Rv group decreased sig-nificantly;The infiltration of osteoclasts in the bone marrow cavity of spinal TB mice was obvious,and the propor-tion and length of primary cilia decreased significantly.Conclusion Intracellular infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can induce degradation of primary cilia in monocytes-macrophages,promote osteoclast differentiation,and exacerbate vertebral bone resorption.

Objective:To investigate the expression of ZNF711 in ovarian cancer and its relationship with prognosis and its possible role.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The GEPIA database (data updated in October 2020) was used to analyze the expression of ZNF711 mRNA in 426 ovarian cancer samples and 88 normal ovarian tissue samples; 424 ovarian cancer patients were screened from the GEPIA database, and 373 ovarian cancer patients were screened from the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. The patients were grouped according to the median relative expression levels of ZNF711 mRNA in ovarian cancer samples from the two databases, and the overall survival of the two groups in the same database was compared. The cBioPortal database (data updated in September 2023) was used to screen for the top 30 genes co-expressed with ZNF711 in ovarian cancer tissues from 489 ovarian serous cystadenoma samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database; these 30 co-expressed genes were imported into the David database (data updated in October 2023) for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The correlation between ZNF711 expression and 6 types of immune cell infiltration in ovarian cancer was analyzed based on the TIMER database gene module. The ovarian cancer tissues from 178 ovarian cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment at Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2012 to December 2017, as well as the normal ovarian tissues from 53 patients who underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy for uterine fibroids during the same period were collected. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of ZNF711 protein in ovarian tissues. The immunohistochemical score was calculated by multiplying the positive cell ratio score and the staining intensity score, ranging from 0 to 12 points, and low or high expression of ZNF711 protein was determined by whether it was ≤ 8 points. The overall survival of patients with high and low expression of ZNF711 protein, as well as the distribution of patients with high and low expression of ZNF711 protein in different clinicopathological stratifications were compared; univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the influencing factors of overall survival in ovarian cancer patients.Results:Among 426 ovarian cancer tissue samples and 88 normal ovarian tissue samples in the GEPIA database, the relative expression level of ZNF711 mRNA in ovarian cancer tissues was lower than that in normal ovarian tissues, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The median relative expression levels of ZNF711 mRNA in ovarian cancer tissues were 8.46 and 8.57 in the GEPIA database and Kaplan-Meier Plotter database, respectively. The overall survival of the ZNF711 high expression group (212 cases) was better than that of the ZNF711 low expression group (212 cases) in the GEPIA database ( P = 0.010), and the overall survival of the ZNF711 high expression group (242 cases) was better than that of the ZNF711 low expression group (131 cases) in the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database ( P = 0.002). GO enrichment analysis of the top 30 ZNF711 co-expressed genes screened from ovarian cancer tissues in the cBioPortal database showed that these genes were mainly enriched in biological processes such as DNA-templated regulation of transcription, synapse assembly, regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase Ⅱ promoter, cell adhesion of calcium channels, etc. The involved cellular compositions were mainly enriched in the nucleus, ribonucleoprotein complex, etc. The involved molecular functions were mainly enriched in RNA polymerase Ⅱ core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding, protein binding, mRNA 3'UTR AU-rich region binding, etc. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the ZNF711 co-expressed genes were mainly enriched in processes such as herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ infection, osteoclast differentiation, antigen processing and presentation, Fc γ R-mediated phagocytosis, etc. Analysis using TIMER database found that the expression level of ZNF711 was negatively correlated with B cells, CD8 + T cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (all P < 0.05), but it was not correlated with CD4 + T cells or macrophages (both P > 0.05). The immunohistochemistry results of clinical specimens showed that the immunohistochemical scores of ZNF711 in 178 cases of ovarian cancer tissue and 53 cases of normal ovarian tissue were (3.0±1.6) points and (6.9±1.8) points, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 14.42, P < 0.001); the overall survival of the ZNF711 low expression group (63 cases) was worse than that of the ZNF711 high expression group (115 cases) ( P = 0.008); there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of high and low expression of ZNF711 protein among ovarian cancer patients of different ages, International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology staging, R0 resection, differentiation degree, and ascites (all P = 0.001). The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that non-R0 resection (non-R0 resection vs. R0 resection, HR = 15.862,95% CI: 4.440-56.661) and low expression of ZNF711 protein (high expression vs. low expression, HR = 0.421, 95% CI: 0.089-1.987) were independent risk factors for poor overall survival in ovarian cancer patients (both P < 0.05). Conclusions:ZNF711 is lowly expressed in ovarian cancer and is associated with poor prognosis of patients. It may be an important molecule involved in the progression of ovarian cancer.

Objective:To analyze the distribution and epidemiological characteristics of common non-bacterial pathogens in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections(ARTI)from a multi-center study covering 4 regions in Fujian Province in 2023.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical record analysis.A total of 22 769 hospitalized children with ARTI were enrolled from January to December 2023 across seven regional pediatric medical centers in Fujian Province (covering four major geographical divisions of Fuzhou, Nanping, Sanming and Longyan; all selected hospitals were regional children′s medical centers).Using single-tube multiplex PCR with fragment analysis on a Sanger sequencing platform, the nucleic acids of 11 common non-bacterial respiratory pathogens were tested in nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 22 769 children. These pathogens included influenza A virus(FluA), influenza B virus(FluB), parainfluenza virus(PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human bocavirus (HBoV), human coronavirus (HCoV), human metapneumovirus(HMPV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP), and Chlamydia (Ch). Count data were described as [ n(%)], and the chi-square test/Fisher′s exact test was used to compare the differences in rates between groups. Epidemiological features, including positive detection rates, pathogen profiles, and correlations with region, sex, age and month, were analyzed. Results:Among 22 769 children with ARTI, pathogens were detected in 16 213 cases (71.21%), including 13 340 single infections (58.59%).The detection rates of single pathogens in descending order were human rhinovirus (HRV, 12.95%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP, 12.27%), respiratory syncytial virus(RSV, 11.12%), influenza A virus (Flu-A, 7.98%), parainfluenza virus(PIV, 4.66%), human metapneumovirus(HMPV, 4.60%), adenovirus(ADV, 2.70%), human bocavirus(HBoV, 0.84%), human coronavirus(HCoV, 0.82%), influenza B virus(Flu-B, 0.47%) and Chlamydia(Ch, 0.18%).Mixed infections occurred in 2 873 cases(12.62%), primarily dual infections(2 679 cases).Regional analysis revealed significant disparities:Luoyuan County Hospital (Fuzhou) exhibited the highest total detection rate(86.59%, 1 414/1 633)and mixed infection rate(23.27%, 380/1 633)(both P<0.001), with notably elevated MP (26.39%, 431/1 633);Jian′ou City Hospital(Nanping) ranked second for Flu-A(14.21%, 409/2 879), RSV(13.20%, 380/2 879) and mixed infections(17.12%, 493/2 879);Lianjiang County Hospital(Fuzhou) showed distinct prevalence of Flu-A(10.68%, 130/1 217), PIV(6.00%, 73/1 217), and HBoV(1.73%, 21/1 217); Yong′an City Hospital (Sanming) reported high MP (26.07%, 238/913) and RSV(12.38%, 113/913);Shaowu City Hospital(Nanping) was dominated by MP (18.60%, 407/2 188) and HRV(13.39%, 293/2 188); Tingzhou Hospital(Longyan) had the highest HRV (17.88%, 407/2 276) and Flu-B (0.75%, 17/2 276); and Fuzhou Children′s Hospital showed elevated ADV(3.38%, 394/11 663) and HCoV(1.08%, 126/11 663). Except for Flu-B(0.47%, 108/22 769; P=0.054) and Ch(0.18%, 40/22769; P=0.900), all pathogens and mixed infections exhibited significant regional variations ( P<0.05).Gender analysis indicated higher detection rates of HRV, RSV, Flu-A, ADV, PIV, HBoV and mixed infections in males, while MP, HMPV, Flu-B, HCoV, and Ch were more prevalent in females, with statistically significant differences for HRV and MP (both P<0.001). Age stratification showed the highest overall detection rate in the 3-<6 years group (75.48%; P<0.001): RSV and Ch peaked in infants (<1 year), HRV, PIV, ADV and HBoV in toddlers (1-<3 years), HMPV, HCoV, and mixed infections in preschool children (3-<6 years), and MP, Flu-A and Flu-B in older children (6-<18 years).Analyzing the prevalent months, the monthly prevalence trends of pathogens in various regions are similar.Seasonal trends demonstrated year-round HRV activity (peaking in spring/autumn), MP prevalence in autumn/winter, RSV surges in spring-summer (April-June) and late summer-autumn (August-October), and Flu-A predominanced in winter-spring. Conclusion:Multiplex PCR with fragment analysis demonstrated high diagnostic efficacy. The top 4 non-bacterial pathogens in Fujian Province′s ARTI-hospitalized children in 2023 were HRV, MP, RSV and Flu-A. Pathogen distribution exhibited significant regional, age and seasonal variations, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus(MPXV)and was upgraded twice to a"Public Health Emergency of International Concern"by The World Health Organization(WHO)in 2022 and 2024,respectively.The clinical presentation of monkeypox is similar to that of smallpox but is less se-vere;the typical features of the monkeypox include fever,lymphadenopathy,disseminated rash,commonly ac-companied by headache,myalgia and back pain.The diagnosis should be made based on exposure history,typical clinical manifestations and MPXV DNA testing.MPXV has certain neuroinvasive properties and is able to break through the blood-brain barrier.The article is aimed at the review of literatures regarding to the MPXV-associat-ed neurological complications at present and at the exploration of epidemiological characteristics,clinical manifes-tations,pathogenic mechanisms and prevention and treatment strategies so as to raise the clinicians'awareness of the MPXV-associated neurological manifestations.