Objective : To investigate the effectiveness of an extraoral guide plate system targeting the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle in improving the accuracy of injection therapy for anterior disc displacement (ADD) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with lateral pterygoid myalgia, and to provide a reference for precise clinical treatment. Methods: With approval from the institutional medical ethics committee and informed consent from patients, spiral CT scans were performed on seven patients with ADD accompanied or not accompanied by lateral pterygoid myalgia to acquire craniofacial data. Mimics 21.0 software was used to reconstruct three-dimensional craniofacial structures, identify attachment points of the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle, and design dual injection paths along with a retention system. Personalized templates were fabricated using digital light procession-based 3D printing. Under the guide plate, a single targeted injection of 20 U of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) was administered into both the superior and/or inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Immediate postoperative CT scans were conducted to compare actual needle placement with preoperative plans. Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) at 3 days and 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively. Joint clicking was recorded at 2 and 4 weeks, and complications were monitored throughout the duration of the study. Results : A total of 15 sites in 7 patients were injected into the upper / lower head of the lateral pterygoid muscle under the guidance of the guide plate. Under the guide plate, all of the injections achieved an angular deviation within 2.5° (superior head: 2.49° ± 0.17°, inferior head: 2.31° ± 0.16°) and a needle tip positional deviation within 2 mm [superior head: (1.96 ± 0.25) mm, inferior head: (1.65 ± 0.21) mm]. The significant pain improvement rate (defined as ≥3-point reduction in VAS score) increased from 60% (9/15) at day 3 to 85% (13/15) at 2 weeks post-operation, stabilizing at 86.7% (13/15) at 4 weeks post-operation. Joint clicking improvement rates reached 72% (11/15) at 2 weeks post-operation and 75% (11/15) at 4 weeks post-operation. Regarding safety, only one case of injection site swelling and one case of transient paresthesia were observed; both resolved spontaneously within a short period of time. No neurovascular injury events occurred. Conclusion CT-guided guide plate achieves precise targeting design to minimize injection errors in the lateral pterygoid muscle. This technology is effective and safe, and it can provide an anatomically specific and operationally versatile targeted therapy for temporomandibular disorders.

Objective:To determine incidence of seasonal influenza virus infection in the community and to analyze the factors influencing seasonal influenza virus infection.Methods:This study recruited residents aged 6-59 years to build a cohort in 15 villages/streets in Macheng city in November 2019. Meanwhile, a cross-sectional baseline survey was conducted immediately to collect sera, information on demographics and child protection knowledge, behaviors, as well as attitudes using a questionnaire from the participants enrolled in the cohort (i.e., before the influenza epidemic season). In July 2020, a cross-sectional follow-up survey was conducted to collect sera once again (i.e., after the influenza season). Paired sera from the two cross-sectional surveys were tested for influenza virus-specific antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test or micro-neutralization (MN) test using a circulating representative strain of each subtype/lineage of influenza virus as the test antigen. The infections with influenza virus subtype/lineage was confirmed if there was a four-fold or more increase in titers of antibodies against circulating representative strain of the subtype/lineage of influenza virus. Factors influencing infection with influenza A (H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.Results:In November 2019, 800 study participants were enrolled in the cohort, including 340 children aged 6-17 years and 460 adults aged 18-59 years; 605 study participants (including 224 children and 381 adults) were followed up in July 2020 and their paired sera were obtained before and after the influenza season. 25.3% (153/605) of the participants were confirmed to be infected with at least one subtype/lineage of seasonal influenza virus by HI and MN tests. The overall incidence of influenza viruses of all subtypes/lineages in children was 44.2% (95% CI: 37.6%-50.8%) which was significantly higher than the incidence of 14.1% in adults (95% CI: 10.7%-17.7%). Children had the highest incidence of influenza A (H3N2) virus infection, followed by B/Victoria. MN or HI antibody titers in A (H3N2)[ OR=0.88 (95% CI: 0.84-0.93)] and B/Victoria[ OR=0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99)] before the influenza season were significantly associated with whether children were infected with that subtype/lineage of influenza virus. Conclusions:The residents aged 6-59 years in Macheng city had a substantial incidence of seasonal influenza virus infection during the influenza season from winter 2019 to spring 2020. Notably, almost half of children aged 6-17 years have been infected with seasonal influenza virus. Higher titers of HI/MN antibodies against seasonal influenza virus before the influenza season would be likely to reduce the risk of infection with influenza A (H3N2) and B/Victoria.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of combined detection of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophils (CD64), interferon-induced protein 10(IP-10) in the diagnosis of upper respiratory infectious diseases in children.Methods:A total of 122 children with upper respiratory tract infectious diseases treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected as the research subjects.According to the clinical symptoms and diagnosis results of the children, the children were all infected by bacteria (infected group), and healthy children in the same period were selected as normal control group ( n=61). The PCT, CRP, CD64 and IP-10 levels of the two groups were detected.The correlation between the indicators and the diagnostic value of combined detection was analyzed. Results:The PCT levels of the normal control group and infected group were (0.55±0.13)μg/L, (10.81±1.25)μg/L, respectively, and the CRP levels of the normal control group and infected group were (1.85±1.07)mg/L, (15.18±5.05)mg/L, respectively, and the CD64 index of the normal control group and infected group were (4.37±0.51), (9.91±1.62), respectively, and the IP-10 levels of the normal control group and infected group were (0.08±0.01)μg/L, (0.70±0.20)μg/L, respectively, the differences were statistically significant between the two groups( t=63.847, 20.362, 26.040, 24.163, all P<0.001). The levels of PCT, CRP, CD64 and IP-10 in the infection group were higher than those in the normal control group.After treatment, the levels of PCT, CRP, CD64 and IP-10 in the infection group were decreased (all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis found that PCT and CRP, PCT and CD64, PCT and IP-10, CRP and CD64, CRP and IP-10, CD64 and IP-10 were positively correlated (all P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and Yoden index of combined diagnosis were higher than those of single index by ROC. Conclusion:The combined detection of PCT, CRP, CD64 and IP-10 has high sensitivity and specificity.It can be used as an index for the diagnosis of early bacterial infection in children with upper respiratory infectious diseases.

Objective : To analyze circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its clinical significance. Methods : The expression of circRNA was detected with circRNA microarray assay in three samples of OSCC tumor and matched adjacent tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to verify the expression of circRNA in 45 pair OSCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues. The relationship between the expression of circRNA and the clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC was analyzed. circRNAs/miRNAs interaction were predicted using Arraystar' s home-made miRNA target prediction software. Results : 155 circRNAs were differentially expressed between the OSCC tissues and matched adjacent tissues, of which 45 circRNAs were up-regulated and 110 circRNAs were down-regulated in OSCC tissues (fold changes ≥1.5 and P < 0.05). In the selected three circRNAs that were most significantly upregulated or downregulated in OSCC, the RT-qPCR results showed that hsa_circ_0001874, hsa_circ_0001971 and has_circ_0067934 were increased, while hsa_circ_0000520, hsa_circ_0023944 and hsa_circ_0000140 were decreased in OSCC tissues versus normal adjacent tissues (P < 0.001). The results were generally consistent with the microarray data. Among the circRNA expression profiles in OSCC, the up-regulation of hsa_circ_0001874 was the highest and the expression of hsa_circ_0001874 was significantly correlated with TNM stage and tumor grade. The result of Arraystar' s home-made miRNA target prediction software indicated that miR-103a-3p, miR-107, miR-593-5p, miR-661 and miR-662 may be potential target genes of hsa_circ_0001874. Conclusion The differentially expressed circRNAs in OSCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues were identified, and these dysregulated circRNAs and their potential target gents may play important roles in the development of OSCC.

Objective: To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in plasma of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its clinical significance. Methods: 70 OSCC patients and 50 healthy controls were included. The relative expression of MALAT1 in plasma was examined by quantitative realtime PCR. The expression of MALAT1 in plasma in 15 OSCC patients was analyzed retrospectively 30 days after operation. Results: The expression level of MALAT1 in plasma of OSCC patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls(P＜ 0. 001). The expression level of MALAT1 in OSCC patients was significantly correlated with TNM stage, tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis(P＜ 0. 05). After operation the expression level of MALAT1 in plasma of OSCC patients was significantly decreased(P＜ 0. 001). The AUC of the diagnosis of OSCC with MALAT1 was 0. 814, and the sensitivity and specificity were 87. 43％ and 72. 00％ respectively. Conclusion: MALAT1 can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic marker for OSCC.

Objective: To explore the expression and clinical significance of circular RNA circHIPK3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), analyze the effect of circHIPK3 on the proliferation of OSCC cells. Methods: The expression of circHIPK3 in OSCC tissues, adjacent non-cancerous tissues and OSCC cell lines were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The correlations between the expression of circHIPK3 in OSCC tissues and the clinicopathological features were analyzed as well. circHIPK3-specific siRNA si-circHIPK3 and negative control siRNA si-NC were designed and synthesised and used to transfect CAL27 and SCC15 cells respectively. The proliferation capacity of CAL27 and SCC15 cells after transfection with si-circHIPK3 was detected by CCK-8 assay. The expression of miR-124 in OSCC was detected by qPCR, and the correlation between expression of circHIPK3 and the expression of miR-124 was analyzed. Using qPCR to detect the expression of miR-124 in CAL27 and SCC15 cells after transfection with si-circHIPK3 and si-NC respectively. Furthermore, using CCK-8 assay to detect the proliferation capacity of CAL27 and SCC15 cells after transfection with si-NC, si-circHIPK3, miR-124 mimic, si-circHIPK3+miR-124 inhibitor. Results: The expression of circHIPK3 in OSCC tissues [2.23 (1.86, 3.00)] was significantly higher than that of the adjacent non-cancerous tissues [1.05 (0.85, 1.26)] (U=1 094, P=0.000). The expression of circHIPK3 in CAL27 (3.02±0.51) and SCC15 cells (3.16±0.75) was higher than those of human normal oral keratinocytes (hNOK) (1.26±0.30) (P=0.000). The expression of circHIPK3 was found to be closely associated with TNM stage (P<0.05) and tumor grades (P<0.05). Knockdown of circHIPK3 can inhibit proliferation of CAL27 and SCC15 cells (P<0.05). The expression of miR-124 in OSCC tissues (0.61±0.35) was significantly lower than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues (1.13+0.39) (t=-5.36, P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the expression of circHIPK3 in OSCC was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-124 (r=-0.767, P<0.001). Moreover, down-regulation of miR-124 rescued the phenotype induced by knockdown of circHIPK3. Conclusions The expression of circHIPK3 in OSCC was increased, and silencing of circHIPK3 expression can inhibit the proliferation of OSCC cells. Our results suggest that circHIPK3 may play a key role in the occurrence and development process of OSCC through the regulation of miR-124 expression.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) colon cancer associated transcript 2(CCAT2) and its association with clinicopathologic features in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).

METHODSThe expression of lncRNA was detected with microarray assay in three samples of OSCC tumor and matched adjacent tissues. The profiles of lncRNAs in OSCC tissues were identified. The CCAT2 expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) in 86 OSCC tumor samples and matched adjacent tissues. The relationship between the expression of CCAT2 and its clinicopathologic features of OSCC was analyzed. Tumor cell proliferation was assessed following siRNA knockdown of CCAT2 by using the CCK-8 kits.

RESULTSA total of 1 685 lncRNA expressed in OSCC tumor samples and matched adjacent tissues were identified using microarray assay(P<0.05). RT-qPCR showed that the expression of CCAT2 was significantly higher in OSCC than that in adjacent tissues(P< 0.01). High CCAT2 expression was associated with cell differentiation and pathological stage of OSCC. CCAT2 expression in low-differentiated OSCC was significantly higher than that in high-differentiated cancer (P=0.015). In addition, CCAT2 level in stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ OSCC was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ cancer (P=0.022). Furthermore, inhibition of CCAT2 expression suppressed the proliferation of human tongue carcinoma Tca8113 cells.

CONCLUSIONSAbnormal expression of lncRNA may be involved in the development of OSCC. Up-regulation of CCAT2 expression in tumor tissue might act as an oncogene and promote the development of OSCC.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Mouth ; metabolism ; Mouth Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; analysis ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression levels of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the peripheral blood of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to discuss their biological and clinical significance.

METHODSPD-1/PD-L1 expression on the surface of T-lymphocytes and the counts of T-lymphocyte subpopulations of peripheral blood in 82 patients with OSCC (OSCC group) and 25 healthy controls (control group) were examined via flow cytometry. The expression levels of soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in the serum were observed through enzyme-link immunology method. The data were tested and analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software.

RESULTSThe percentage of CD8+ T cells in the OSCC group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), whereas the percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The positive rates of PD-1 and PD-L1 in CD3+ and CD4+ T cells in OSCC peripheral blood were remarkably higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). Difference was not observed between the expression levels of sPD-1 in the serum of OSCC group and those in the control group (P>0.05), but the average of sPD-L1 was remarkably higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). sPD-L1 expression was related to clinical stage, tumor cell differentiation, and lymph node status (P<0.05) but not related to sex, age, tumor location, and tumor size.

CONCLUSIONT-lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of patients with OSCC developed immunosuppression with different degrees. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression levels on the surface of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells significantly increased. Abnormal increase in sPD-L1 expression may be associated with OSCC development.

B7-H1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets

A case of a patient with a unilateral maxillary defect and restricted mouth opening was presented. The two-stage hollow maxillofacial prosthesis can be used to restore the above defect, thus promoting mastication, speaking, swallowing, and sucking, as well as improving the patient's appearance. Satisfactory results were achieved.
Humans ; Mastication ; Maxilla ; Maxillofacial Prosthesis ; Mouth ; Prostheses and Implants

A case of a patient with a unilateral maxillary defect and restricted mouth opening was presented. The two-stage hollow maxillofacial prosthesis can be used to restore the above defect, thus promoting mastication, speaking, swallowing, and sucking, as well as improving the patient’s appearance. Satisfactory results were achieved.