Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that causes acute respiratory infections, especially in infants and young children. There are currently no RSV-specific antiviral drugs, and there are no approved vaccines for infants and young children. With the widespread use of RSV passive immunizations in infants and young children in 2022 and the effective reduction of the burden of RSV infection-related diseases, passive immune-prophylaxis of RSV infection has attracted more and more attention. This paper summarizes the implementation experience and real-world application effect of passive immune-prophylaxis for RSV infection at home and abroad, to provide reference for the immune-prophylaxis practice of passive immune-prophylaxis for RSV infection in infants and young children in China.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that causes acute respiratory infections, especially in infants and young children. There are currently no RSV-specific antiviral drugs, and there are no approved vaccines for infants and young children. With the widespread use of RSV passive immunizations in infants and young children in 2022 and the effective reduction of the burden of RSV infection-related diseases, passive immune-prophylaxis of RSV infection has attracted more and more attention. This paper summarizes the implementation experience and real-world application effect of passive immune-prophylaxis for RSV infection at home and abroad, to provide reference for the immune-prophylaxis practice of passive immune-prophylaxis for RSV infection in infants and young children in China.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

In recent years,the role of temporomandibular joint(TMJ)motion in overall health of the orofacial system has increasingly captured the attention in the fields of oral medicine and rehabilitation medicine.The quantitative analysis of TMJ kinematics is crucial for understanding and treating orofacial functional disorders.This review summarizes the advancements in electronic axiography,optical motion capture,and dual-fluoroscopy technologies in clinical and research applications over the past decade.Electronic axiography and optical motion capture technologies,known for their high precision and real-time feedback,have been widely utilized in analyzing TMJ motion characteristics,evaluating treatment outcomes,and optimizing therapeutic techniques.dual fluoroscopic imaging system tracking technique demonstrates high accuracy and repeatability in analyzing complex joint motions.Although these technologies still face challenges regarding operational complexity,data stability,and safety,ongoing developments in motion analysis techniques and in-depth studies of orofacial system functions are expected to significantly enhance the precision and personalization of diagnostics and treatments for orofacial system diseases in the future.

In recent years,the role of temporomandibular joint(TMJ)motion in overall health of the orofacial system has increasingly captured the attention in the fields of oral medicine and rehabilitation medicine.The quantitative analysis of TMJ kinematics is crucial for understanding and treating orofacial functional disorders.This review summarizes the advancements in electronic axiography,optical motion capture,and dual-fluoroscopy technologies in clinical and research applications over the past decade.Electronic axiography and optical motion capture technologies,known for their high precision and real-time feedback,have been widely utilized in analyzing TMJ motion characteristics,evaluating treatment outcomes,and optimizing therapeutic techniques.dual fluoroscopic imaging system tracking technique demonstrates high accuracy and repeatability in analyzing complex joint motions.Although these technologies still face challenges regarding operational complexity,data stability,and safety,ongoing developments in motion analysis techniques and in-depth studies of orofacial system functions are expected to significantly enhance the precision and personalization of diagnostics and treatments for orofacial system diseases in the future.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC）infection can induce watery diarrhea，leading to dehydration，electrolyte disturbance，and even death in severe cases. Recombinant B subunit/inactivated whole-cell cholera（rBS/WC）vaccine is effective in preventing ETEC infectious diarrhea. On the basis of the latest evidence on etiology and epidemiology of ETEC，as well as the effectiveness，safety，and health economics of rBS/WC vaccine，National Clinical Research Center for Child Health（The Children’s Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine）and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention invited experts to develop expert consensus on rBS/WC vaccine in prevention of ETEC infectious diarrhea. It aims to provide the clinicians and vaccination professionals with guidelines on using rBS/WC vaccine to reduce the incidence of ETEC infectious diarrhea.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of an ultrasound-guided robot-assisted system for percutaneous facet joint puncture in an animal experiment by registration of ultrasound images and two-dimensional X-ray fluorescence images.Methods:Six specimens of fresh adult sheep lumbar spine were prepared and soaked in gelatin solution. The specimens contained a total of 48 facet joints with 24 ones respectively on the left and right sides. Half of the joints were assigned by the random number table method into a robot-assisted group which were subjected to percutaneous facet joint puncture assisted by the ultrasound-guided robot-assisted system while the contralateral ones into a freehand group which were subjected to percutaneous facet joint puncture by freehand. In the robot-assisted group, the left facet joints were 3 L 1, 3 L 2, 3 L 3 and 3 L 4 ones while the right facet joints were 2 L 1, 3 L 2, 5 L 3 and 2 L 4 ones. In this self-control animal experiment, both the robot-assisted punctures and the freehand punctures were carried out in the same specimen. The puncture success rate, puncture needle adjustment, positioning deviation, orientation deviation and operation time were recorded. Results:The positioning deviation and orientation deviation in the robot-assisted group [(2.21 ± 1.12) mm and 1.51° ± 0.47°] were significantly lower than those in the freehand group [(3.26 ± 1.44) mm and 2.24° ± 0.89°] ( P < 0.05). All the articular facet joint punctures were successfully accomplished for the first time in the robot-assisted group while those required multiple adjustments in the freehand group. In the robot-assisted group, the total operation time [(463.84 ± 34.93) s] was significantly longer than that in the freehand group [(298.40 ± 27.48) s], but the puncture time [(37.97 ± 6.87) s] was significantly shorter than that in the freehand group [(261.61 ± 33.15) s] ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The ultrasound-guided robot-assisted system for percutaneous facet joint puncture can lead to accurate puncture with limited needle adjustments.

A total of 245 cases of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province reported in the China information system for disease control and prevention as of February 24, 2020 were selected as the research objects, the cases are divided into imported cases (116 cases, 47.3%) and local cases (129 cases, 52.7%), their basic characteristics, time distribution, transmission mode, intergenerational interval and latent period transmission are analyzed. The age of local cases [(51.74±15.67) years old], female patients (69 cases, 53.5%), housework and retired staff (40 cases, 31.0%), and patients isolated at the time of onset (50 cases, 38.8%) were higher than imported cases, respectively[(40.66±15.41) years old, (45 cases, 38.8%), (21 cases, 18.1%), (17 cases, 14.6%)] ( P values were < 0.05); The infection rate was 0.8% (31/3 666) in close contacts with local cases, which was lower than imported cases 2.0% (69/3 435) ( P<0.001); The main source of infection in local cases was relatives (70 cases, 54.3%), and the main way of infection was living together and party (90 cases, 69.8%); the proportion of latent period transmission in our province was 15.5% (20 cases), and the interval between the second-generation case and the source of infection was about 4 days, and the interval between generations was about 6 days. In summary, the main way of infection of local cases in Shaanxi Province was living together and party, there were a certain proportion of latent period transmission cases at present, it's suggested that the investigation of close contacts should be started 4 days or earlier before the onset of the case.

A total of 245 cases of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province reported in the China information system for disease control and prevention as of February 24, 2020 were selected as the research objects, the cases are divided into imported cases (116 cases, 47.3%) and local cases (129 cases, 52.7%), their basic characteristics, time distribution, transmission mode, intergenerational interval and latent period transmission are analyzed. The age of local cases [(51.74±15.67) years old], female patients (69 cases, 53.5%), housework and retired staff (40 cases, 31.0%), and patients isolated at the time of onset (50 cases, 38.8%) were higher than imported cases, respectively[(40.66±15.41) years old, (45 cases, 38.8%), (21 cases, 18.1%), (17 cases, 14.6%)] ( P values were < 0.05); The infection rate was 0.8% (31/3 666) in close contacts with local cases, which was lower than imported cases 2.0% (69/3 435) ( P<0.001); The main source of infection in local cases was relatives (70 cases, 54.3%), and the main way of infection was living together and party (90 cases, 69.8%); the proportion of latent period transmission in our province was 15.5% (20 cases), and the interval between the second-generation case and the source of infection was about 4 days, and the interval between generations was about 6 days. In summary, the main way of infection of local cases in Shaanxi Province was living together and party, there were a certain proportion of latent period transmission cases at present, it's suggested that the investigation of close contacts should be started 4 days or earlier before the onset of the case.