With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that causes acute respiratory infections, especially in infants and young children. There are currently no RSV-specific antiviral drugs, and there are no approved vaccines for infants and young children. With the widespread use of RSV passive immunizations in infants and young children in 2022 and the effective reduction of the burden of RSV infection-related diseases, passive immune-prophylaxis of RSV infection has attracted more and more attention. This paper summarizes the implementation experience and real-world application effect of passive immune-prophylaxis for RSV infection at home and abroad, to provide reference for the immune-prophylaxis practice of passive immune-prophylaxis for RSV infection in infants and young children in China.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that causes acute respiratory infections, especially in infants and young children. There are currently no RSV-specific antiviral drugs, and there are no approved vaccines for infants and young children. With the widespread use of RSV passive immunizations in infants and young children in 2022 and the effective reduction of the burden of RSV infection-related diseases, passive immune-prophylaxis of RSV infection has attracted more and more attention. This paper summarizes the implementation experience and real-world application effect of passive immune-prophylaxis for RSV infection at home and abroad, to provide reference for the immune-prophylaxis practice of passive immune-prophylaxis for RSV infection in infants and young children in China.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

In recent years,the role of temporomandibular joint(TMJ)motion in overall health of the orofacial system has increasingly captured the attention in the fields of oral medicine and rehabilitation medicine.The quantitative analysis of TMJ kinematics is crucial for understanding and treating orofacial functional disorders.This review summarizes the advancements in electronic axiography,optical motion capture,and dual-fluoroscopy technologies in clinical and research applications over the past decade.Electronic axiography and optical motion capture technologies,known for their high precision and real-time feedback,have been widely utilized in analyzing TMJ motion characteristics,evaluating treatment outcomes,and optimizing therapeutic techniques.dual fluoroscopic imaging system tracking technique demonstrates high accuracy and repeatability in analyzing complex joint motions.Although these technologies still face challenges regarding operational complexity,data stability,and safety,ongoing developments in motion analysis techniques and in-depth studies of orofacial system functions are expected to significantly enhance the precision and personalization of diagnostics and treatments for orofacial system diseases in the future.

In recent years,the role of temporomandibular joint(TMJ)motion in overall health of the orofacial system has increasingly captured the attention in the fields of oral medicine and rehabilitation medicine.The quantitative analysis of TMJ kinematics is crucial for understanding and treating orofacial functional disorders.This review summarizes the advancements in electronic axiography,optical motion capture,and dual-fluoroscopy technologies in clinical and research applications over the past decade.Electronic axiography and optical motion capture technologies,known for their high precision and real-time feedback,have been widely utilized in analyzing TMJ motion characteristics,evaluating treatment outcomes,and optimizing therapeutic techniques.dual fluoroscopic imaging system tracking technique demonstrates high accuracy and repeatability in analyzing complex joint motions.Although these technologies still face challenges regarding operational complexity,data stability,and safety,ongoing developments in motion analysis techniques and in-depth studies of orofacial system functions are expected to significantly enhance the precision and personalization of diagnostics and treatments for orofacial system diseases in the future.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC）infection can induce watery diarrhea，leading to dehydration，electrolyte disturbance，and even death in severe cases. Recombinant B subunit/inactivated whole-cell cholera（rBS/WC）vaccine is effective in preventing ETEC infectious diarrhea. On the basis of the latest evidence on etiology and epidemiology of ETEC，as well as the effectiveness，safety，and health economics of rBS/WC vaccine，National Clinical Research Center for Child Health（The Children’s Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine）and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention invited experts to develop expert consensus on rBS/WC vaccine in prevention of ETEC infectious diarrhea. It aims to provide the clinicians and vaccination professionals with guidelines on using rBS/WC vaccine to reduce the incidence of ETEC infectious diarrhea.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of an ultrasound-guided robot-assisted system for percutaneous facet joint puncture in an animal experiment by registration of ultrasound images and two-dimensional X-ray fluorescence images.Methods:Six specimens of fresh adult sheep lumbar spine were prepared and soaked in gelatin solution. The specimens contained a total of 48 facet joints with 24 ones respectively on the left and right sides. Half of the joints were assigned by the random number table method into a robot-assisted group which were subjected to percutaneous facet joint puncture assisted by the ultrasound-guided robot-assisted system while the contralateral ones into a freehand group which were subjected to percutaneous facet joint puncture by freehand. In the robot-assisted group, the left facet joints were 3 L 1, 3 L 2, 3 L 3 and 3 L 4 ones while the right facet joints were 2 L 1, 3 L 2, 5 L 3 and 2 L 4 ones. In this self-control animal experiment, both the robot-assisted punctures and the freehand punctures were carried out in the same specimen. The puncture success rate, puncture needle adjustment, positioning deviation, orientation deviation and operation time were recorded. Results:The positioning deviation and orientation deviation in the robot-assisted group [(2.21 ± 1.12) mm and 1.51° ± 0.47°] were significantly lower than those in the freehand group [(3.26 ± 1.44) mm and 2.24° ± 0.89°] ( P < 0.05). All the articular facet joint punctures were successfully accomplished for the first time in the robot-assisted group while those required multiple adjustments in the freehand group. In the robot-assisted group, the total operation time [(463.84 ± 34.93) s] was significantly longer than that in the freehand group [(298.40 ± 27.48) s], but the puncture time [(37.97 ± 6.87) s] was significantly shorter than that in the freehand group [(261.61 ± 33.15) s] ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The ultrasound-guided robot-assisted system for percutaneous facet joint puncture can lead to accurate puncture with limited needle adjustments.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency is a common clinical injury that seriously affects the function of the knee. Although ACL reconstruction (ACLR) can rebuild the structure of the ACL, it does not restore the normal kinematics and dynamics of the knee. In recent years, motion analysis has been widely applied in sports science and rehabilitation. In clinics, motion analysis is mainly applied to the evaluation of clinical outcomes of the ACLR knee. It is also a scientific objective tool to assess the potential risk factors of secondary injury and early onset of osteoarthritis after ACLR. In-depth understanding of the knee functional kinematics and kinetics after ACLR will significantly improve the efficacy of current ACL deficiency treatment and rehabilitation regime. This paper reviewed studies of the knee joint motion analysis after ACLR in the past decade. The current knowledge of the ACLR knee motion from studies using optical motion capture and biplanar fluoroscopic imaging system based tracking technique was synthesized. Clinical studies have reported that regardless of the type of graft and surgical technique of the ACLR, the postoperative knee still exhibits abnormal kinematics in functional tasks, but the relationship between early-onset OA and the biomechanical changes in the ACLR knee remains unknown. Restoring the rotational stability of the knee is still one of the biggest challenges in clinical ACLR surgery. Future studies should explore the impact of ACLR on the biomechanical mechanisms of the knee joint through an appropriate research design and long-term follow-up, and help clinicians and physiotherapists to develop more effective interventions.

Objective:To analyze the biomechanical characteristics of bilateral lumbo-iliac fixation by finite element analysis after digital optimization of a safe screw pathway.Methods:Firstly, a healthy adult male volunteer was recruited for this study who underwent CT scanning of the lumbus and pelvis, with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm.The original data were imported into Mimics 16.0 software for 3D lumbar and pelvic reconstruction.At the same time, a geometric screw pathway and a free screw pathway were generated in the pedicles of L4 and L5 and ilium.Secondly, all 3D models were imported into Ansys 12 software to assemble a finite element model.The displacements and von Misses stress distribution were measured in the conditions of forward bending, backward extending, lateral bending to the left and right, and left and right rotations in the models of 2 kinds of pathway after gravity axial load of 500 N was applied.Results:The models of 2 different pathways were similar in comprehensive displacement and stress in the conditions of forward bending, lateral bending and backward extending, and in the maximum stress of the screw in the conditions of forward bending and lateral bending.However, the comprehensive displacement and stress in the condition of rotation and the stress of the screw in the conditions of backward extending and rotating in the model of geometric screw pathway were obviously smaller than those in the model of free screw pathway.The maximum pelvic stress was on the screw surface between 190 and 260 MPa, concentrated on the bending area of the 2 screws connecting the sacrum and vertebral body.The lumbar-iliac fixation model showed high com-pressive stiffness.The maximum von Misses stress appeared in the L4-L5 pedicle screw on the longitudinal rod.Under rotational loading, the upper longitudinal rod connecting the L4-L5 pedicle screw and the iliac bone screw bore the maximum stress.Conclusions:Our finite element analysis shows that double verte-bral bodies and long screw fixation are effective ways of iliolumbar fixation.The geometric screw path optimized by digital analysis exhibits better fatigue resistance, rotation resistance and overall stability.Internal lum-bo-iliac fixation can effectively share the stress of vertebral bodies.