BACKGROUND:Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass,strength,and/or physical function.Currently,effective treatments for sarcopenia remain limited.A new therapeutic approach to improve symptoms and prognosis of sarcopenia patients clinically was important.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on a dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia in mice.METHODS:Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured from canine adipose tissue,and identified and functionally evaluated through flow cytometry and differentiation assays for osteogenesis,adipogenesis,and chondrogenesis.Subsequently,exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were extracted and characterized using transmission electron microscopy,western blot assay,and nanocoulter tracking analysis.In vitro,the effects of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on myotube growth and the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes were investigated using dexamethasone-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy and aging C2C12 models.In vivo,a dexamethasone-induced mouse sarcopenia model was established and received intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Therapeutic efficacy was assessed through mouse rotarod performance,histopathological analysis,and muscle atrophy-related genes testing.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The isolated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells highly expressed CD73,CD90,and CD105,and lowly expressed MHC-Ⅱ,CD14,CD19,CD34,and CD45,and successfully differentiated into osteoblasts,adipocytes,and chondrocytes in vitro.(2)The adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes met the identification criteria in terms of particle size,electron microscopy morphology,and positive expression of specific markers.(3)Compared to the dexamethasone-induced C2C12 atrophy group,treatment with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes promoted the recovery and growth of myotubes,inhibited the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes MuRF1 and Atrogin-1.(4)Compared to the aging C2C12 group,adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes significantly enhanced the recovery and growth of aged muscle tubes in aging cells.(5)Compared to the control group,the rotarod time in dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia model mice was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).After 7 days(P＜0.01,P＜0.01)and 10 days(P＜0.01,P＜0.05)of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells treatment via intraperitoneal and intravenous injection,rotarod time was significantly increased,respectively.After 14 days,all treatment groups showed longer rotarod times than the model group,although with no significant differences between them.(6)Compared to the control group,the cross-sectional area of anterior tibial muscle in the model group was significantly reduced(P＜0.01),and it was significantly increased after intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).(7)Compared to the model group,intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 genes(P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01).The results indicated that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes promoted recovery and growth of atrophic myotube cells by inhibiting the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes,and both intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells provided good therapeutic effects on sarcopenia in mice.

BACKGROUND:Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass,strength,and/or physical function.Currently,effective treatments for sarcopenia remain limited.A new therapeutic approach to improve symptoms and prognosis of sarcopenia patients clinically was important.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on a dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia in mice.METHODS:Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured from canine adipose tissue,and identified and functionally evaluated through flow cytometry and differentiation assays for osteogenesis,adipogenesis,and chondrogenesis.Subsequently,exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were extracted and characterized using transmission electron microscopy,western blot assay,and nanocoulter tracking analysis.In vitro,the effects of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on myotube growth and the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes were investigated using dexamethasone-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy and aging C2C12 models.In vivo,a dexamethasone-induced mouse sarcopenia model was established and received intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Therapeutic efficacy was assessed through mouse rotarod performance,histopathological analysis,and muscle atrophy-related genes testing.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The isolated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells highly expressed CD73,CD90,and CD105,and lowly expressed MHC-Ⅱ,CD14,CD19,CD34,and CD45,and successfully differentiated into osteoblasts,adipocytes,and chondrocytes in vitro.(2)The adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes met the identification criteria in terms of particle size,electron microscopy morphology,and positive expression of specific markers.(3)Compared to the dexamethasone-induced C2C12 atrophy group,treatment with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes promoted the recovery and growth of myotubes,inhibited the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes MuRF1 and Atrogin-1.(4)Compared to the aging C2C12 group,adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes significantly enhanced the recovery and growth of aged muscle tubes in aging cells.(5)Compared to the control group,the rotarod time in dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia model mice was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).After 7 days(P＜0.01,P＜0.01)and 10 days(P＜0.01,P＜0.05)of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells treatment via intraperitoneal and intravenous injection,rotarod time was significantly increased,respectively.After 14 days,all treatment groups showed longer rotarod times than the model group,although with no significant differences between them.(6)Compared to the control group,the cross-sectional area of anterior tibial muscle in the model group was significantly reduced(P＜0.01),and it was significantly increased after intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).(7)Compared to the model group,intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 genes(P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01).The results indicated that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes promoted recovery and growth of atrophic myotube cells by inhibiting the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes,and both intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells provided good therapeutic effects on sarcopenia in mice.

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution patterns of the potential suitable habitats for Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus,including Cremastra appendiculata(D.Don)Makino,Pleione bulbocodioides(Franch.)Rolfe and Pleione yunnanensis Rolfe under current climatic conditions,and the factors influencing the spatial differentiation of their habitats.Methods Based on the maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model,a species distribution model was established using the screened species distribution data and environmental variable data.The factor detection and interaction detection of geographical detector were applied to quantify the factors influencing the spatial differentiation of the suitable areas.By overlaying the suitable areas with land cover types,the distribution characteristics of forest land and arable land in the potential suitable areas were quantified.Results Under the current climatic scenario,environmental variables such as solar radiation intensity,precipitation and temperature were closely related to the spatial distribution of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus.The potential suitable areas for Cremastra appendiculata(D.Don)Makino,Pleione bulbocodioides(Franch.)Rolfe and Pleione yunnanensis Rolfe were 2.20×106 km2,2.75×106 km2 and 7.22×105 km2,respectively.Considering land cover types,the actual possible suitable areas for Cremastra appendiculata(D.Don)Makino,Pleione bulbocodioides(Franch.)Rolfe and Pleione yunnanensis Rolfe were 1.86×106 km2,2.20×106 km2 and 5.77×105 km2,respectively.Among these,the area of forest land was 1.17×106 km2,1.34×106 km2 and 3.67×105 km2,respectively,and the area of arable land was 6.95×105 km2,8.64×105 km2 and 2.10×105 km2,respectively.Conclusion This study can provide a basis for the protection and sustainable utilization of wild resources of the original plant materials of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus.

Objective To investigate the spatial distribution pattern of the suitable habitats for Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.and the factors influencing the spatial differentiation of its habitat under current climatic conditions in China.Methods Based on maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model,a species distribution model was established with filtered species occurrence data and environmental variable data.The geographical detector was applied to quantify the factors influencing the spatial differentiation of the suitable areas,employing both factor detection and interaction detection functionalities.Additionally,an overlay analysis with land cover types was conducted to quantify the distribution characteristics of arable land and forest land within the potential suitable areas for Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf..Results Based on the contribution rate of environmental factors and the Jackknife method,average solar radiation intensity in December,precipitation in July,and highest temperature in December were identified as key environmental factors affecting the suitability of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.habitats,which were further validated by the geographical detector.The total suitable area for Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.in China under current climatic conditions was approximately 4.46×106 km2,with the areas of high,moderate,and low suitability being 1.08×106 km2,1.70×106 km2,and 1.68×106 km2,respectively.After overlaying with arable and forest lands,the potentially suitable total forest area for Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.was 1.55×106 km2,and the arable land area was 1.63×106 km2.Conclusion This study provides reference for the optimization of cultivation areas for Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.and the conservation of its wild resources.

Objective The identification of TCM constitution plays an important role in"treating and preventing diseases"of TCM.At present,the identification of damp-heat constitution and balanced constitution is mostly determined by questionnaire,and subjective factors have a great influence.Aiming at the identification of damp-heat constitution and balanced constitution in TCM,this paper utilizes voice signal to automatically realize the constitution identification task,in order to provide assistance for the clinical identification of TCM constitution.Methods Based on deep learning Transformer and transfer learning,a pure attentional mechanism model was designed for the identification of constitution in TCM sound diagnosis.We collected 700 voices from 34 subjects,pre-processed the voice data to obtain the corresponding Mayer spectrum diagram,and used the Transformer model pre-trained based on the public data set to improve the performance of the model for audio classification.Results The accuracy of the experimental results was 83.33%,the AUC was 92.16%,the sensitivity was 80.25%,and the specificity was 87.03%.Compared with the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),the performance of the deep learning model was better.Conclusion In this paper,the damp-heat constitution and balanced constitution identification model Transformer has achieved better identification effect,indicating that it can improve the efficiency of TCM acoustic diagnosis of constitution identification,and promote the objective and intelligent development of constitution identification.

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution pattern of potential suitable habitats and the influencing factors of habitat spatial differentiation of Gastrodiae Rhizoma under current climate conditions.Methods Based on 137 distribution records of Gastrodiae Rhizoma sourced from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and 104 environmental variables acquired from the WorldClim dataset,a predictive model for the potential suitable habitat of Gastrodiae Rhizoma was developed using the MaxEnt model.The geodetector was applied to quantitatively analyze the environmental factors influencing the spatial heterogeneity of the suitable habitats.Subsequently,an overlay analysis with land cover types was conducted to obtain the distribution characteristics of forest land and cultivated land in the potential suitable habitats.Results Under current climate conditions,key environmental factors affecting the distribution of Gastrodiae Rhizoma included precipitation in July,average temperature in the coldest quarter,precipitation in the warmest quarter,water vapor pressure in September,altitude,and solar radiation in December.The potential geographical distribution range of Gastrodiae Rhizoma was 1.64×106 km2.Considering land cover types,the actual potential suitable area for Gastrodiae Rhizoma was 1.33×106 km2,of which the forest land area was 8.56×105 km2 and the cultivated land area was 4.74×105 km2.The highly suitable forest areas were mainly located within the provinces of Guizhou,Sichuan,Shaanxi,Hubei,Hunan and Gansu.The cultivated land suitable areas are mainly located within the provinces of Guizhou,Sichuan,Yunnan,Shaanxi and Hubei.Conclusion The highly suitable habitats of Gastrodiae Rhizoma are mainly located in provinces such as Guizhou,Sichuan,Shaanxi and Hubei,and are affected by factors such as solar radiation,water vapor pressure,temperature and precipitation.The research results can provide reference for the protection of wild Gastrodiae Rhizoma resources,artificial nurturing and optimal selection of ecological planting areas.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of transoral endoscopic-assisted submandibular gland resection with low-temperature plasma knife technology, aiming to establish a scarless surgical approach to meet the patients aesthetic demands. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 5 consecutive patients with benign submandibular gland pathologies treated by a single surgical team between January 2021 and December 2023. All procedures employed a transoral mucosal incision in the floor of mouth, with 0-degree high-definition endoscope assistance and low-temperature plasma knife for precise dissection and hemostasis. Close postoperative follow-up was performed. A systematic literature review compared surgical approaches regarding critical anatomical landmarks, complication profiles, and scar formation. The clinical efficacy of this technique was summarized and analyzed. Results:Successful transoral endoscopic plasma knife resections were performed for benign submandibular conditions（including neoplasms, chronic sialadenitis, and sialolithiasis）. All operations were completed without conversion to open approach. No permanent lingual nerve or marginal mandibular nerve injuries occurred. Transient lingual hypoesthesia recovered within 2 weeks. During 6-12 months follow-up, there was no recurrence and absence of visible cervical scarring, with 100% patient satisfaction regarding cosmesis. Conclusion:Transoral endoscopic plasma knife resection of the submandibular gland demonstrates procedural safety and technical feasibility. This approach offers significant advantages in minimally invasive access, superior aesthetic outcomes, and accelerated recovery, representing a viable novel alternative for benign submandibular gland disease management.
Humans ; Submandibular Gland/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Endoscopy/methods* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Adult

The paper introduces the experience of Professor LI Rui in treatment of diseases with bloodletting therapy. Regarding acupoint selection, the main acupoints are selected from the meridians containing excessive blood based on the identification of pathogenesis, and the back-shu points of the foot-taiyang bladder meridian are predominant. The acupoints (e.g. Geshu [BL17], Xuehai [SP10] and Weizhong [BL40]) acting on blood regulations are frequently selected, and the acupoints from the governor vessel (e.g. Dazhui [GV14], Zhiyang [GV9] and Yaoyangguan [GV3]) are specially used for regulating yang qi. Besides, the five-shu points and local points are combined in the prescriptions. This paper expounds the connotation of bloodletting therapy, explores the basis of acupoint selection and clinical application characteristics, and analyzes the clinical cases, so as to provide the approaches to acupoint selection for the clinical application of bloodletting therapy.
Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Bloodletting ; Meridians

The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a high-molecular-weight protein complex in the cytoplasm, is composed of three core components: the sensor protein NLRP3, the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) and the effector protein caspase-1. It plays a critical role in regulating host immune and inflammatory responses. Studies have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome has increasingly become a focal point in tumor molecular biology field. A growing body of evidence indicates that the increased expression and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is closely associated with the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and the tumor microenvironment (TME). It may promote tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, and other biological behaviors through various regulatory mechanisms while influencing tumor immune evasion and therapy resistance, which holds promise as a prognostic biomarker for patients. This review explores the current effect and mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its signaling pathways in head and neck cancer, providing insights into clinical targeted drug development and molecular immunotherapy.
Humans ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics* ; Inflammasomes/metabolism* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology* ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/metabolism* ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Signal Transduction ; Animals

Objective To investigate the effects of three types of twin-block(TB)appliances on the stress and displacement of anterior teeth,periodontal ligaments,and alveolar bone.Methods A three-dimensional(3D)finite element model was constructed,including maxillofacial bones,articular discs,teeth,and periodontal ligaments.Three types of twin-block appliances were designed:classic twin-block(classic-TB),twin-block with acrylic capping(capping-TB),and clear twin-block aligner(CTBA).All appliances had an inclination angle of 70°,and a masticatory force of 200 N was applied to their inclined planes.The finite element method was used to analyze the stress distribution and displacement differences of anterior teeth.Results All three types of TB appliances induced lingual tilting of maxillary anterior teeth and labial tilting of mandibular anterior teeth.The CTBA group showed the greatest lingual displacement and stress of maxillary anterior teeth,with a maximum stress of 30.6 MPa,while the mandibular anterior teeth in this group exhibited the smallest labial displacement(approximately 0.02 mm)and stress.Additionally,the CTBA group had the lowest compressive stress in mandibular anterior teeth,periodontal ligaments,and alveolar bone,whereas the classic-TB group had the highest.Conclusions In the treatment of Angle Class Ⅱ malocclusion,classic-TB(with or without acrylic capping)causes labial inclination of mandibular anterior teeth.Compared with classic-TB,CTBA effectively reduces the compressive stress and displacement of mandibular anterior teeth,potentially minimizing adverse periodontal risks.However,attention should be paid to the lingual displacement of maxillary anterior teeth.