This study explored the mechanism of Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction(XSLJZD) in the treatment of functional dyspepsia(FD) based on inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1)/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1(ASK1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) pathway-mediated autophagy in interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC). Forty-eight SPF-grade male SD suckling rats were randomly divided into a blank group and a modeling group, and the integrated modeling method(iodoacetamide gavage + disturbance of hunger and satiety + swimming exhaustion) was used to replicate the FD rat model. After the model replications were successfully completed, the rats were divided into a model group, high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose groups of XSLJZD(12, 6, and 3 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and a positive drug group(mosapride of 1.35 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and the intervention lasted for 14 days. The gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate of rats in each group were measured. The histopathological changes in the gastric sinus tissue of rats in each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The ultrastructure of ICC was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The immunofluorescence double staining technique was used to detect the protein expression of phospho-IRE1(p-IRE1), TNF receptor associated factors 2(TRAF2), phospho-ASK1(p-ASK1), phospho-JNK(p-JNK), p62, and Beclin1 in ICC of gastric sinus tissue of rats in each group. Western blot was used to detect the related protein expression of gastric sinus tissue of rats in each group. Compared with those in the blank group, the rats in the model group showed decreased body weight, gastric emptying rate, and intestinal propulsion rate, and transmission electron microscopy revealed damage to the endoplasmic reticulum structure and increased autophagosomes in ICC. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the ICC of gastric sinus tissue showed a significant elevation of p-IRE1, TRAF2, p-ASK1, p-JNK, and Beclin1 proteins and a significant reduction of p62 protein. Western blot revealed that the expression levels of relevant proteins in gastric sinus tissue were consistent with those of proteins in ICC. Compared with the model group, the body weight of rats in the high-dose and medium-dose groups of XSLJZD was increased, and the gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate were increased. Transmission electron microscopy observed amelioration of structural damage to the endoplasmic reticulum of ICC and reduction of autophagosomes, and the p-IRE1, TRAF2, p-ASK1, p-JNK, and Beclin1 proteins in the ICC of gastric sinus tissue were significantly decreased. The p62 protein was significantly increased. Western blot revealed that the expression levels of relevant proteins in gastric sinus tissue were consistent with those of proteins in ICC. XSLJZD can effectively treat FD, and its specific mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the expression of molecules related to the endoplasmic reticulum stress IRE1/ASK1/JNK pathway in ICC and the improvement of autophagy to promote gastric motility in ICC.
Animals ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal/metabolism* ; Dyspepsia/physiopathology* ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics* ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5/genetics* ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects* ; Humans ; Endoribonucleases/genetics* ; Multienzyme Complexes

Objective: To examine the feasibility and surgical approach of removing type D trigeminal schwannoma through nasal cavity and nasal sinus under endoscope. Methods: Eleven patients with trigeminal schwannoma who were treated in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from December 2014 to August 2021 were analyzed retrospectively in this study. There were 7 males and 4 females, aged (47.5±13.5) years (range: 12 to 64 years). The neoplasm involved the pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa, ethmoidal sinus, sphenoid sinus, cavernous sinus, and middle cranial fossa. The size of tumors were between 1.6 cm×2.0 cm×2.0 cm and 5.7 cm×6.0 cm×6.0 cm. Under general anesthesia, the tumors were resected through the transpterygoid approach in 4 cases, through the prelacrimal recess approach in 4 cases, through the extended prelacrimal recess approach in 2 cases, and through the endoscopic medial maxillectomy approach in 1 case. The nasal endoscopy and imaging examination were conducted to detect whether neoplasm recurred or not, and the main clinical symptoms during follow-up. Results: All the surgical procedures were performed under endonasal endoscope, including Gross total resection in 10 patients. The tumor of a 12-year-old patient was not resected completely due to huge tumor size and limited operation space. One patient was accompanied by two other schwannomas located in the occipital region and the ipsilateral parotid gland region originating from the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve, both of which were removed concurrently. After tumor resection, the dura mater of middle cranial fossa was directly exposed in the nasal sinus in 2 cases, including 1 case accompanied by cerebrospinal fluid leakage which was reconstructed by a free mucosal flap obtained from the middle turbinate, the other case was packed by the autologous fat to protect the dura mater. The operation time was (M(IQR)) 180 (160) minutes (range: 120 to 485 minutes). No complications and deaths were observed. No recurrence was observed in the 10 patients with total tumor resection during a 58 (68) months' (range: 10 to 90 months) follow-up. No obvious change was observed in the facial appearance of all patients during the follow-up. Conclusion: Type D trigeminal schwannoma involving pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa can be removed safely through purely endoscopic endonasal approach by selecting the appropriate approach according to the size and involvement of the tumor.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; Endoscopy/methods* ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Neurilemmoma/surgery* ; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/surgery*

To investigate the effects of butyl alcohol extract of Baitouweng Decoction(BAEB) on neutrophil chemotaxis in vaginal mucosa of mice with vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC). Seventy-two SPF female Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, fluconazole group, BAEB low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group. Subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate was conducted to induce pseudo-estrus, and then 2×10~6 CFU·mL~(-1)of Candida albicans was inoculated into vaginal lumen, followed by drug treatment for 7 days. Gram staining was used to observe the morphological changes of C. albicans in vagina; vaginal fungal load was detected on agar plate. Histological changes of vaginal tissues in mice were observed by HE staining. Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) levels in mouse lavage fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Neutrophils in vaginal lavage fluid was observed and counted by using Pap smear. The levels of IL-8 and MIP-2 in vaginal mucosa were detected by ELISA. IL-8 and MIP-2 mRNA levels in vaginal mucosa of mice were detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed that as compared with the normal group, VVC model group had a large number of hyphae and a high level of fungal loadinvagina. The vaginal mucosa was completely destroyed, the number of neutrophils increased, and the protein and mRNA levels of IL-8 and MIP-2 were up-regulated. After BAEB treatment, the hyphae of the treatment group was decreased, the fungal load was decreased, the impaired mucosa showed different degrees of improvement, the inflammatory factors were decreased to varying degrees, and the protein and mRNA levels of chemokine IL-8 and MIP-2 were down-regulated. In conclusion, BAEB may be used to treat VVC by inhibiting vulvovaginal candidiasis via blocking neutrophils recruitment into vagina.
1-Butanol ; Animals ; Candida albicans ; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/drug therapy* ; Chemotaxis/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Female ; Mice ; Mucous Membrane/drug effects* ; Neutrophils/drug effects* ; Vagina/diagnostic imaging*

Objective:To analyze the correlation between the changes of lung function and serum proinflammatory cytokines in workers occupationally exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and to explore the evaluation index of respiratory toxicity of TDI.Methods:In October 2014, 61 male workers engaged in TDI synthesis process, purification process, packaging process and the above production process in a TDI factory in western China were selected as TDI exposure group; 62 male enterprise managers who were not exposed to TDI and other known allergenic chemicals were selected as control group, which were matched at the age of workers in exposure group. The questionnaire survey obtained information such as gender, length of service, age, occupational history, exposed length of service and so on. The lung function indexes [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC] and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, macrophage inflammatory factor-1 β, monocyte chemoattractant factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured. The urine was collected after the weekend shift, and the concentration of (TDA), the metabolite of TDI, was determined as the index of internal exposure. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between cytokines and lung function indexes, and multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the changes of lung function indexes and cytokines with TDI exposure concentration and time.Results:The median age ( P5- P95) of the exposed group and the control group was 36.5 (24.0-51.0) and 38.0 (24.0-50.0) years, respectively. In the exposed group, the median length of service ( P5- P95) was 6.94 (0.97-26.33) years, and the median concentration of TDA in urine was 15.56 (2.28-112.16) ng/ml. The three indexes of lung function, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and the levels of serum IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). With the increase of exposure concentration and exposure time, the level of serum TNF-α, FVC and FEV1 decreased, and showed a good dose-effect and time-effect relationship (all Ptrend values< 0.05). Serum IL-8 and TNF-α were positively correlated with FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC (all P values<0.01). Conclusion:The levels of serum inflammatory factors IL-8 and TNF-α in worker exposed to TDI are related to lung function indexes, which can be used as early evaluation indexes of respiratory toxicity induced by TDI.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between the changes of lung function and serum proinflammatory cytokines in workers occupationally exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and to explore the evaluation index of respiratory toxicity of TDI.Methods:In October 2014, 61 male workers engaged in TDI synthesis process, purification process, packaging process and the above production process in a TDI factory in western China were selected as TDI exposure group; 62 male enterprise managers who were not exposed to TDI and other known allergenic chemicals were selected as control group, which were matched at the age of workers in exposure group. The questionnaire survey obtained information such as gender, length of service, age, occupational history, exposed length of service and so on. The lung function indexes [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC] and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, macrophage inflammatory factor-1 β, monocyte chemoattractant factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured. The urine was collected after the weekend shift, and the concentration of (TDA), the metabolite of TDI, was determined as the index of internal exposure. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between cytokines and lung function indexes, and multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the changes of lung function indexes and cytokines with TDI exposure concentration and time.Results:The median age ( P5- P95) of the exposed group and the control group was 36.5 (24.0-51.0) and 38.0 (24.0-50.0) years, respectively. In the exposed group, the median length of service ( P5- P95) was 6.94 (0.97-26.33) years, and the median concentration of TDA in urine was 15.56 (2.28-112.16) ng/ml. The three indexes of lung function, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and the levels of serum IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). With the increase of exposure concentration and exposure time, the level of serum TNF-α, FVC and FEV1 decreased, and showed a good dose-effect and time-effect relationship (all Ptrend values< 0.05). Serum IL-8 and TNF-α were positively correlated with FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC (all P values<0.01). Conclusion:The levels of serum inflammatory factors IL-8 and TNF-α in worker exposed to TDI are related to lung function indexes, which can be used as early evaluation indexes of respiratory toxicity induced by TDI.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and safety of the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the perioperative application of ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ALC). Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on 168 patients (ALC group) undergoing ALC in the daytime ward from Aug 2017 to Aug 2018 in our hospital vs conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy CLC in the general ward in 165 patients (CLC group) . Clinical data, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, conversion to laparotomy, postoperative complication, readmission, pain score after 6h, patient satisfaction, first postoperative anal exhaust, average length of hospital stay, and hospitalization expenses were compared between the two groups. Results: In the ALC group, the pain score, the first anal exhaust time, the average length of hospital stay, and the hospitalization cost were significantly lower than those in the CLC group. Compared with the CLC group, the satisfaction of patients in the ALC group was significantly improved. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications (biliary leakage, postoperative bleeding, bile duct injury, infection of the incision) and readmission rate. Conclusion Use of enhanced recovery after surgery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in day surgery is safe and feasible. It has many advantages such as reducing hospitalization costs and postoperative pain and accelerating postoperative recovery.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the inhibitory effect of extract of Coptidis Rhizoma(ECR) on invasion of Candida albicans hyphae in vitro.XTT reduction method was used to evaluate the metabolic activity of C.albicans.The colony edge growth of C.albicans was observed by solid medium.The growth of C.albicans hyphae was determined on semi-solid medium.The morphology and viability changes of C.albicans hyphae were assessed by scanning electron microscope and fluorescence microscope.qRT-PCR method was used to detect the ALS3 and SSA1 expression of C.albicans invasin genes.The results showed that the metabolic viability by XTT method detected that the activity of C.albicans was gradually decreased under the intervention of 64,128 and 256 mg·L-1 of ECR respectively.128,256 mg·L-1 of ECR significantly inhibited colony folds and wrinkles on solid medium and the hyphal invasion in semi-solid medium.Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy showed that 128,256 mg·L-1 of ECR could inhibit the formation of C.albicans hyphae.qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of invasin gene ALS3 and SSA1 was down-regulated,and especially 256 mg·L-1 of ECR could down-regulate the two genes expression by 4.8,1.68 times respectively.This study showed that ECR can affect the invasiveness of C.albicans by inhibiting the growth of hyphae and the expression of invasin.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; genetics ; Candida albicans ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; Hyphae ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Dunhuang medicine is a branch of Dunhuang studies, including the characteristics of Dunhuang ancient medical prescriptions and treatment technique.Dunhuang Dabupi Decoction has good efficacy in nourishing vitality and yin and promoting the production of body fluid. Professor WANG Dao-kun used the prescription to treat gastric stuffiness, gaining significant curative effect. This article summaried cases of using this prescription, to show the advantages of Dunhuang ancient medical prescription Dabupi Decoction for present use.

Spleen diarrhea is one of the common diarrhea diseases. Because it has long course, lingering and difficult to cure, and easy to occur, it is difficult to treat. Professor WANG Dao-kun believes that spleen-stomach yang deficiency, disorder of qi movement, and dampness and internal stagnation are the common etiology and pathogenesis of spleen diarrhea. The treatment should be warming middle Jiao and tonifying spleen, regulating qi, and promoting diarrhea. Professor WANG has prepared modified Wenzhong Zhixie Decoction for the treatment of spleen diuresis. This article expounded Professor WANG's experience in treating spleen diarrhea with Wenzhong Zhixie Decoction.

To investigate the mechanism of n-butanol extract of Pulsatilla decoction (BAEB) against murine ulcerative colitis (UC) model induced by DSS combined with Candida albicans (CA) colonization, mice were randomly divided into normal control group, DSS group, DSS+CA group, BAEB high, medium and low dose group, and positive drug Mesalazine group. The general condition of mice was observed, fungal loads of murine intestinal contents were detected by plate method, colonic pathological change of mice was examined by HE staining. ASCA in serum and IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, HBD-2, HBD-3 in colonic mucosa were detected by ELISA. The results showed that, compared with DSS group, the general condition and ASCA in serum had no obvious change for DSS+CA group, but the fungal loads in intestinal contents, the colonic pathological damage, and the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, HBD-2, HBD-3 in colonic mucosa were greater than that of DSS group. High dose of BAEB group and Mesalazine group could improve the colonic pathology, decrease IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, HBD-2, HBD-3 expression level. In conclusion, BAEB could effectively improve the UC symptoms in mice induced by DSS combined with CA colonization, and inhibit the inflammatory factors such as IL-6, imply that BAEB is of important value for the treatment of intestinal fungal-related colitis.