Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in maintaining tissue morphology and functions, and their precise regulatory effectiveness is closely related to expression patterns. However, the spatial expression patterns of lncRNAs in humans are poorly characterized. Here, we constructed five comprehensive transcriptomic atlases of human lncRNAs covering thousands of major tissue samples in normal and disease states. The lncRNA transcriptomes exhibited high consistency within the same tissues across resources, and even higher complexity in specialized tissues. Tissue-elevated (TE) lncRNAs were identified in each resource and robust TE lncRNAs were refined by integrative analysis. We detected 1 to 4684 robust TE lncRNAs across tissues; the highest number was in testis tissue, followed by brain tissue. Functional analyses of TE lncRNAs indicated important roles in corresponding tissue-related pathways. Moreover, we found that the expression features of robust TE lncRNAs made them be effective biomarkers to distinguish tissues; TE lncRNAs also tended to be associated with cancer, and exhibited differential expression or were correlated with patient survival. In summary, spatial classification of lncRNAs is the starting point for elucidating the function of lncRNAs in both maintenance of tissue morphology and progress of tissue-constricted diseases.
Humans ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Neoplasms/genetics* ; Organ Specificity ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Transcriptome

Objective To observed the clinical effect of long-term sacral nerve stimulation on anal rectal pain after lumbar surgery.Methods A total of 18 cases with functional anorectal pain (FARP) after lumbar surgery in our hospital from April 2015 to March 2018were selected, of whom 3 cases refuse to accept the treatment, the other 15 cases received sacral nerve electrical stimulation.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and simplified MPQ pain questionnaire were used to evaluate the clinical effect in preoperative and postoperative1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 1 year respectively.Results Fifteen cases of permanent sacral nerve stimulation before and after , The MPQ scale and PSQI of 15 patients with implantation of permanent sacral nerve stimulation in postoperative 1 week were better than those before implantation , the differences were significant( P＜ 0. 05) . In the MPQ scale , the PPI and PRI at 6 months after operation was better than those before implantation , the difference was statistically significant ( P ＜ O. 01 ) ; PSQI and V AS score after 2 months were better than those before implantation , the difference were statistically significant( P ＜ 0.01) , meanwhile in 1-year of follow-up , the PSQI and VAS score continued to decline , but the change was not obvious. Conclusion Long-term sacral nerve electrical stimulation in the treatment of lumbar anorectal pain has a good clinical effect , which can improve patients ' quality of life.

Biomarkers ; urine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; pathology ; urine ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; urine ; Kidney Diseases ; pathology ; urine ; Lipocalin-2 ; urine ; Membrane Proteins ; urine ; Sialoglycoproteins ; urine ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; urine

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients are susceptible to Helicobacter pylori (HP), and it has been reported that the occurrence of proteinuria is associated with HP infection in T2DM patients; however, this view remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between HP infection and the occurrence of proteinuria in T2DM patients. In addition, we hope to provide some recommendations to readers in clinical or related fields. Methods: Our meta-analysis was conducted with the methodology of the Cochrane Collaboration. Search strategies were formulated by relevant professionals. Case-control studies that compared the occurrence of proteinuria in T2DM patients with and without HP infection were involved in our meta-analysis. Relevant English or Chinese studies were searched on online databases before 2018, including PubMed, the Cochrane library, Medline, Google Scholar, the China National Infrastructure, and Wanfang database. The search strategies were "diabetic proteinuria, diabetic microalbuminuria, diabetic albuminuria, diabetic kidney disease, diabetic renal dysfunction, diabetic renal disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic complications, and diabetic mellitus, combined with HP." The quality of these involved articles was separately assessed by two investigators using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled using fixed-effects models. Results: Seven studies involving 1029 participants were included. The quality of these seven articles was all above five stars as assessed by NOS, and there was no significant publication bias in our meta-analysis. We found that T2DM patients with HP infection had a 2.00 times higher risk of the occurrence of proteinuria than patients without HP infection (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.48-2.69). Conclusions Our analysis showed that HP infection was associated with the occurrence of proteinuria in T2DM patients. HP radical surgery might be a therapeutic option for protecting kidney function in patients with T2DM.
Confidence Intervals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Helicobacter Infections ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Humans ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Proteinuria ; metabolism ; microbiology

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on hypothalamic insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomized to a normal group (15 rats) and an observation group (45 rats). In the observation group, a rat model of T2DM was made by high-energy diet induction. After the model was successfully made 8 weeks later, the observation group was randomized to model making, treatment and blocker groups, 15 rats each. The treatment group received electroacupuncture and the blocker group, electroacupuncture plus intraventricular perfusion of phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxyl kinase (PI3K) blocker. After 8 weeks of treatment, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured using a glucometer, fasting insulin (Fins) was determined by ELISA, insulin resistance index (IRI) was calculated and IRS-1 expression was examined by SABC immunohistochemistry assay in every group of rats. Results FPG and Fins increased significantly (both P<0.01) and IRI and IRS-1 expression decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the model making group compared with the normal group. FPG and Fins decreased significantly (both P<0.01) and IRI and IRS-1 expression increased significantly (P<0.01) in the treatment group compared with the model making group. FPG and Fins decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01) and IRI and IRS-1 expression increased significantly (P<0.01) in the treatment group compared with the blocker group. Conclusion Electroacupuncture can improve FPG, Fins and insulin sensitivity by regulating hypothalamic IRS-1 expression in T2DM rats.

BACKGROUNDPatients on hemodialysis have a high-mortality risk. This study analyzed factors associated with death in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). While some studies used baseline data of MHD patients, this study used the most recent data obtained from patients just prior to either a primary endpoint or the end of the study period to find the characteristics of patients preceding death.

METHODSParticipants were selected from 16 blood purification centers in China from January 2012 to December 2014. Patients' data were collected retrospectively. Based on survival status, the participants were divided into two groups: survival group and the death group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with all-cause mortality.

RESULTSIn total, 4104 patients (57.58% male, median age 59 years) were included. Compared with the survival group, the death group had more men and more patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and hypertensive nephropathy. The patients preceding death also had lower levels of diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, serum albumin, serum calcium, serum phosphate, Kt/V, and higher age. Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex (odd ratio [OR]: 1.437, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.094-1.886), age (OR: 1.046, 95% CI: 1.036-1.057), and presence of DN (OR: 1.837, 95% CI: 1.322-2.552) were the risk factors associated with mortality. High serum calcium (OR: 0.585, 95% CI: 0.346-0.989), hemoglobin (OR: 0.974, 95% CI: 0.967-0.981), albumin (OR: 0.939, 95% CI: 0.915-0.963) levels, and dialysis with noncuffed catheter (OR: 0.165, 95% CI: 0.070-0.386) were protective factors based on a multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONSHemodialysis patients preceding death had lower hemoglobin, albumin, and serum calcium levels. Multivariate analysis showed that male sex, age, DN, low hemoglobin, low albumin, and low serum calcium were associated with death in hemodialysis patients.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Renal Dialysis ; adverse effects ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

A headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method（HS-SPME-GC-MS） was adopted for the quantitative study of 4-allylanisole, methyl eugenol, 2,3,5-trimethoxytoluene, 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene, sarisan, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene and safrole in mice brain, liver tissues and blood after intragastric administration of Asari Radix et Rhizoma. A VF-WAXms (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm film thickness) capillary column and SPME fiber coated with 65 μm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) were used. The calibration curves of seven volatile constituents were established to validate the method's stability (RSD<15%), repeatability (RSD<9.5%), accuracy (RSD<22%), relative recovery (87.0%-108%) and extraction recovery (74.9%-102%). The validated HS-SPME-GC-MS assay was applied to determine the concentrations of seven constituents in liver, brain and blood. The detected contents were 0.22,0.14 μg•g⁻¹,0.25 mg•L⁻¹ (4-allylanisole), 1.1, 0.39 μg•g⁻¹, 0.69 mg•L⁻¹ (methyl eugenol), 0.45, 0.13 μg•g⁻¹, 0.54 mg•L⁻¹ (2,3,5-trimethoxytoluene), 0.51, 0.15 μg•g⁻¹, 0.45 mg•L⁻¹ (3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene), 0.48, 0.039 μg•g⁻¹, 0.69 mg•L ⁻¹ (sarisan), 2.2, 1.2 μg•g⁻¹, 1.5 mg•L⁻¹ (3,5-dimethoxytoluene) and 1.3, 0.67 μg•g⁻¹, 1.1 mg•L⁻¹ (safrole) respectively. This HS-SPME-GC-MS method is rapid and convenient, with a small sample size, and applicable for the analysis and determination of volatile constituents in traditional Chinese medicines, which provides scientific data for further studies on effective substances and toxic substances in Asari Radix et Rhizoma.

OBJECTIVEConditioned taste preference (CTP) is a taste learning reflex by which an animal learns to prefer a substance which tastes not well and has been studied with much interest in recent years. However, the neural substrates of CTP are less known. This study aimed to determine the possible neural path- ways of CTP and whether serum leptin level and the leptin receptor (OB-Rb) in the hind brain are involved following CTP formation.

METHODSWe established CTP of quinine in rats with a 2-bottle preference test. The serum leptin concentrations were detected, the expression of c-fos in the rat brain was tested to determine the nuclei in relation with establishment of CTR Finally, the OB-Rb mRNA expression was examined by RT-qPCR assay in parabrachial nucleus (PBN) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) of the hind brain.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the level of serum leptin was higher in the CTP group (4.58 ± 0.52 vs 1.67 ± 0.25 µg/L, P < 0.01); increased c-fos positive cells were found in the anterior hypothalamus (AH, 221.75 ± 4.96 vs. 178.50 ± 6.63 cells/mm², P < 0.05), the basal lateral amygdala (BLA, 70.75 ± 6.17 vs 56.50 ± 3.62 cells/ mm², P < 0.05) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST, 41.25 ± 1.32 vs 32.50 ± 1.02 cells/mm², P < 0.05). But in ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH, 20.75 ± 2.73 vs 38.5 ± 1.54 per 1 mm², P < 005), PBN (21.50 ± 2.24 vs 36.25 ± 1.49 cells/mm², P < 0.05) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA, 22.25 ± 1.53 vs 35.50 ± 2.11 cells/mm², P < 0.05), the number of c-fos positive cells was decreased in the CTP group. In addition, we found OB-Rb mRNA expression in PBN of CTP group rats was higher than that of control group (0.95 ± 0.055 vs 0.57 ± 0.034, P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference of OB-Rb mRNA expression in NST between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONNuclei AH, BLA, NST, VMH, PBN and CeA participate in the formation of CTP. Leptin and its receptor in PBN may be involved in the formation and maintenance of CTP.

Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Leptin ; blood ; Rats ; Receptors, Leptin ; physiology ; Rhombencephalon ; physiology ; Taste ; physiology

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce tissue damage and oxidative stress in animal models of stomach damage. In the present study, the protective effects of wheat peptides were evaluated in a NSAID-induced stomach damage model in rats. Different doses of wheat peptides or distilled water were administered daily by gavage for 30 days before the rat stomach damage model was established by administration of NSAIDs (aspirin and indomethacin) into the digestive tract twice. The treatment of wheat peptides decreased the NSAID-induced gastric epithelial cell degeneration and oxidative stress and NO levels in the rats. Wheat peptides significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and decreased iNOS activity in stomach. The mRNA expression level of μ-opioid receptor was significantly decreased in wheat peptides-treated rats than that in in the control rats. The results suggest that NSAID drugs induced stomach damage in rats, wchih can be prevented by wheat peptides. The mechanisms for the protective effects were most likely through reducing NSAID-induced oxidative stress.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; adverse effects ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Aspirin ; adverse effects ; Gastric Mucosa ; drug effects ; Gene Expression ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; drug effects ; Indomethacin ; adverse effects ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; chemical synthesis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plant Proteins ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid, mu ; drug effects ; Stomach ; drug effects ; Superoxide Dismutase ; drug effects ; Triticum ; chemistry

This study examined associations between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and serum folate concentrations with the risk of esophageal precancerous lesions (EPL) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The highest quartile of serum folate concentration significantly decreased the risk of ESCC compared with the lowest quartile (OR=0.11; 95% Cl, 0.04-0.33; P<0.05). MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphism was associated with the risk of ESCC by using chi-square tests (P<0.05). For the CT genotype, the risk of ESCC significantly increased in study participants with low serm folate concentrations (≤26.92 μg/L) compared with participants with high serum folate concentrations (>26.92 μg/L) by using multinomial logistic regression models. The MTHFR genotype may further modify associations between serum folate concentrations and the risk of ESCC, but it was not significantly associated with the risk of EPL.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; blood ; genetics ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; blood ; genetics ; Folic Acid ; blood ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic