With the acceleration of the global aging process and the widespread use of electronic devices,eye health problems have gradually become a focus of public concern.Presbyopia is a physiological phenomenon and an inevitable vis-ual problem that is prevalent among middle-aged and elderly individuals.It is noteworthy that the traditional term"presbyo-pia"has now been renamed as"close-range eye strain".This change more accurately reflects the visual fatigue caused by the decline in the eye's accommodative function and illustrates the widespread nature of the phenomenon and its trend to-wards younger populations.The timely identification of close-range eye strain,along with the adoption of effective treat-ment measures,is of great significance for slowing the progression of the condition,protecting the near vision of middle-aged and elderly individuals,and improving their quality of life.To promote the application and popularization of the new term"close-range eye strain"and to update its knowledge structure and cognitive system,this article interprets the key as-pects of the current understanding of close-range eve strain.

Trace elements are a general term for chemical elements that exist in the body in extremely low concentra-tions.They participate in various metabolic activities in the human body and play an important role in maintaining the nor-mal physiological and biochemical functions of eyes.The deficiency or increase of trace elements can cause disorders in the physiological and biochemical functions of eyes,leading to various eye diseases.The currently known trace elements are diverse,including zinc,selenium,cuprum,chromium,iodine,cobalt,molybdenum,ferrum,etc.In recent years,there has been increasing evidence supporting the role of different trace elements in the treatment of eye diseases.Therefore,the International Associations of Ophthalmology and the Ophthalmic Imaging and Intelligent Medicine Branch of Chinese Medi-cine Education Association and the Ophthalmology Comumittee of International Association of Intelligent Medicine have or-ganized experts to summarize the current application status of trace elements in eye diseases,aiming to provide practical guidelines for clinical doctors to identify,evaluate,and treat eye diseases related to trace element deficiency.

Objective:This study was aimed to explore the preference and heterogeneity in community health management service model selection among older patients with multiple chronic diseases,and to provide scientific evidence for optimizing the model.Methods:A multi-stage stratified and convenience sampling approach was adopted.A discrete choice experiment was conducted with 360 elderly patients with multiple chronic diseases from six regions in Jiangsu Province.The Mixed Logit Model was used to analyze service selection preferences and willingness to pay,while the Latent Class Logit Model was applied to explore heterogeneity among patient groups.Results:Patients showed a stronger preference for a service model featuring"twice-monthly visits,medication guidance+lifestyle counseling,and face-to-face consultations,"with willingness to pay values of 170.18 CNY,162.90 CNY,and 112.70 CNY,respectively.Willingness to pay decreased as out-of-pocket costs increased.Heterogeneity analysis identified three distinct preference groups,with statistically significant differences in urban-rural distribution,income levels,and health insurance types.Conclusions and suggestions:Medication and lifestyle guidance are the most valued components of community health management services among older patients with multiple chronic diseases.Patients'demographic and socioeconomic characteristics have a structural influence on their service preferences,highlighting the need to tailor service provision to different population groups.It is recommended to enhance medication guidance capacity at the primary care level,especially in rural areas;promote physical medicine integration to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of lifestyle guidance provided by primary healthcare personnel;strengthen digital infrastructure and streamline service processes to moderately increase the frequency of face-to-face consultations;and improve the integration of medical insurance and public health funding mechanisms to enhance service accessibility and equity.

Objective To investigate the effects of ischemia time and storage periods on RNA quality in fresh-frozen breast cancer(BC)and esophageal cancer(EC)tissue samples in order to establish evidence-based protocols for biobank sample management.Methods The tumor(T)and paired normal(N)tissue samples from 6 cases of BC and 6 cases of EC were collected and cryopreserved in Biobank,Shantou Central Hospital.Mirror paraffin-embedded tissues were simultaneously prepared into sections for morphological analysis.The samples were divided into two groups of<15 min and 15-30 min according to ischemia time,and RNA quality was analyzed at 4 storage periods of 8-10 months(T1),14-16 months(T2),26-28 months(T3)and 38-40 months(T4).Results In 96 analyzed samples,93.8%(90/96)exhibited high quality(RIN≥6),with 89.6%(43/48)in BC and 97.9%(47/48)in EC.Significant differences in RIN were observed between BC group and EC group(8.050 vs.8.600,P=0.009).In EC group,RIN value was significantly negatively correlated with RNA yield(P<0.001).Moreover,RIN values of tumor-normal pairs exhibited markedly significant differences(7.550 vs.9.000,P<0.001).In contrast,no significant difference was detected in BC group(8.200 vs.7.700,P=0.348).Statistical analysis showed that RIN value was positively correlated with 28S/18S(P<0.001),but had no correlation with tumor content(P=0.676)and necrotic content(P=0.055).Neither ischemia time(<15 min vs.15-30 min:8.200 vs.8.300,P=0.932)nor storage periods(T1-T4:8.400,7.700,8.450,8.600,P=0.163)compromised RNA quality.Conclusion Organ origin and tissue type could influence RNA quality of fresh-frozen tissue samples.However,limited ischemia time(≤30 min)and long-term storage period(38-40 months)do not adversely affect RNA quality in fresh-frozen breast cancer and esophageal cancer tissue samples.

Aim To investigate the intestinal protection and possible mechanism of magnolol(MG)in newborn rats with necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).Methods The rats were randomly divided into control group(Ctrl group),model group(NEC group)and treatment group(MG group).The NEC model was induced by hypoxia,cold stimulation,deep formula milk and LPS intragastric administration in 7-day-old rats for four days.They were killed after five days of treatment with MG(20 mg·kg-1).HE staining was used to observe the intestinal pathological injury.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of IL-1 β,TNF-α,NL-RP3,ASC,caspase-1 and tight junction protein in the distal ileum of rats.Colon contents were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing to understand the gut microbio-ta.Results MG improved the body mass and intesti-nal injury of NEC neonatal rats.The expressions of in-testinal IL-1β,TNF-α,NLRP3,ASC and caspase-1 proteins were down-regulated,and the expressions of Claudin,Occludin and ZO-1 proteins were up-regula-ted.16S rDNA showed that MG increased the diversity of intestinal flora,and at the phylum level,MG in-creased the abundance of firmicutes and bacteroides in NEC model,and decreased the abundance of pro-teobacteria.At the genus level,MG treatment in-creased the abundance of Lactobacillus,unclassified_Muribaculaceae,Racteroides,but decreased the abun-dance of Escherichia_Shigella,Rodentibacter and Fuso-bacterium.Conclusion MG intervention can protect the intestinal tract of NEC rats by potentially improving barrier function,and regulating the intestinal microbiota through the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the possible association between cross-domain associative memory(AM)impairment and hippocampal subfield volumes in patients with schizophrenia(SCZ).Methods We enrolled 28 SCZ patients from Shanghai Mental Health Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,and 28 healthy controls(HCs)between 2019 and 2021.Based on an innovative AM paradigm and automated segmentation,3D-T1 weighted data of the objects were processed with PhiPipe and FreeSurfer.Differences in subfield volums between the two groups were analyzed using ANCOVA,while their relationship with AM scores was assessed using Pearson correlation.Results SCZ patients exhibited significantly poorer AM performance across three conditions compared with HCs.Marginally significant reductions were observed in the total volume of bilateral hippocampus,encompassing both the hippocampal head and body.Significant volume reductions were identified in the bilateral presubiculum and parasubiculum.The volumes of bilateral presubiculum head(r=0.273,P=0.042),parasubiculum(r=0.397,P=0.002),and CA1 head(r=0.382,P=0.004)exhibited positive correlations with cross-domain AM performance.Conclusion The bilateral presubiculum and parasubiculum,as hippocampal subregions significantly associated with cross-modal AM deficits in SCZ,may play a crucial role in the pathology of AM.

Dry eye is a common ocular condition characterized by symptoms such as eye dryness,irritation,and blurred vision.The main treatment of dry eye has been for a long time to supplement tear components,including the use of artificial tears,punctal occlusion,and meibomian gland expression.However,these methods have proven ineffective for some patients,making the exploration of new treatment mechanisms particularly important.In recent years,neurostimula-tion therapy has emerged as a novel treatment approach and received widespread attention in the field of dry eye treatment.In this article,the current applications of neurostimulation in the treatment of dry eye and its potential future applications were thoroughly investigated,aiming to provide a reference for further research on neurostimulation therapy in the treat-ment of dry eye.

An imbalance between oxidative and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the body triggers oxidative stress,which causes a series of damages to the body,tissues and cells.The eye is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress due to its prolonged exposure to light and its anatomical characteristics of high metabolism and oxygen consumption.In addi-tion,inflammation,aging,genetic and environmental factors can promote the production of reactive oxygen species and weaken antioxidant defense mechanisms,which are all risk factors for oxidative stress that can lead to a variety of ocular diseases.The aim of this paper is to review the mechanisms of oxidative stress in ocular diseases such as ocular surface diseases,glaucoma,cataract,and retinopathy.At the same time,the potential therapeutic approaches to these diseases by regulating oxidative stress are discussed,so as to provide new ideas and directions for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases.

Ophthalmic surgery is characterized by limited operational space and high precision requirements,and tradi-tional surgical methods find it difficult to satisfy increasingly growing surgical needs.With the rapid advancement of medical technology,microsurgical robots have gained widespread attention and application in the field of ophthalmology due to their high precision,flexibility,and repeatability.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress in ophthalmic microsurgical robots,covering the current development,technological advancements,current application status,and challenges faced in the field.It also offers a forward-looking discussion on future trends in development.

An imbalance between oxidative and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the body triggers oxidative stress,which causes a series of damages to the body,tissues and cells.The eye is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress due to its prolonged exposure to light and its anatomical characteristics of high metabolism and oxygen consumption.In addi-tion,inflammation,aging,genetic and environmental factors can promote the production of reactive oxygen species and weaken antioxidant defense mechanisms,which are all risk factors for oxidative stress that can lead to a variety of ocular diseases.The aim of this paper is to review the mechanisms of oxidative stress in ocular diseases such as ocular surface diseases,glaucoma,cataract,and retinopathy.At the same time,the potential therapeutic approaches to these diseases by regulating oxidative stress are discussed,so as to provide new ideas and directions for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases.