Objective: To explore intraoral scanning strategies for elastic impressions during the fabrication process of duplicate complete dentures and to investigate the accuracy of 3D scanning strategies on the surface of complete dentures. The goal is to utilize digital technology to improve the traditional fabrication methods of duplicate complete dentures. Methods: Eight sets of replicated denture model for edentulous patients were selected. Conventional complete dentures were created based on these models. The condition of the patient’s alveolar bone atrophy was simulated on these models, and elastic impressions were built using complete dentures as individual trays with polyether silicone rubber materials. TRIOS 3 intraoral scanners were used to scan the elastic impressions according to four scanning strategies (A: tissue surface - artificial teeth - polished surface of denture; B: artificial teeth - polished surface of denture - tissue surface; C: tissue surface - artificial teeth - polished surface of denture in powder spraying state; D: artificial teeth - polished surface - tissue surface in powder spraying state). The 3D data obtained by the desktop scanner were used as the reference. The maximum deviation, average deviation, and standard deviation of the 3D data models obtained by different scanning strategies were compared using the Geomagic Control X software. For the complete denture, the maximum deviation was 0.3 mm. The obtained results were analyzed by PASW Statistics 18 software. Results: The maximum deviation value of the maxillary scans in the 3D data compared with the desktop scanning data was (0.188 ± 0.109) mm, and that of the mandibular scans was (0.200 ± 0.099) mm. There was no statistically significant difference between them (t = 0.139, P = 0.624). However, the maximum deviation values of both the maxillary and mandibular scans were lower than the required maximum error (0.3 mm) for complete dentures in clinical practice, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The average deviations of the maxillary and mandibular models were (0.024 ± 0.212) mm and (0.014 ± 0.014) mm, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (t = 4.228, P = 0.021). The standard deviations of the maxillary and mandibular models were (0.074 ± 0.032) mm and (0.074 ± 0.034) mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between them (t = 0.813, P = 0.371). There were no statistically significant differences in the average deviations and standard deviations of each scanning strategy between the maxillary and mandibular impressions within and between groups. Comparing the deviation between the tissue surface and the polished surface of the 3D data of the upper and lower jaws on the oral scanner and the desktop scanner shows that the areas with larger deviations in the maxillary impressions were mainly concentrated in the maxillary tuberosity and palatal vault regions, and those in the mandibular impressions were mainly concentrated in the molar posterior pad region. Conclusion The digital impressions formed by intraoral scanning the maxillary and mandibular elastic impressions can meet the requirements for clinical fabrication of complete dentures. However, in clinical practice, special attention should be paid to checking and adjusting the fit of the maxillary tuberosity and palatal vault and the mandibular molar posterior pad areas of the complete dentures.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Mingshi prescription regulates the retinal melanopsin-dopamine （Opn4-DA） axis in myopic mice to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress in the retina and sclera， thereby delaying axial elongation associated with myopia. MethodsSixty 4-week-old male SPF-grade C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal group， a form-deprived myopia group （FDM group）， an intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells ablation group （ipRGCs group）， a Mingshi Prescription group （MSF group， 5.2 g·kg^-1）， and an ipRGCs + MSF group （5.2 g·kg^-1）. Except for the normal group， all other groups underwent FDM modeling. Additionally， the ipRGCs and ipRGCs + MSF groups received retinal ipRGC ablation. Three weeks after modeling， the MSF and ipRGCs + MSF groups were administered Mingshi prescription via continuous gavage for six weeks. After refraction and axial length were measured in all mice， eyeballs were collected along with retinal and scleral tissues. Pathological and morphological changes in the retina， choroid， and sclera were observed using periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining. Western blot was employed to detect the relative protein expression levels of dopamine D1 receptor （DRD1）， C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP）， and glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78） in the retina， and CHOP and GRP78 in the sclera. Real-time PCR was used to detect the relative mRNA expression of Opn4， CHOP， and GRP78 in the retina， and CHOP and GRP78 in the sclera. Immunofluorescence staining （IF） was performed to detect the expression of Opn4 and DRD1 in retinal tissues. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the FDM group showed a significant myopic shift in refraction （P<0.05） and a significant increase in axial length （P<0.05）. The retinal layers were thinner， the number of ganglion cells was reduced， and collagen fibers in the sclera were loosely arranged with evident gaps. Opn4 and DRD1 protein and mRNA expression in the retina were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while CHOP and GRP78 protein and mRNA expression in both retinal and scleral tissues were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the FDM group， the ipRGCs group exhibited further increases in myopic refraction and axial length （P<0.05）， more pronounced thinning and looseness in the retinal， choroidal， and scleral layers， lower expression of Opn4 and DRD1 protein and mRNA in the retina （P<0.05）， and higher expression of CHOP and GRP78 protein and mRNA in the retina and sclera （P<0.05）. Compared with the FDM group， the MSF group showed significantly reduced refractive error and axial length （P<0.05）， with improved cellular number， arrangement， and thickness in ocular tissues， increased Opn4 and DRD1 protein and mRNA expression in the retina （P<0.05）， and reduced CHOP and GRP78 protein and mRNA expression in both retina and sclera （P<0.05）. Similarly， the ipRGCs + MSF group showed significant improvements in terms of the above items compared with the ipRGCs group （P<0.05）. ConclusionMingshi Prescription delays myopic axial elongation and refractive progression by regulating the Opn4-DA axis in the retina of myopic mice， thereby inhibiting ER stress in the retina and sclera. This intervention promotes Qi and blood nourishment of the eyes， softens the fascia， and restores ocular rhythm.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive breast cancer subtype with poor prognosis and limited targeted treatment options. This investigation examined the anti-cancer potential of Caerulomycin A (Cae A), a natural compound derived from marine actinomycetes, against TNBC. Cae A demonstrated selective inhibition of viability and proliferation in TNBC cell lines, including 4T1, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468, through apoptosis induction. Mechanistic analyses revealed that the compound induced sustained endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent upregulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression, resulting in mitochondrial damage-mediated apoptosis. Inhibition of ER stress or CHOP expression knockdown reversed mitochondrial damage and apoptosis, highlighting the essential role of ER stress and CHOP in Cae A's anti-tumor mechanism. Both oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) decreased in TNBC cells following Cae A treatment, indicating reduced mitochondrial respiratory and glycolytic capacities. This diminished energy metabolism potentially triggers ER stress and subsequent apoptosis. Furthermore, Cae A exhibited significant anti-tumor effects in the 4T1 tumor model in vivo without apparent toxicity. The compound also effectively inhibited human TNBC organoid growth. These results indicate that Cae A may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for TNBC, with its efficacy likely mediated through the disruption of glucose metabolism and the induction of ER stress-associated apoptosis.
Humans ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects* ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Animals ; Glucose/metabolism* ; Mice ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Transcription Factor CHOP/genetics* ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology* ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Objective To investigate the trend of dynamic changes and the mechanisms of P2X7R by which berberine(BBR)alleviates chronic retinal light injury in mice.Methods A total of 90 mice were randomly divided into three groups,a blank control group(n=10),a group exposed to low-intensity blue light(500 lux)for 12 hours per day for a duration of 3 months,which was referred to as the LD group(n=40),and another group given BBR at a dose of 200 mg/kg via gastric gavage on top of the blue light exposure for the LD group,which was referred to as the LD+BBR group(n=40).After the light exposure and gavage were completed,eye tissues were collected from the mice.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was performed to observe the protective effects of berberine on chronic retinal light damage in mice.TUNEL assay was performed to assess the effect of berberine on apoptotic cells in mice with chronic retinal light injury.Additionally,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(QPCR)was performed to assess the expression level of P2X7 receptors in chronic retinal light injury relieved by BBR.Results Compared with the blank control group,the LD group exhibited abnormal retinal morphology,with some ganglion cells displaying reduced nuclei,a deeper stain,and loose arrangement.In the LD group,the cells in the inner nuclear layer appeared to be slightly more loosely arranged,while the cells in the outer nuclear layer cells were arranged in a disorderly way.Furthermore,the thickness of the outer nuclear layer of the retina from mice in the LD group was(47.11±2.01)μm,and a significant number of apoptotic cells were observed in the outer nuclear layer,resulting in an apoptosis rate of(71.16±5.99)％(P＜0.05).In contrast,the LD+BBR group showed mild abnormal retinal morphology with loosely arranged ganglion cells.In the LD+BBR group,the cells in both inner and outer nuclear layers of retina exhibited relatively intact morphology,uniform staining pattern,and tight arrangement.Moreover,the thickness measurement for outer nuclear layer revealed a value of(54.07±2.05)μm,and there were only a few apoptotic cells present,resulting in an apoptotic rate of(16.02±2.68)％(P＜0.05).Compared with that of the blank control group,the relative expression of P2X7R mRNA in the retinas of the LD group was upregulated,with the difference between the two groups being statistically significant(P＜0.05).The relative expression of P2X7R mRNA in the retinas of the LD+BBR group was downregulated,showing no statistical significance compared with that of the blank control group.However,compared with that of the LD group,the relative expression of P2X7R mRNA in the retinas of the LD+BBR group showed a significant downward trend,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Berberine can alleviate chronic retinal photodamage in mice,and inhibit the activation of P2X7R,thereby preventing the formation of retinal photodamage.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of symptom clusters during chemoradio-therapy in patients with cervical cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clini-cal data of 776 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer during chemoradiotherapy.The M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventory(MDASI-D)was used to assess common symptoms and their severity in cancer pa-tients.Exploratory factor analysis was employed to extract symptom clusters.Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to screen for influencing factors of the major symptom clus-ters.Results Among 776 cervical cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy,the five most prevalentsymptoms were fatigue,nausea,dry mouth,disturbed sleep and vomiting.Through explora-tory factor analysis,a total of four symptom clusters,namely the digestive tract symptom cluster,the somatic symptom cluster,the side effect symptom cluster and the emotional symptom cluster were ex-tracted.Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score were influencing factors for gastrointestinal symptom cluster(P＜0.05);age,educa-tional level,disease stage and ECOG performance status were influencing factors for physical symptom cluster(P＜0.05);age,educational level,monthly household income per capita,ECOG performance status and disease stage were influencing factors for the emotional symptom cluster(P＜0.05);the ECOG performance status,disease stage and comorbid chronic diseases were influencing factors for the side effect symptom cluster(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with cervical cancer frequently experi-ence gastrointestinal,emotional,physical and side effect symptom clusters during chemoradiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the potential role of estrogen in the formation of granulation tissue hyperplasia-induced tracheal stenosis in rats.Methods Twenty-four female SD rats were ran-domly divided into three groups(n=8)using a random number table method:sham group(n=8),ovariectomized(OVX)group(bilateral ovariectomy,n=8),and ovariectomized+estrogen(OVX+E2)group(bilateral ovariectomy followed by exogenous estrogen intervention,n=8).Four weeks af-ter establishment of the Sham and OVX rat models,a granulation tissue hyperplasia-induced tracheal stenosis model was constructed in all rats using the oral nylon brush scraping method.On the first day of modeling,rats in the OVX+E2 group were administered 17β-E2 at a dose of 300 μg/kg via intrap-eritonealinjection daily,while rats in the other two groups were given the same volume of normal saline.After 7 consecutive days of administration,tracheal specimens were obtained.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the pathological changes of tracheal granulation tissue hyperplasia in each group and calculate the tracheal stenosis rate.Masson staining was employed to analyze the collagen fibers in the tracheal granulation tissue and calculate the relative collagen deposition area.Immunohistochemical(IHC)staining was used to detect the protein expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β 1),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),and collagen type Ⅰ(COL-Ⅰ)in the tracheal granulation tissue,and the average optical density(AOD)was calculated.Results HE staining revealed granulation tissue hyperplasi-a and tracheal lumen stenosis in the tracheal walls of all three groups.The stenosis rate was the highest in the OVX+E2 group,followed by the sham group,and the lowest in the OVX group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Masson staining showed that the collagen fibers in the sham group were thicker and denser with more collagen deposition compared to the OVX group.In contrast,the OVX+E2 group had even thicker and denser collagen fibers with more collagen dep-osition than the sham group.IHC staining demonstrated that the protein expression levels of COL-Ⅰ,TGF-β1,VEGF,and α-SMA in the tracheal granulation tissue were the lowest in the OVX group,fol-lowed by the sham group,and the highest in the OVX+E2 group.Conclusion Estrogen can acceler-ate tracheal granulation tissue hyperplasia by upregulating the protein expression levels of COL-Ⅰ,TGF-β1,and VEGF,as well as promoting fibroblast activation,leading to aggravated tracheal stenosis.

It is believed that the pathogenesis of oculomotor nerve palsy is insufficient marrow sea （髓海）， withered yang qi， poor contraction of eyelids and periocular meridians， and inability to open and close the eyes. The eye system is connected to the marrow sea， as well as the the foot taiyang （太阳） channel， foot yangming （阳明） channel， foot jueyin （厥阴） channel， yinqiao mai （阴跷脉） and yangqiao mai （阳跷脉）， and is nourished by the liver， spleen and kidney. Treatment should take into account both the branch and the root cause. It is suggested to treat the root by regulating the marrow sea， and treat the branch by unblocking the meridians and dredging the collaterals， thereby balancing the mild and the urgency of the yinqiao mai and yangqiao mai. Using the "Gen （根）-Liu（溜）-Zhu （注）-Ru （入）"acupoints to bypass the various meridians and taking the gallbladder meridian according to twelve major meridians that run on both sides of the body， both of which can provide ideas for improving symptoms such as ptosis and limited eye movement caused by oculomotor nerve palsy.

Objective To assess the early dental failure rate and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw(MRONJ)incidence in patients treated with bisphosphonates(BPs),and provide evidence for evaluation of clinical risk.Methods Electronic databases,in-cluding Cochrane Library,Wiley Online Library,PubMed,CNKI and Wanfang Data were searched to collect clinical studies concerning early dental failure and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients treated with bisphosphonates.The data were collected from inception until May 2022.The meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 15.Osoftware.Results A total of 13 clinical observational stud-ies involving 1261 implants,wherein 1182 implants were placed in patients who took bisphosphonate orally,and 79 implants were placed in patients treated with intravenous bisphosphonate.In patients who had orally administrated bisphosphonates,the pooled early dental fail-ure rate was 1.7％(95％CI:0.3％-3.9％),and the MRONJ incidence was 0.Among patients treated with intravenous bisphospho-nate,the pooled early dental failure rate was 0,and the MRONJ incidence was 5.6％.Conclusion The early dental failure rate and MRONJ incidence in patients who take bisphosphonates orally is as low as in a healthy population.On account of the relatively high risk of post-operative MRONJ in patients treated with intravenous bisphosphonates,clinical indications must be opted prudently.

Pulmonary hypertension has a high mortality rate,and although targeted therapy is available,it is still incurable,and the long-term prognosis for patients is poor.As a tyrosine kinase inhibitor,imatinib was approved for marketing in China in 2002 for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and other tumor diseases.In addition to the antitumor effects,imatinib was found to improve hemodynamics and exercise tolerance in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension,but the safety was suboptimal.With the emergence of new formulations of imatinib targeted at the lungs,it is expected to become a new targeted drug for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA)is one of the cerebral small vessel diseases in which amyloid-β is deposited in the cortical,subcortical and leptomeningal arterioles.The disease is commonly encountered in the elderly,characterized by recurrent lobar hemorrhage and cognitive dysfunction.In recent years,the diversity of intestinal microbiota and its products have been reported to be involved in the pathogenic process of central nervous system diseases through various pathways such as neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier leakage.However,the underlying mechanism of intestinal microbiota in CAA is not clear.It has been reported that intestinal microbiota disorder can induce intracranial Aβ production and aggregation,blood-brain barrier leakage,and Aβ transport receptor imbalance,and then damage in blood vessels,accompanied by neuroinflammatory mechanisms.The authors reviewed the potential mechanism of intestinal microbiota involved in amyloid deposition to provide a theoretical reference for the exploration of potential clinical therapeutic targets for CAA.