Objective To explore the effects of behavior change intervention based on the multi-ple-theory model on patients with dyslipidemic ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 93 patients with dyslipidemic ischemic stroke who were hospitalized in the vascular neurology ward of Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University from January to August 2024 were selected as the study subjects using the convenience sampling method.They were randomly divided into control group(n=49)and intervention group(n=44)using the envelope-drawing method.Patients in the control group re-ceived routine stroke health education,while those in the intervention group underwent a 3-month be-havior change program guided by the multiple-theory model.The levels of healthy behaviors,body mass index(BMI),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C)were compared between the two groups.Results There were no statistically significant differences in general information and disease-related data between the two groups(P＞0.05).At 1-,3-,and 6-month after the intervention,the level of healthy behaviors in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group,with statistically significant differ-ences(P＜0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in BMI between the two groups at 6 months after the intervention(P＜0.05).The TC levels in the intervention group at 3 and 6 months after the intervention were lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The HDL-C level in the intervention group at 6 months after the intervention was high-er than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).The LDL-C levels in the intervention group at 1-,3-,and 6-month after the intervention were lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in TG levels between the intervention group and the control group at different time points after the intervention(P＞0.05).Conclusion The behavior change intervention pro-gram based on the multiple-theory model can effectively improve and maintain healthy behaviors and improve blood lipid levels in patients with dyslipidemic ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate iodine content in drinking water and clarify the distribution characteristics of iodine in water in Shaanxi Province.Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used to collect water samples from administrative villages in the province.Two tap water samples were taken from the centralized water supply villages,and 10％samples were taken from the decentralized water supply villages.Water iodine was detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Water iodine areas were divided according to national standards:＜40 μg/L was iodine deficiency area,40-100 μg/L was iodine adequate area,＞100 μg/L was high iodine area.According to the ecological regionification scheme of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shaanxi Province was divided into three types:the central and eastern Inner Mongolia Platea-Loess Plateau ecological region,the Fenwei Basin ecological region,and the Qinba Mountains ecological region.SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results The median of water iodine in Shaanxi Province was 6.66 μg/L.The survey of water iodine content was conducted in 22 848 administrative villages,1 309 townships,112 counties and 14 municipalities in the whole province.The median water iodine was less than 40 μg/L in 91.75％(20 963/22 848)of the administrative villages,between 40 and 100 μg/L in 7.40％(1 691/22 848)of the administrative villages,and more than 100 μg/L in 0.85％(194/22 848)of the administrative villages.The median of water iodine in the central and eastern Inner Mongolia Platea-Lose Plateau ecological zone,the Fenwei Basin ecological zone,and Qinba Mountains ecological zone was 12.35,8.88,and 2.00 μg/L,respectively,and the differences among different ecological zones were statistically significant(H=6 616.23,P＜0.001).The median of water iodine of centralized and decentralized water supply was 6.72 and 6.21 μg/L,respectively,and differences between different water supply methods were statistically significant(Z=5.638,P＜0.01).Conclusion The overall external environment of Shaanxi Province is iodine deficient,and most of the administrative villages are iodine deficient areas.There are a certain proportion of high iodine water source areas and suitable iodine areas.

Objective To investigate the effects of galectin-3(Gal3)on autophagy in high glucose-induced human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized retinal pigment epithelial(hTERT-RPE)cells.Methods The hTERT-RPE cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into a normal group(group C),a high glucose group(group HG),a high glu-cose+si-NC group(group HG+si-NC)and a high glucose+si-Gal3 group(group HG+si-Gal3).Reverse transcrip-tion polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect the relative mRNA expression levels of Gal3,intercellular ad-hesion molecule(ICAM)-1,interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in hTERT-RPE cells of each group.The expression levels of IL-1 and IL-6 in the supernatant of hTERT-RPE cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression level of reactive oxygen species(ROS),the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in hTERT-RPE cells were analyzed by dichlorofluorescin diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining,the colorimetric method and the microplate method,respectively.The protein expression levels of Gal3,the ratio of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)type Ⅱ to type Ⅰ(LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ),Beclin 1,and autophagy-associat-ed 5(ATG5)and 7(ATG7)in hTERT-RPE cells from each group were detected by Western blot analysis.After the hTERT-RPE cells in each group were transfected with double fluorescent mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmids alone and with RFP-LAMP1 and GFP-LC3 plasmids jointly,the changes of autophagy flow in hTERT-RPE cells were detected by laser confocal microscopy.Results Compared with the group C,the group HG showed an increase in the expression of Gal3,IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α,ICAM-1,P62,ROS and MDA content(all P＜0.05).However,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ,Beclin1,ATG7,ATG5,the SOD activity,and the number of red(autolysosomes)and yellow fluorescence spots(autophagosomes)of the double fluo-rescent mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid were all lower in the group HG than those in the group C(all P＜0.05).There was no sig-nificant difference in the number of yellow fluorescent spots(autolysosomes)co-located by RFP-LAMP1 and GFP-LC3 plas-mids between groups C and HG(P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in the expression levels of the above-mentioned indexes in hTERT-RPE cells between groups HG and HG+si-NC(all P＞0.05).The expression levels of Gal3,IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α,ICAM-1,P62,ROS and MDA content in hTERT-RPE cells of the group HG+si-Gal3 were lower than those of the group HG+si-NC(all P＜0.05).Compared with those in the group HG+si-NC,the expression levels of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ,Beclin1,ATG7,ATG5,SOD activity,and the number of red and yellow fluorescent spots of the double fluo-rescent mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid were increased in the group HG+si-Gal3(all P＜0.05).There was no significant differ-ence in the number of yellow fluorescent spots co-located by RFP-LAMP1 and GFP-LC3 plasmids between groups HG+si-GaL3 and HG+si-NC(P＞0.05).Conclusion Gal3 is significantly elevated in hTERT-RPE cells induced by high glu-cose,resulting in impaired autophagy flow.It produces a direct regulatory effect on the formation of autophagosomes,and plays a highly active role in oxidative damage and expression of inflammatory factors in hTERT-RPE cells induced by high glucose.

Objective To investigate the effects of galectin-3(Gal3)on autophagy in high glucose-induced human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized retinal pigment epithelial(hTERT-RPE)cells.Methods The hTERT-RPE cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into a normal group(group C),a high glucose group(group HG),a high glu-cose+si-NC group(group HG+si-NC)and a high glucose+si-Gal3 group(group HG+si-Gal3).Reverse transcrip-tion polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect the relative mRNA expression levels of Gal3,intercellular ad-hesion molecule(ICAM)-1,interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in hTERT-RPE cells of each group.The expression levels of IL-1 and IL-6 in the supernatant of hTERT-RPE cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression level of reactive oxygen species(ROS),the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in hTERT-RPE cells were analyzed by dichlorofluorescin diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining,the colorimetric method and the microplate method,respectively.The protein expression levels of Gal3,the ratio of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)type Ⅱ to type Ⅰ(LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ),Beclin 1,and autophagy-associat-ed 5(ATG5)and 7(ATG7)in hTERT-RPE cells from each group were detected by Western blot analysis.After the hTERT-RPE cells in each group were transfected with double fluorescent mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmids alone and with RFP-LAMP1 and GFP-LC3 plasmids jointly,the changes of autophagy flow in hTERT-RPE cells were detected by laser confocal microscopy.Results Compared with the group C,the group HG showed an increase in the expression of Gal3,IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α,ICAM-1,P62,ROS and MDA content(all P＜0.05).However,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ,Beclin1,ATG7,ATG5,the SOD activity,and the number of red(autolysosomes)and yellow fluorescence spots(autophagosomes)of the double fluo-rescent mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid were all lower in the group HG than those in the group C(all P＜0.05).There was no sig-nificant difference in the number of yellow fluorescent spots(autolysosomes)co-located by RFP-LAMP1 and GFP-LC3 plas-mids between groups C and HG(P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in the expression levels of the above-mentioned indexes in hTERT-RPE cells between groups HG and HG+si-NC(all P＞0.05).The expression levels of Gal3,IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α,ICAM-1,P62,ROS and MDA content in hTERT-RPE cells of the group HG+si-Gal3 were lower than those of the group HG+si-NC(all P＜0.05).Compared with those in the group HG+si-NC,the expression levels of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ,Beclin1,ATG7,ATG5,SOD activity,and the number of red and yellow fluorescent spots of the double fluo-rescent mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid were increased in the group HG+si-Gal3(all P＜0.05).There was no significant differ-ence in the number of yellow fluorescent spots co-located by RFP-LAMP1 and GFP-LC3 plasmids between groups HG+si-GaL3 and HG+si-NC(P＞0.05).Conclusion Gal3 is significantly elevated in hTERT-RPE cells induced by high glu-cose,resulting in impaired autophagy flow.It produces a direct regulatory effect on the formation of autophagosomes,and plays a highly active role in oxidative damage and expression of inflammatory factors in hTERT-RPE cells induced by high glucose.

Objective To investigate iodine content in drinking water and clarify the distribution characteristics of iodine in water in Shaanxi Province.Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used to collect water samples from administrative villages in the province.Two tap water samples were taken from the centralized water supply villages,and 10％samples were taken from the decentralized water supply villages.Water iodine was detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Water iodine areas were divided according to national standards:＜40 μg/L was iodine deficiency area,40-100 μg/L was iodine adequate area,＞100 μg/L was high iodine area.According to the ecological regionification scheme of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shaanxi Province was divided into three types:the central and eastern Inner Mongolia Platea-Loess Plateau ecological region,the Fenwei Basin ecological region,and the Qinba Mountains ecological region.SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results The median of water iodine in Shaanxi Province was 6.66 μg/L.The survey of water iodine content was conducted in 22 848 administrative villages,1 309 townships,112 counties and 14 municipalities in the whole province.The median water iodine was less than 40 μg/L in 91.75％(20 963/22 848)of the administrative villages,between 40 and 100 μg/L in 7.40％(1 691/22 848)of the administrative villages,and more than 100 μg/L in 0.85％(194/22 848)of the administrative villages.The median of water iodine in the central and eastern Inner Mongolia Platea-Lose Plateau ecological zone,the Fenwei Basin ecological zone,and Qinba Mountains ecological zone was 12.35,8.88,and 2.00 μg/L,respectively,and the differences among different ecological zones were statistically significant(H=6 616.23,P＜0.001).The median of water iodine of centralized and decentralized water supply was 6.72 and 6.21 μg/L,respectively,and differences between different water supply methods were statistically significant(Z=5.638,P＜0.01).Conclusion The overall external environment of Shaanxi Province is iodine deficient,and most of the administrative villages are iodine deficient areas.There are a certain proportion of high iodine water source areas and suitable iodine areas.

Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract. At present， the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer has not been fully clarified. Although surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy have achieved good clinical results in the treatment of esophageal cancer， there are still many complications and severe adverse reactions. As an important part of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， in recent years， many basic experiments and clinical studies have proved that Chinese medicine has a good effect in treating esophageal cancer. At the same time， the multi-component and multi-target characteristics of Chinese medicine and unclear pathogenesis of esophageal cancer determine that there are some problems such as unclear mechanisms of Chinese medicine in preventing and treating esophageal cancer. It is necessary to start with modern medicine and reveal the mechanism of Chinese medicine in preventing and treating diseases from the aspects of molecular biology and network pharmacology. It is believed in TCM that the occurrence of esophageal cancer is mostly attributed to stagnation of liver Qi， phlegm stasis and Qi stagnation， fluid consumption and heat accumulation， the decline of healthy Qi， and the cementation of cancer toxicity. According to the literature review， Chinese medicinal compounds mainly include tonic formulae （such as Liu Junzitang）， drying and moistening formulas （such as Qigesan）， and heat-clearing formulas （such as Fufang Kushen injection）. Chinese medicinal monomers mainly include drugs potent in attacking poison and killing insects， clearing heat， activating blood and resolving stasis， and regulating Qi， which is consistent with the etiology and pathogenesis of esophageal cancer in TCM. It is also found that Chinese medicine can promote cell apoptosis and autophagy， block cell cycle， and reverse cell resistance by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， neurogenic locus notch homolog protein （Notch）， Wnt/β-catenin， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3）， and other related signaling pathways， but there is no systematic summary. This study systematically summarized the relevant signaling pathways of Chinese medicine in regulating esophageal cancer， which is helpful to clarify the relevant mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the process of esophageal cancer occurrence， development， invasion， and metastasis， so as to provide new targets and new perspectives for the treatment of esophageal cancer and promote the modernization of TCM.

Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides are one of the most commonly used Tripterygium wilfordii preparations， which have anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating effects. Their unique therapeutic effect on some autoimmune diseases and kidney diseases is almost irreplaceable by other similar drugs， but the possible reproductive damage is the bottleneck that hinders their clinical application. In clinical use， female patients often suffer from menstrual cycle disorders， decreased menstrual flow， even amenorrhea， infertility， and other symptoms， and the main toxic mechanism lies in damaging the reproductive and endocrine functions of the ovary and inhibiting the growth and development of follicles. Therefore， it is particularly necessary to understand the toxic and side effects of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides on female reproduction and master the detoxification methods during clinical use. However， there is no clear solution to these problems. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine， "kidney governs reproduction"， and the relationship between kidney Yin， kidney essence， and female ovum is close. Therefore， by considering that the damage to the reproductive system caused by Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides belongs to the category of kidney deficiency， Yin damage， and essence deficiency， the "strengthening kidney Yin" method is proposed. It points out that the reproductive toxicity damage of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides on the female can be effectively alleviated by tonifying kidney and Yin essence in clinical use. The relevant research on traditional Chinese medicine， classical prescription， test prescription， and acupuncture is summarized to verify the necessity of the "strengthening kidney Yin" method， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the safe and rational clinical use of Tripterygium wilfordii.

Objective:To evalaute the role of hippocampal ubiquinol cytochrome C reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) in cognitive dysfunction after global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in mice.Methods:Forty SPF healthy male C57BL/6J mice, aged 12 weeks, weighing 22-26 g, were selected, and 20 of them were divided into 2 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group and GCI1 group. The other 20 mice were divided into 2 groups ( n=10 each) by the random number table method: GCI2 group and GCI+ UQCRC1 overexpression group (GCI+ UQCRC1 group). In Sham group, the skin was directly sutured after exposing both common carotid arteries. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries for 20 min in GCI1, GCI2 and GCI+ UQCRC1 group, and lentivirus VSVG-Lentivirus-hSyn-EGFP-P2A-UQCRC1-WPRE-pA 500 nl was injected into the bilateral hippocampus at 2 weeks before developing the model in GCI+ UQCRC1 group. The novel object recognition task was carried out on the 2nd day following completion of model development, and the percentage of time spent exploring the novel object was calculated. The fear conditioning test was carried out on days 3-4 after completion of model development, and the freezing time was recorded. Morris water maze test was performed on days 5-10 after completion of model development, and the escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant were recorded. After the Morris water maze test, the expression of UQCRC1 in the hippocampal CA1 region was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results:Compared with Sham group, the percentage of time spent exploring the novel object was significantly decreased, the percentage of freezing time in training and test stages was decreased, the escape latency on days 6-9 was prolonged, the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant was decreased, and the expression of UQCRC1 in the hippocampal CA1 was down-regulated in GCI1 group ( P<0.05). Compared with GCI2 group, the percentage of time spent exploring the novel object was significantly increased, the percentage of freezing time in training and test stages was increased, the escape latency on days 6-9 was shortened, the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant was increased, and the expression of UQCRC1 in the hippocampal CA1 region was up-regulated in GCI+ UQCRC1 group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Hippocampal UQCRC1 is involved in the process of cognitive dysfunction following GCI in mice.

Objective:To evalaute the role of hippocampal ubiquinol cytochrome C reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) in cognitive dysfunction after global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in mice.Methods:Forty SPF healthy male C57BL/6J mice, aged 12 weeks, weighing 22-26 g, were selected, and 20 of them were divided into 2 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group and GCI1 group. The other 20 mice were divided into 2 groups ( n=10 each) by the random number table method: GCI2 group and GCI+ UQCRC1 overexpression group (GCI+ UQCRC1 group). In Sham group, the skin was directly sutured after exposing both common carotid arteries. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries for 20 min in GCI1, GCI2 and GCI+ UQCRC1 group, and lentivirus VSVG-Lentivirus-hSyn-EGFP-P2A-UQCRC1-WPRE-pA 500 nl was injected into the bilateral hippocampus at 2 weeks before developing the model in GCI+ UQCRC1 group. The novel object recognition task was carried out on the 2nd day following completion of model development, and the percentage of time spent exploring the novel object was calculated. The fear conditioning test was carried out on days 3-4 after completion of model development, and the freezing time was recorded. Morris water maze test was performed on days 5-10 after completion of model development, and the escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant were recorded. After the Morris water maze test, the expression of UQCRC1 in the hippocampal CA1 region was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results:Compared with Sham group, the percentage of time spent exploring the novel object was significantly decreased, the percentage of freezing time in training and test stages was decreased, the escape latency on days 6-9 was prolonged, the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant was decreased, and the expression of UQCRC1 in the hippocampal CA1 was down-regulated in GCI1 group ( P<0.05). Compared with GCI2 group, the percentage of time spent exploring the novel object was significantly increased, the percentage of freezing time in training and test stages was increased, the escape latency on days 6-9 was shortened, the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant was increased, and the expression of UQCRC1 in the hippocampal CA1 region was up-regulated in GCI+ UQCRC1 group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Hippocampal UQCRC1 is involved in the process of cognitive dysfunction following GCI in mice.