Objective To investigate and analyze the occupational stress levels and influencing factors among radiation workers in China, and provide a reference for alleviating occupational stress and promoting mental health. Methods Using the general situation questionnaire, Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire, and radiation protection knowledge questionnaire, a convenience sampling method was adopted to investigate the occupational stress of 243 radiation workers in Liaoning, Fujian, Guangdong, and Xinjiang provinces. The independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The average score of Effort-Reward Imbalance was 0.97 ± 0.22, and 100 (41.15%) radiation workers had occupational stress. There were significant differences in the detection rate of occupational stress among radiation workers of different ages, working years in radiation positions, monthly incomes, daily sleep durations, and daily working hours (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified daily working hours as a factor contributing to occupational stress. Conclusion The occupational stress among radiation workers in China is relatively severe. It is recommended to pay attention to the associated risks and implement targeted intervention measures to reduce the impact of occupational stress.

Objective To compare the results of accumulation and continuation methods in indoor radon measurement. Methods The radon concentrations in 30 households in 7 provincial capital cities of China were simultaneously measured using both accumulation and continuation methods. Results The radon concentration measured by accumulation method in 30 households ranged from 21 to 323 Bq/m³, with a median M(P₂₅, P₇₅) of 70.5 (43.8, 111). The radon concentration measured by the continuation method ranged from 16.1 to 258 Bq/m³, with a median M(P₂₅, P₇₅) of 100 (51.3, 141). The average relative percent deviation between the two measurement methods was 41.8%. There were significant differences among the measurement results at 8, 16, and 24 h by the continuation method. Pairwise comparisons showed there were statistical diffferences between 8 h and 16 h, as well as between 8 h and 24h; however, no statistical significance was found (P < 0.05), between 16 h and 24 h. Conclusion The overall continuous measurement results of the 30 households were higher than those of cumulation method. The comparison between accumulation and continuation measurement results did not show a high level of correlation (r=0.49). The continuation method is significantly affected by environmental factors, and the length of the measurement period can affect the measurement results. The selection of indoor radon measurement methods should consider the purpose, sample size, and environmental conditions.

Objective To investigate the current situation of occupational stress among radiation workers in nuclear power plants in China, to explore the factors influencing occupational stress, and to provide a reference for improving occupational stress. Methods A convenient sampling method was adopted to investigate the occupational stress of 100 radiation workers in two nuclear power plants in Fujian and Liaoning, using the general situation questionnaire, effort-reward imbalance questionnaire, and the radiation protection knowledge questionnaire. Independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis were used to examine the current situation of occupational stress and the influencing factors. Results The average value of effort-reward imbalance was 0.99 ± 0.15 and 47 (47%) radiation workers had occupational stress. There were significant differences in the detection rate of occupational stress among radiation workers with different ages, years of radiation work, monthly incomes, sleep durations (day), and exercise habits (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that monthly income, sleep duration (day), and exercise habits were the influencing factors for occupational stress. Conclusion The occupational stress of radiation workers in nuclear power plants is a serious issue influenced by many factors. Attention should be given to this issue, and targeted interventions should be implemented to improve the social and working environment of this occupational group and reduce the level of occupational stress.

Objective:To investigate the indoor radon concentrations and to analyze their seasonal variations in urban and rural residential dwellings in Ningxia province.Methods:From March 2022 to March 2023, based on the administrative region division and population distribution in Ningxia, a total of 143 typical residential dwellings, including 82 urban houses and 61 rural houses, were selected to measure indoor radon concentration by CR-39 solid nuclear track detectors for 1 year in Ningxia, with detectors changed every 3 months.Results:The annual average indoor radon concentration in Ningxia was 88 Bq/m 3, range 39-226 Bq/m 3. The annual average indoor radon concentration was below 100 Bq/m 3 for 69.9% of the measured dwellings, and below 300 Bq/m 3 for all of surveyed dwellings. Indoor radon concentrations in rural areas were much higher than those in urban areas ( Z=5.85, P<0.05). Indoor radon concentration varied significantly with the seasons, higher in autumn and winter, but lower in spring and summer, in total ( χ2=63.97, P<0.05), urban ( χ2=24.74, P<0.05), and rural ( χ2=43.15, P<0.05). Conclusion:The annual average indoor radon concentrations in all the measured dwellings are below the reference level of 300 Bq/m 3 recommended by Indoor Air Quality Standard (GB/T 18883-2022) in China.

In recent years, occupational stress has become a focus of public attention in public health in China and abroad. Radiation workers are exposed to ionizing radiation in their daily work, which further exacerbates their levels of occupational stress. This not only affects their physical and mental health, but also increases the potential for radiation incidents or accidents. Based on the literature on occupational stress among radiation workers in China throughout the years, this article provides a summary, conclusion, and systematical analysis of the research status of occupational stress among radiation workers, with a detailed sorting of the data. It explores key research issues and directions and provides reference for future work.

Objective:To conduct radiation detection and dose assessment in selective internal radiotherapy with 90Y resin microspheres for the purpose of providing a reference for radiological protection. Methods:The dose rates from radiotherapy with 90Y resin microspheres were detected in the process of each operation at different distances from the body surface of patients the levels of dose to the persons concerned were compared with the relevant national regulations and standards. Results:The estimated dose rates were 1.12-454 μSv/h during 90Y resin microspheres dispensing and 2.06-58.2 μSv/h during surgical procedure. The dose rates at 0.5 h after surgery were 22.7-64.1 μSv/h at 5 cm and 0.82-2.55 μSv/h at 1 m from three patient′s body surface. Assuming treating 200 patients a year, the annual individual effective dose to the radiation workers was 0.12-1.03 mSv/year. The annual individual effective dose to the public, comforters and carers of patients was 0.02-0.24 mSv/year after release of a patient. Conclusions:During the treatment, nursing and release of patients, the radiation doses to workers, carers and the public are lower than the individual dose limit given in the GB18871-2002 basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources and the management target value set by of the relevant medical institutions.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is associated with stroke-related mortality. However, the long-term association of blood pressure (BP) and the risk of stroke-related mortality and the influence path of BP on stroke-related death remain unknown. The current study aimed to estimate the long-term causal associations between BP and stroke-related mortality and the potential mediating and moderated mediating model of the associations. METHODS: This is a 45-year follow-up cohort study and a total of 1696 subjects were enrolled in 1976 and 1081 participants died by the latest follow-up in 2020. COX proportional hazard model was used to explore the associations of stroke-related death with baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) categories and BP changes from 1976 to 1994. The mediating and moderated mediating effects were performed to detect the possible influencing path from BP to stroke-related deaths. E value was calculated in the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Among 1696 participants, the average age was 44.38 ± 6.10 years, and 1124 were men (66.3%). After a 45-year follow-up, a total of 201 (11.9%) stroke-related deaths occurred. After the adjustment, the COX proportional hazard model showed that among the participants with SBP ≥ 160 mmHg or DBP ≥ 100 mmHg in 1976, the risk of stroke-related death increased by 217.5% (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.175, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.297-4.388), and the adjusted HRs were higher in male participants. Among the participants with hypertension in 1976 and 1994, the risk of stroke-related death increased by 110.4% (HR = 2.104, 95% CI: 1.632-2.713), and the adjusted HRs of the BP changes were higher in male participants. Body mass index (BMI) significantly mediated the association of SBP and stroke-related deaths and this mediating effect was moderated by gender. CONCLUSIONS In a 45-year follow-up, high BP and persistent hypertension are associated with stroke-related death, and these associations were even more pronounced in male participants. The paths of association are mediated by BMI and moderated by gender.
Adult ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Stroke

Objective:To evaluate 90Y activity concentration in renal excretions during the first 48 hours after being treated with 90Y resin microspheres seleceive internal radiation therapy(SIRI) and to provide advice on the management of patient excreta after surgery. Methods:After surgery, urine excreted from 3 patients during 0-24 h and 24-48 h was collected respectively, and the 90Y activity concentration in urine was tested and analyzed. Results:90Y radioctivity in the urine excreted from 3 patients after surgery was (1 266±258)kBq/GBq during 0-24 h and (140±106) kBq/GBq during 24-48 h, respectively, and 90Y activity concentration were (640±113) kBq/L during 0-24 h and (53±12) kBq/L during 24-48 h. Conclusions:90Y radioactivity in patient′s urine excreted at 1 d was about 10 times higher than that at 2 d. After surgery, patients can accelerate the reduction of free 90Y activity by increasing excretion. Urine excreted by the patients during hospitalization should be handled in accordance with the requirements of the national standard HJ 1188-2021 Radiation protection and safety requirements for nuclear medicine.

Objective To investigate the suitable methods for reducing the concentration levels of residential radon and its daughters. Methods Three rooms were selected and treated by natural ventilation, air purifier, and sealing/shielding, respectively. The EQF3120 device was used to measure the concentrations of radon and its daughters, and the alpha nuclear trail detector was used to measure indoor radon concentration. The three methods were compared in terms of radon reduction effect. Results After natural ventilation for 2-10 hours, the average reduction rates of the concentrations of radon and attached and unattached radon daughters in the room were 87.7%, 89.8%, and 93.7%, respectively; in the room with air purifier, the concentrations of radon and attached and unattached radon daughters were reduced by 46.3%, 94.5%, and 45.3%, respectively; after sealing and shielding, the concentration of radon was reduced by 74.9% after 1 month and 59.2% after 1 year. Conclusion All three methods have a marked effectin reducing the concentrations of indoor radon and its daughters, and natural ventilation is the most economical and effective method for reducing radon.

Objective:To investigate basic characteristics of diabetes prevalence and associated factors in centenarians in Hainan province of China.Methods:All the subjects were from China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study. A total of 1 002 centenarians were included in the final analysis, who were divided into three groups: diabetes group, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) group, and normal glucose group according to the guideline.Results:The average age of centenarians was (102.77±2.55) years, and the proportion of females was 82.0%. There were 95 centenarians who suffered from diabetes, and the prevalence rate was 9.5%. There were 81 centenarians who had IFG, and the prevalence rate was 8.1%. The mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of centenarians was (5.12±1.44) mmol/L, while 43.5% of centenarians had FPG levels ranging from 4.00 to 5.00 mmol/L and 22.1% of centenarians had the FPG levels ranging from 5.00 to 6.00 mmol/L. Increased triglyceride level and abdominal obesity might be associated with the risk for diabetes.Conclusion:The glycometabolism in centenarians in Hainan was better than that in other age groups, and no gender specific difference was observed.