Objective To construct a swallowing dynamic model for simulating dysphagia caused by reduced tongue movement am-plitude.Methods A swallowing dynamic model was established based on medical imaging data from CT and videofluoroscopic swallowing study(VFSS).The finite element method was used to simulate soft tissues,while the smoothed parti-cle hydrodynamics method(SPH)was used to simulate bolus.The model's posture at each time point was com-pared with the imaging data of VFSS from twelve patients with dysphagia,and a normalization method was used for quantitative evaluation of the model's validity.By adjusting the tongue movement amplitude under different viscosity conditions,the role of tongue movement in the swallowing process was investigated,and the swallow-ing safety and efficiency were assessed.Results The tongue posture and bolus trajectory presented by the swallowing dynamic model were consistent with the VFSS imaging.The brightness in the epiglottis area in VFSS images correlated with the equivalent brightness of SPH particles in the simulation results(r=0.97).As the tongue movement amplitude reducing by 20%,the num-ber of aspirated particles,swallowing efficiency and the average velocity of bolus particles in the oropharyngeal cavity all performed well.Pudding-like fluids exhibited favorable swallowing characteristics even when tongue movement amplitude reducing significantly.Conclusion The swallowing dynamic model can simulate the human swallowing process,providing good support for re-habilitation training of patients with dysphagia and the development of specialized medical foods,demonstrating significant potential for clinical applications.

Objective To investigate the effects of implant length,diameter,and abutment angle on bone stress distributions around maxillary central incisors,and determine the optimal parameter combination.Methods A three-dimensional(3D)model of the maxilla was reconstructed based on CBCT data.Using an orthogonal table,a total of 16 dental implant 3D models were established,varying in length,diameter,and abutment angle.These models were assembled with the maxillary and rigid-body models.Finite element analysis was performed using the transient dynamics module of ANSYS.Orthogonal experiments and one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)were conducted on the obtained stress data.Results The implant diameter showed a statistically significant effect on the maximum von Mises stress in cortical bone(P=0.010),while implant length(P=0.229)and abutment angle(P=0.844)did not demonstrate a statistical significance.The optimal parameter combination for cortical bone stress was 5.0 mm implant diameter,12 mm implant length,and 0° abutment angle.In cancellous bone,implant length(P=0.001),diameter(P=0.011),and abutment angle(P=0.013)all had statistically significant effects on the maximum von Mises stress.The optimal parameter combination for cancellous bone stress was 14 mm implant length,5.0 mm implant diameter,and 5° abutment angle.Conclusions Implant diameter significantly affects the stress of both cortical and cancellous bone.Clinically,a larger diameter should be preferred to reduce the stress peak.Implant length is the next most important factor,while abutment angle has the least effect.

Objective To construct a swallowing dynamic model for simulating dysphagia caused by reduced tongue movement am-plitude.Methods A swallowing dynamic model was established based on medical imaging data from CT and videofluoroscopic swallowing study(VFSS).The finite element method was used to simulate soft tissues,while the smoothed parti-cle hydrodynamics method(SPH)was used to simulate bolus.The model's posture at each time point was com-pared with the imaging data of VFSS from twelve patients with dysphagia,and a normalization method was used for quantitative evaluation of the model's validity.By adjusting the tongue movement amplitude under different viscosity conditions,the role of tongue movement in the swallowing process was investigated,and the swallow-ing safety and efficiency were assessed.Results The tongue posture and bolus trajectory presented by the swallowing dynamic model were consistent with the VFSS imaging.The brightness in the epiglottis area in VFSS images correlated with the equivalent brightness of SPH particles in the simulation results(r=0.97).As the tongue movement amplitude reducing by 20%,the num-ber of aspirated particles,swallowing efficiency and the average velocity of bolus particles in the oropharyngeal cavity all performed well.Pudding-like fluids exhibited favorable swallowing characteristics even when tongue movement amplitude reducing significantly.Conclusion The swallowing dynamic model can simulate the human swallowing process,providing good support for re-habilitation training of patients with dysphagia and the development of specialized medical foods,demonstrating significant potential for clinical applications.

Objective To investigate the effects of implant length,diameter,and abutment angle on bone stress distributions around maxillary central incisors,and determine the optimal parameter combination.Methods A three-dimensional(3D)model of the maxilla was reconstructed based on CBCT data.Using an orthogonal table,a total of 16 dental implant 3D models were established,varying in length,diameter,and abutment angle.These models were assembled with the maxillary and rigid-body models.Finite element analysis was performed using the transient dynamics module of ANSYS.Orthogonal experiments and one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)were conducted on the obtained stress data.Results The implant diameter showed a statistically significant effect on the maximum von Mises stress in cortical bone(P=0.010),while implant length(P=0.229)and abutment angle(P=0.844)did not demonstrate a statistical significance.The optimal parameter combination for cortical bone stress was 5.0 mm implant diameter,12 mm implant length,and 0° abutment angle.In cancellous bone,implant length(P=0.001),diameter(P=0.011),and abutment angle(P=0.013)all had statistically significant effects on the maximum von Mises stress.The optimal parameter combination for cancellous bone stress was 14 mm implant length,5.0 mm implant diameter,and 5° abutment angle.Conclusions Implant diameter significantly affects the stress of both cortical and cancellous bone.Clinically,a larger diameter should be preferred to reduce the stress peak.Implant length is the next most important factor,while abutment angle has the least effect.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and poor outcome of successful recanalization after endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:From January 2019 to October 2022, patients with acute ischemic stroke received endovascular treatment and successful recanalization in the Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang were included retrospectively. SHR was defined as the fasting blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin ratio. At 90 d after procedure, the outcome of patients was evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale score. 0-3 was defined as good outcome, and >3 was defined as poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factor for poor outcome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of SHR for 90 d poor outcome in patients with successful recanalization after endovascular treatment.Results:A total of 159 patients were enrolled, including 98 males (61.6%), aged 69.8±8.9 years old. The baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 12.6±4.3, and SHR was 1.17±0.46. One hundred and five patients (66.0%) had good outcome, while 54 (34.0%) had poor outcome. There were statistically significant differences in SHR, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, baseline NIHSS score and the proportion of patients with poor collateral circulation and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage between the poor outcome group and the good outcome group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SHR was an independent predictor of poor outcome (odds ratio 2.254, 95% confidence interval 1.136-4.278; P<0.001). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of SHR for predicting poor outcome was 0.726 (95% confidence interval 0.648-0.804; P<0.001), which was higher than fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. The optimal cutoff value for SHR was 1.21, and the sensitivity and specificity for predicting poor outcomes were 66.23% and 75.82%, respectively. Conclusion:SHR is associated with the poor outcome of successful recanalization after endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke and can be used as a potential predictor.

Objective To study effects of hydrated rate on compressed deformation properties of natural articular cartilage.Methods The mass losses of pure cartilage,subchondral bone and cartilage sample were measured under different volatilization time with constant vacuum temperature container of 40 ℃,and confined compressed deformation of different hydrated rates was measured using UMT-2 multi-specimen test system.Combined with cartilage structural equation originated by Mow,the aggregated modulus and permeability of cartilage tissue were obtained.Results The mass losses of pure cartilage,subchondral bone and cartilage sample functioned with a non-linear ascending relation with volatilization time in the environmental temperature of 40 ℃.The volatilization time for different hydrated rates of 75%,50%,25%and 0% was 17 min,35 min,54 min and 100 min,respectively.Higher hydrated rate produced more compressed deformation,lower aggregated modulus and higher permeability.Conclusion The viscoelastic mechanisms of flow-dependence and flow-independence are manifested by compressed deformations while the aggregated modulus and permeability could quantitatively depict the mutual relation between hydrated rate and compressed deformation.