Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a leading cause of childhood blindness, with extremely preterm and very-low-birth-weight infants now constituting the main high-risk group. ROP progresses in two stages: early retinal microvascular degeneration and progressive vascular arrest, followed by abnormal neovascularization in the avascular area. Early oxidative and nitrosative stress—amplified by oxygen fluctuations and immature antioxidant defenses—drives the two-phase pathogenesis via hypoxia-inducible factor/vascular endothelial growth factor(HIF/VEGF), NOX/STAT3, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2(Nrf2)-antioxidant response element(ARE)pathways, mediating apoptosis of endothelial cells, damage to barrier and pathological angiogenesis. This review systematically analyzes different oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR)models, elucidates key signaling pathways including Notch, Wnt in physiological and pathological vascularization, with particular emphasis on the biphasic effects of Nrf2 and the differential roles of NOX signaling between phases. We also discuss the limitations of anti-VEGF therapy and oxygen management principles. Reactive oxygen species(ROS)play context-dependent roles across vaso-obliteration and neovascularization phases. Based on mechanistic insights, we propose future directions including combined/sequential interventions, ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation targeting, nano-delivery systems for enhanced bioavailability, and perinatal safety assessment strategies, aiming to provide translatable mechanistic basis for reducing pathological neovascularization while promoting physiological vascular development.

Diabetes mellitus, characterized by glucose metabolism disorders and marked by insulin deficiency or insulin resistance, has seen a continuous rise in prevalence. In recent years, islet transplantation has matured as a therapeutic approach for diabetes, becoming an important method for glycemic control and the reduction of diabetes-related complications. Donor selection directly influences transplant outcomes, and various research institutions worldwide have proposed multiple scoring systems to optimize donor assessment, such as the University of Alberta scoring system and the North American Islet Donor Score. This article explores the impact of key factors such as donor age, body mass index and ischemia time on islet transplantation. Combining practical experience in pancreatic donor selection from Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, it proposes screening criteria for pancreatic donors suitable for China, aiming to provide new evidence for improving the success rate of islet transplantation.

Qingningsan is the seventh prescription in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions （the Second Batch） issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. This paper uses the method of bibliometrics to systematically analyze the ancient books that record Qingningsan from the aspects of prescription source， composition， dosage， preparation method， usage， indications， formulation principle， drug processing， and modification， sort out its historical origin， and clarify its key information. The results showed that Qingningsan was first recorded in Chen Fuzheng's Complete Work on Children's Diseases in the Qing dynasty. It was mainly used to treat cough caused by heat accumulation in the heart and lung of children， and it is mainly used to treat children's respiratory diseases with cough and expectoration as the main symptoms， with the indications roughly the same as that of ancient applications. This paper suggests that the prescription can be prepared with 0.42 g honey-fried Mori Cortex （dried root bark of Morus alba）， 0.42 g stir-fried Descurainiae Semen （dried mature seeds of Descurainia sophia）， 0.42 g wine-processed Poria （pale brown or reddish dried sclerotia of Poria cocos）， 0.42 g salt-processed Plantaginis Semen （dried mature seeds of Plantago asiatica）， and 0.21 g stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis）. The above drugs are pulverized into fine powder and 1.87 g should be taken each time with the decoction of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens and Jujubae Fructus. This study provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of the classic formula Qingningsan and the research and development of related preparations.

To explore the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and integrative TCM-Western medicine approaches in the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications （DMC）， refine key pathophysiological insights and treatment principles， and promote academic innovation and strategic research planning in the prevention and treatment of DMC. The 38th session of the Expert Salon on Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine， hosted by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， was held in Beijing， 2024. Experts in TCM， Western medicine， and interdisciplinary fields convened to conduct a systematic discussion on the pathogenesis， diagnostic and treatment challenges， and mechanism research related to DMC， ultimately forming a consensus on key directions. Four major research recommendations were proposed. The first is addressing clinical bottlenecks in the prevention and control of DMC by optimizing TCM-based evidence evaluation systems. The second is refining TCM core pathogenesis across DMC stages and establishing corresponding "disease-pattern-time" framework. The third is innovating mechanism research strategies to facilitate a shift from holistic regulation to targeted intervention in TCM. The fourth is advancing interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the role of TCM in new drug development， research prioritization， and guideline formulation. TCM and integrative approaches offer distinct advantages in managing DMC. With a focus on the diseases responding specifically to TCM， strengthening evidence-based support and mechanism interpretation and promoting the integration of clinical care and research innovation will provide strong momentum for the modernization of TCM and the advancement of national health strategies.

OBJECTIVE To explore a model for constructing a platform for medical institution formulation and provide insights for promoting their development. METHODS By systematically reviewing the development status and challenges of medical institution preparations in China， and based on the theory of industry-university-research collaborative innovation， the organizational structure， collaborative processes， and safeguard mechanisms of the platform were designed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Medical institution formulations in China mainly faced challenges such as weak research and development （R&D） capacity， uneven quality standards， and blocked transformation pathways. This study established a full-chain， whole- industry collaborative innovation network covering the government， medical institutions， universities/research institutes， pharmaceutical enterprises， and the market， forming a new “government-industry-university-research-application” five-in-one platform model for medical institution formulations. By establishing mechanisms such as multi-entity collaborative cooperation， full- chain intellectual property management， contribution-based benefit distribution， staged risk-sharing， and third-party evaluation， the model clarified the responsibilities and collaborative pathways of all parties. The new model highlights the whole-process transformation of clinical experience-based prescriptions， enabling precise alignment between clinical needs and technological R&D， as well as between preparation achievements and industrial transformation. While breaking down the barriers of traditional platform construction， it effectively achieves optimal resource allocation and complementary advantages， addresses problems emerging in the development of medical institution preparations， and provides reference value for the formulation of relevant systems.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck malignancy. Approximately 50% to 60% of patients with OSCC are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage (clinical staging III-IVa). Even with comprehensive and sequential treatment primarily based on surgery, the 5-year overall survival rate remains below 50%, and patients often suffer from postoperative functional impairments such as difficulties with speaking and swallowing. Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are increasingly used in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC and have shown encouraging efficacy. However, clinical practice still faces key challenges, including the definition of indications, optimization of combination regimens, and standards for efficacy evaluation. Based on the latest research advances worldwide and the clinical experience of the expert group, this expert consensus systematically evaluates the application of PD-1 inhibitors in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC, covering combination strategies, treatment cycles and surgical timing, efficacy assessment, use of biomarkers, management of special populations and immune related adverse events, principles for immunotherapy rechallenge, and function preservation strategies. After multiple rounds of panel discussion and through anonymous voting using the Delphi method, the following consensus statements have been formulated: 1) Neoadjuvant therapy with PD-1 inhibitors can be used preoperatively in patients with locally advanced OSCC. The preferred regimen is a PD-1 inhibitor combined with platinum based chemotherapy, administered for 2-3 cycles. 2) During the efficacy evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy, radiographic assessment should follow the dual criteria of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 and immune RECIST (iRECIST). After surgery, systematic pathological evaluation of both the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes is required. For combination chemotherapy regimens, PD-L1 expression and combined positive score need not be used as mandatory inclusion or exclusion criteria. 3) For special populations such as the elderly (≥ 70 years), individuals with stable HIV viral load, and carriers of chronic HBV/HCV, PD-1 inhibitors may be used cautiously under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team (MDT), with close monitoring for adverse events. 4) For patients with a poor response to neoadjuvant therapy, continuation of the original treatment regimen is not recommended; the subsequent treatment plan should be adjusted promptly after MDT assessment. Organ transplant recipients and patients with active autoimmune diseases are not recommended to receive neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy due to the high risk of immune related activation. Rechallenge is generally not advised for patients who have experienced high risk immune related adverse events such as immune mediated myocarditis, neurotoxicity, or pneumonitis. 5) For patients with a good pathological response, individualized de escalation surgery and function preservation strategies can be explored. This consensus aims to promote the standardized, safe, and precise application of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor strategies in the management of locally advanced OSCC patients.

ObjectiveTo clarify the anti-inflammatory and lung-protective effects of Yantiao prescription on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced acute lung injury （ALI）， and to explore the impact of Yantiao prescription on the metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid （AA） in vivo. MethodsThirty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the following groups based on body weight： normal group， model group， dexamethasone group （2 mg·kg^-1）， low-dose Yantiao prescription group （18 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose Yantiao prescription group （36 g·kg^-1）， with 6 mice in each group. The ALI mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The treatment groups received oral gavage once a day for 7 consecutive days， and serum and lung tissue were collected at the end of the experiment. The content of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to assess lung tissue pathology. The wet/dry weight ratio （W/D） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity in lung tissue were measured. The content of AA metabolites in serum and lung tissue was measured by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）. ResultsCompared with the conditions in the normal group， the content of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 in the model group was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The alveolar structure in mice was severely damaged， with markedly thickened alveolar walls and extensive inflammatory cell infiltration. The W/D ratio and MPO activity in lung tissue were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The content of AA metabolites， including prostaglandin D₂ （PGD₂）， prostaglandin E₂ （PGE₂）， 11（S）-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid ［11（S）-HETE］， and 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid （5-HETE） in serum and lung tissue was significantly increased （P<0.05）， while the content of 11，12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid （11，12-EET） and 14，15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid （14，15-EET） in serum was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the results in the model group， the content of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 in the dexamethasone group， low-dose Yantiao prescription group， and high-dose Yantiao prescription group was significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Mild thickening of alveolar walls， scattered inflammatory cell infiltration， and relatively intact tissue structure with improved alveolar architecture were observed. The W/D ratio and MPO activity in lung tissue were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. The content of AA metabolites PGD₂， PGE₂， 11（S）-HETE， and 5-HETE in serum from the dexamethasone group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while the content of 14，15-EET in serum significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the content of 5-HETE in lung tissue significantly decreased （P<0.01）. In the low-dose and high-dose Yantiao prescription groups， the content of AA metabolites PGD₂， PGE₂， 11（S）-HETE， and 5-HETE in serum and lung tissue was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while the content of 11，12-EET in both serum and lung tissue was significantly increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionYantiao prescription has significant protective effects against LPS-induced ALI， which are related to its regulation of AA metabolic pathways in vivo.

[摘 要] 免疫细胞介导的药物递送系统是以免疫细胞为载体，利用细胞固有的趋化作用将治疗药物靶向递送至特定病灶部位，因其具有优异的生物相容性、低免疫原性、组织特异性归巢及易穿过生物屏障等多重优势，已成为药物递送和疾病治疗的重要手段。本文系统论述免疫细胞的载药策略和单核细胞、中性粒细胞、间充质干细胞和树突状细胞等作为载体细胞的生物学特性、主要优缺点，以及应用于肿瘤治疗的最新研究进展，为深入研究免疫细胞介导的药物递送系统和临床转化提供重要参考。

ObjectiveTo review the interoceptive assessment tools in terms of structure, content and psychometric properties, based on the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsThe literature on interoceptive evaluation tools was retrieved from databases of CNKI, PubMed, Medline and EBSCO. The principal structures and contents of the assessment tools were analyzed based on the ICF framework, and the quality of the psychometric properties were appraised using COSMIN. ResultsA total of 13 interoceptive assessment tools were ultimately included, involving 16 literature references. There were five interoceptive sensitivity tools, four accuracy tools and four awareness tools. In terms of content, interoceptive sensitivity tools involved 33 categories of body functions, six categories of activities and participation, and one of environmental factors; while interoceptive accuracy tools only involved seven categories of body function, and two of activities and participation items; interoceptive awareness tools involved 30 categories of body function, four categories of activities and participation, and three of environmental factors. In terms of psychometric properties, Body Perception Questionnaire-Short Form (BPQ-SF) was the sensitivity tool with the best reliability and validity (qualified rate of 7/8), followed by Interoceptive Sensitivity Questionnaire (ISQ) (qualified rate of 6/8). Most of the accuracy tools adopted standardized measurement methods, but lacked sufficient reliability and validity verification. The awareness tools were good in reliability and validity (qualified rate above 5/8), especially Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-1) and Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) (qualified rate of 8/8). ConclusionBPQ-SF and ISQ are recommended for interoceptive sensitivity assessment, Water-loading Test and Heart-beat Tracking Task for interoceptive accuracy assessment, and MAIA-1 and BAQ for interoceptive awareness assessment.

ObjectiveTo optimize Tusizi prescription for ovarian reserve function based on the uniform design method combined with in vitro experiments and explore the underlying mechanisms of this prescription. MethodsThe uniform design method was adopted to design a 5-factor 11-level experiment on the water extract of Tusizi prescription. The cell-counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was employed to measure the viability of human ovarian granulosa cells （KGN cells） treated with Tusizi prescription extracts 1-11， and multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the optimal herb ratio in this prescription. The potential targets of active ingredients in the prescription were retrieved from traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform （TCMSP） and encyclopedia of traditional Chinese medicine （ETCM）. The common targets shared by Tusizi prescription and diminished ovarian reserve （DOR） were selected and imported into search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins （STRING） to construct a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network and into gene function annotation database （DAVID） for gene ontology （GO） analysis. The CCK-8 assay was used to measure the viability of ovarian germline stem cells treated with hyperoside. The CCK-8 assay， 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine （EdU） staining， terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick-end labeling （TUNEL）， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） were employed to examine the proliferation， apoptosis， and estradiol （E₂） secretion of KGN cells treated with the water extract 11 of Tusizi prescription （Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus-Dioscoreae Rhizoma-Poria-Nelumbinis Semen 4∶4∶2∶1∶1） and the optimal prescription screened by uniform design. On this basis， the optimal prescription composition for maximizing the effect on ovarian reserve function was determined and preliminary insights into the underlying mechanisms of this prescription were gained. ResultsA total of 147 common targets were obtained from 278 targets of Tusizi prescription and 1 721 targets of DOR. GO analysis revealed 194 biological processes， primarily involving cellular responses to exogenous compound stimuli， negative regulation of apoptotic process， and positive regulation of cell proliferation. It identified 84 cellular components， including cell membrane， mitochondria， and neuronal cell body， as well as 144 molecular functions such as enzyme binding， estrogen response element binding， and nuclear estrogen receptor binding. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that when Tusizi prescription was composed of Cuscutae Semen， Lycii Fructus， Dioscoreae Rhizoma， Poria， and Nelumbinis Semen in a ratio of 27∶30∶17∶12∶14， the water extract of Tusizi prescription had the best effect of enhancing the viability of KGN cells. CCK-8 results showed that compared with the normal group， the hyperoside group demonstrated increased viability of ovarian germline stem cells （P<0.01）. The CCK-8， EdU， and ELISA results showed that compared with the normal group， the optimal prescription screened by uniform design and the water extract 11 of Tusizi prescription increased the proliferation and reduced the apoptosis of KGN cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ELISA results showed that compared with the normal group， the water extract 11 of Tusizi prescription promoted the E₂ secretion of KGN cells （P<0.05）， while the optimal prescription screened by uniform design had no significant effect on the E₂ secretion. ConclusionBoth the water extract 11 of Tusizi prescription （Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus-Dioscoreae Rhizoma-Poria-Nelumbinis Semen 4∶4∶2∶1∶1） and the optimal prescription screened by uniform design （Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus-Dioscoreae Rhizoma-Poria-Nelumbinis Semen 27∶30∶17∶12∶14） can improve the ovarian reserve function， and the former has better effect. Tusizi prescription can modulate biological processes （such as cell proliferation and apoptosis） and molecular functions （such as enzyme binding and estrogen response element binding） through active components like hyperoside to promote the proliferation and E₂ secretion and inhibit the apoptosis of KGN cells， thereby protecting the ovarian reserve function.