AIM To optimize the cellulase-assisted ultrasound extraction process for total flavonoids from Plumbago zeylanica L.,and to evaluate their anti-oxidant activity.METHODS With extraction time,liquid-solid ratio,cellulase addition amount,extraction temperature and ultrasonic power as influencing factors,extraction rate of total flavonoids as an evaluation index,the extraction process was optimized by response surface method on the basis of single factor test.Subsequently,The scavenging rates of extract on DPPH,ABTS and OH free radicals were determined.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 34∶1 for liquid-solid ratio,3％for cellulase addition amount,51 ℃ for extraction temperature,38 min for extraction time,and 400 W for ultrasonic power,the extraction rate of total flavonoids was(33.411±0.97)％.The IC50 values of three free radicals were 0.13,0.042,3.29 mg/mL,respectively.CONCLUSION This reasonable and reliable method can be used for the cellulase-assisted ultrasound extraction of total flavonoids from P.zeylanica with strong anti-oxidant activity.

Objective To compare the effects of different detector combinations of 320-row CT on the image quality and radiation dose of head CT to explore the feasibility of using a wide detector for head CT scanning.Methods Totally 100 patients underwent head CT scanning due to trauma or cerebrovascular disease at some hospital from June to August 2023 were collected prospectively and divided into group A and group B by using block randomization grouping method,with the length of the block group being 2 and 50 patients in each group.In group A,all the detectors had the widths at z-axis direction being 40×0.5 mm and head scanning was completed after multiple exposures;in group B,detector combinations with widths of 280×0.5 mm or 320×0.5 mm were chosen based on the patient's head size in the head-foot direction(z-axis direction),and head scanning was performed with a single-turn exposure.The remaining scanning and image reconstruction parameters in the two groups were kept completely consistent.The head image quality of the 2 groups was evaluated objectively and scored subjectively by 2 radiologists.The volume CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP)and exposure time of the 2 groups were recorded,and the effective dose(ED)was calculated.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results In terms of objective evaluation of image quality,at the level of the parietal skull group B had the CT value of gray matter,image noise and contrast to noise ratio(CNR)of the images higher than those of group A,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05);at the level of the posterior skull group B had the CT values of gray and white matter,image noise and air noise lower while CNR higher than those of group A,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).In terms of subjective scoring of image quality,at the levels of parietal and posterior skull group A behaved better than group B,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).In group A 5 patients had obvious motion artifacts affecting the diagnosis and the image quality scores not higher than 2,and secondary scanning had to be carried out;In group B all the patients had no obvious motion artifacts and met the diagnosis requirements.When compared with group A Group B had the CTDIvol,DLP,ED and exposure time decreased by 17.44%,17.24%,17.48%and 85.53%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion A wide detector gains advantages over a 20 mm detector in image quality when 320-row CT is used for head CT scanning,with the diagnosis requirements satisfied.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(4):57-62]

Objective To compare the effects of different detector combinations of 320-row CT on the image quality and radiation dose of head CT to explore the feasibility of using a wide detector for head CT scanning.Methods Totally 100 patients underwent head CT scanning due to trauma or cerebrovascular disease at some hospital from June to August 2023 were collected prospectively and divided into group A and group B by using block randomization grouping method,with the length of the block group being 2 and 50 patients in each group.In group A,all the detectors had the widths at z-axis direction being 40×0.5 mm and head scanning was completed after multiple exposures;in group B,detector combinations with widths of 280×0.5 mm or 320×0.5 mm were chosen based on the patient's head size in the head-foot direction(z-axis direction),and head scanning was performed with a single-turn exposure.The remaining scanning and image reconstruction parameters in the two groups were kept completely consistent.The head image quality of the 2 groups was evaluated objectively and scored subjectively by 2 radiologists.The volume CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP)and exposure time of the 2 groups were recorded,and the effective dose(ED)was calculated.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results In terms of objective evaluation of image quality,at the level of the parietal skull group B had the CT value of gray matter,image noise and contrast to noise ratio(CNR)of the images higher than those of group A,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05);at the level of the posterior skull group B had the CT values of gray and white matter,image noise and air noise lower while CNR higher than those of group A,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).In terms of subjective scoring of image quality,at the levels of parietal and posterior skull group A behaved better than group B,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).In group A 5 patients had obvious motion artifacts affecting the diagnosis and the image quality scores not higher than 2,and secondary scanning had to be carried out;In group B all the patients had no obvious motion artifacts and met the diagnosis requirements.When compared with group A Group B had the CTDIvol,DLP,ED and exposure time decreased by 17.44%,17.24%,17.48%and 85.53%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion A wide detector gains advantages over a 20 mm detector in image quality when 320-row CT is used for head CT scanning,with the diagnosis requirements satisfied.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(4):57-62]

AIM To optimize the cellulase-assisted ultrasound extraction process for total flavonoids from Plumbago zeylanica L.,and to evaluate their anti-oxidant activity.METHODS With extraction time,liquid-solid ratio,cellulase addition amount,extraction temperature and ultrasonic power as influencing factors,extraction rate of total flavonoids as an evaluation index,the extraction process was optimized by response surface method on the basis of single factor test.Subsequently,The scavenging rates of extract on DPPH,ABTS and OH free radicals were determined.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 34∶1 for liquid-solid ratio,3％for cellulase addition amount,51 ℃ for extraction temperature,38 min for extraction time,and 400 W for ultrasonic power,the extraction rate of total flavonoids was(33.411±0.97)％.The IC50 values of three free radicals were 0.13,0.042,3.29 mg/mL,respectively.CONCLUSION This reasonable and reliable method can be used for the cellulase-assisted ultrasound extraction of total flavonoids from P.zeylanica with strong anti-oxidant activity.

Objective:To explore the function of LIM and calponin homology domains 1(LIMCH1)in the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),along with their potential clinical applications.Methods:By utilizing transcriptome sequencing data from two groups of oral squa-mous cell carcinoma patients,along with bioinformatics analytical techniques such as Gene Ontology(GO)and gene co-expression networks,we identified genes that might play a pivotal role in the patho-genesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.We employed real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting to validate the expression patterns of these genes across twelve patient tissue samples.Furthermore,we con-ducted CCK-8 assays,flow cytometry analyses,and scratch wound healing assays to assess the impact of key genes on the biological behaviors of both the Ca127 oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line and the po-tentially malignant DOK oral lesion cell line.Additionally,we examined correlations between these key genes and clinical disease parameters in 214 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients using The Cancer Ge-nome Atlas(TCGA)data;gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)analysis results were also incorporated to enhance our findings from real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting regarding potential mecha-nisms underlying the action of these key genes.Results:The integrated analysis of sequencing data and bioinformatics revealed that LIMCH1 exhibited significantly reduced mRNA(P＜0.001)and protein levels(P＜0.01)in the oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with normal control tissues.In the Ca127 cells,the low LIMCH1 level group demonstrated a larger wound healing area within 24 hours than the control group(P＜0.01),enhanced proliferation capacity over 72 hours relative to the control group(P＜0.01),and an increased apoptosis rate within 24 hours compared with the high expression group(P＜0.05).However,no significant differences were observed between the low and high level groups in DOK cells.Furthermore,it was determined that low LIMCH1 level correlated with poor prognosis in the patients(P=0.013)and a higher lymph node metastasis rate(P＜0.05).Investigations into the poten-tial mechanisms of action indicated that LIMCH1 did not influence the onset or progression of oral squa-mous cell carcinoma via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway.Conclusion:LIMCH1 level may function as a promising biomarker to aid in the prognostic assessment of oral squamous cell carcinoma;however,its precise mechanistic role requires further investigation.

Hypertension and osteoporosis(OP)are common diseases in middle-aged and elderly people,and the number of patients with both diseases has gradually increased in recent years.Because the onset of the disease is hidden,it is easy to cause fractures and serious complications of heart,brain and kidney in the later stage,which not only seriously damages the quality of life of patients,but also increases the difficulty of clinical treatment.Therefore,it is particularly necessary to strengthen the research on this disease.More and more studies have found that the disorder of intestinal flora will lead to the occurrence of OP,while the intestinal flora of patients with hypertension is obviously out of balance.Therefore,this paper thinks that intestinal flora may be the key influencing factor of hypertension complicated with OP,and the imbalance of intestinal flora will lead to the imbalance of short-chain fatty acid metabolism,immune inflammatory reaction and increased sympathetic nerve activity,thus causing the imbalance of bone homeostasis and promoting the occurrence of OP.Therefore,it is suggested that regulating intestinal flora may be a new way to intervene hypertension complicated with OP.

Objective To observe the effects of Zhengan Xifeng decoction on bile acid spectrum of bile and sterol 12α hydroxylase(CYP8B1)in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).Methods Fifty SHR were randomly divided into model group,control group(1.0 mg·kg-1·d-1 benazepril by gavage)and experimental-L,-M,-H groups(8.63,17.25 and 34.50 g·kg-1·d-1 Zhengan Xifeng decoction by gavage),another 10 homologous male Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)rats were taken as the normal group.The model group and the normal group were given the same amount of distilled water.The rats in the 6 groups were administered once a day for 8 weeks.The animal non-invasive sphygmomanometer was used to measure the blood pressure of rats in each group by tail-cuff method;the bile acid spectrum of rats in each group was detected by UPLC-MS/MS;the expression of CYP8B1 mRNA in rat liver tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results The systolic blood pressure at the 8th week of the experimental-M,-H groups,control group,model group,normal group were(169.63±12.10),(170.32±9.64),(175.95±15.47),(189.47±7.42)and(146.40±9.45)mmHg;the diastolic blood pressure at the 8th week were(135.10±11.99),(129.73±15.10),(135.18±17.62),(149.20±8.83)and(110.53±10.92)mmHg;the relative expression levels of CYP8B1 mRNA were 3.36±0.94,5.45±1.46,4.29±0.95,0.89±0.14 and 1.00±0.00,respectively.Compared with the model group,the above indexes in the experimental-M,-H groups were statistically significant(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the bile acid spectrum of experimental-L,-M,-H groups bile changed significantly,and a total of 9 different bile acids were found,which were hyodeoxycholic acid,glycohyodeoxycholic acid,glycochenodeoxycholic acid,glycoursodeoxycholic acid,α-muricholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,cholic acid,β-muricholic acid and glycocholic acid.Conclusion Zhengan Xifeng decoction may correct bile acid spectrum disorder of bile and reduce blood pressure by up-regulating liver CYP8B1 expression.

Objective To observe the effects of Zhengan Xifeng decoction on bile acid-Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5)/Ras homolog(Rho)/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase(ROCK)/agouti-related protein(AgRP)signaling pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).Methods Seventy SHR were randomly divided into the model group,control group(gavage administration of 0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 amlodipine besylate tablets),experimental-L,-M,-H group(gavage administration of 8.630 x 103,1.725 × 104,3.450 × 104 mg·kg-1·d-1 Zhengan Xifeng decoction).Fifteen Wistar-Kyoto rats served as the normal group.The model and normal groups were given the same amount of distilled water.Six groups were treated for 8 weeks with once a day.The bile acid profiles of jejunum contents and colon contents were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,and the expression levels of TGR5,Rho,ROCK and AgRP proteins in the hypothalamus were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normal,mode,control groups and experimental-L,-M,-H groups,the bile acid spectrum of jejunum contents was significantly changed,and 6 different bile acids were found,namely glycoursodeoxycholic acid,glycohyodeoxycholic acid,hyodeoxycholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,taurochenodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.The bile acid spectrum of colon contents was significantly changed,and 4 different bile acids were found,namely deoxycholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,lithocholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid.The relative expression levels of TGR5 protein in normal,model,control and experimental-M groups were 1.01±0.22,0.75±0.23,0.96±0.16 and 1.02±0.21;the relative expression levels of Rho protein were 0.81±0.14,0.58±0.19,0.83±0.27 and 0.94±0.24;the relative expression levels of ROCK protein were 0.99±0.27,0.65±0.13,1.07±0.22 and 1.06±0.24;the relative expression levels of AgRP protein were 0.98±0.33,1.46±0.45,0.83±0.25 and 0.95±0.33,respectively.Compared with the model group,the above indexes in the experimental-M group and the normal group showed significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Zhengan Xifeng decoction may suppress AgRP expression via bile acid-TGR5/Rho/ROCK/AgRP signaling pathway,to achieve the purpose of reducing blood pressure.

Objective To observe the effects of Zhengan Xifeng decoction on bile acid-Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5)/Ras homolog(Rho)/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase(ROCK)/agouti-related protein(AgRP)signaling pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).Methods Seventy SHR were randomly divided into the model group,control group(gavage administration of 0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 amlodipine besylate tablets),experimental-L,-M,-H group(gavage administration of 8.630 x 103,1.725 × 104,3.450 × 104 mg·kg-1·d-1 Zhengan Xifeng decoction).Fifteen Wistar-Kyoto rats served as the normal group.The model and normal groups were given the same amount of distilled water.Six groups were treated for 8 weeks with once a day.The bile acid profiles of jejunum contents and colon contents were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,and the expression levels of TGR5,Rho,ROCK and AgRP proteins in the hypothalamus were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normal,mode,control groups and experimental-L,-M,-H groups,the bile acid spectrum of jejunum contents was significantly changed,and 6 different bile acids were found,namely glycoursodeoxycholic acid,glycohyodeoxycholic acid,hyodeoxycholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,taurochenodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.The bile acid spectrum of colon contents was significantly changed,and 4 different bile acids were found,namely deoxycholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,lithocholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid.The relative expression levels of TGR5 protein in normal,model,control and experimental-M groups were 1.01±0.22,0.75±0.23,0.96±0.16 and 1.02±0.21;the relative expression levels of Rho protein were 0.81±0.14,0.58±0.19,0.83±0.27 and 0.94±0.24;the relative expression levels of ROCK protein were 0.99±0.27,0.65±0.13,1.07±0.22 and 1.06±0.24;the relative expression levels of AgRP protein were 0.98±0.33,1.46±0.45,0.83±0.25 and 0.95±0.33,respectively.Compared with the model group,the above indexes in the experimental-M group and the normal group showed significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Zhengan Xifeng decoction may suppress AgRP expression via bile acid-TGR5/Rho/ROCK/AgRP signaling pathway,to achieve the purpose of reducing blood pressure.

Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tetanus/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology*