Background As one of the key populations in the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders, it is important to continuously monitor the iodine nutritional level of school-age children. The current reference interval for thyroid volume in China is based on age only, without taking into account differences in individual developmental levels, and the distribution of thyroid volume may vary regionally due to economic, demographic, and environmental factors. The current reference cut-off points for thyroid volume proposed by the World Health Organization are not based on the Chinese population. Objective To understand the iodine nutritional status and distribution of thyroid volume (Tvol) among children aged 8-10 years in Huangpu District, Shanghai, China, to identify impact factors of Tvol, and to propose a reference range upper limit for local thyroid health surveillance, so as to provide a basis for goiter control and prevention. Methods Six hundred children aged 8-10 years in Huangpu District were recruited in 2017, 2020, and 2023, and body height, weight, thyroid volume, urinary iodine, and iodine content of household edible salt were determined. A multilevel model was constructed using population density and area as regional variables, and age, body surface area (BSA), and body mass index (BMI) as potential impact factors for at the individual level, to assess their effects on thyroid volume. Quantile regression of thyroid volume was performed, and the 98th percentile (P₉₈) of thyroid volume was predicted based on age and BSA. Results The iodized salt coverage in the households of surveyed children in 2017, 2020, and 2023 was 72.0%, 57.0%, and 48.0%, respectively, and the iodized salt coverage decreased by year (χ²=24.31, P<0.001). The urinary iodine level of children in 2017 was higher than that in 2020 and 2023 (χ²=18.77, P<0.001). The Tvol medians of children in 2017, 2020, and 2023 were 2.29, 2.49, and 2.97 mL, respectively, and the Tvol increased by year (χ²=60.04, P<0.001). The proportion of goiter was higher in children in 2023 than in 2017 and 2020 (χ²=6.57, P<0.05). Sex differences were not statistically significant for urinary iodine levels, thyroid volume, and goiter. The median Tvol was 2.26, 2.58, and 2.76 mL in children of 8, 9, and 10 years old respectively, and the Tvol increased with age (χ²=49.02, P <0.001). Tvol was positively correlated with age, BSA, and BMI with correlation coefficients of 0.2846, 0.3723, and 0.2950, respectively. The final quantile regression model showed that the strongest effect of BSA was associated with the 98th percentile of Tvol. Multilevel models considering population density or area as regional variables failed to achieve convergence. Conclusion To establish the upper limit of the reference interval for thyroid volume of healthy children in Huangpu District, the effects of age and BSA should be considered at the individual level, and the upper limit of the normal interval for goiter screening is suggested to be the 98th percentile value of BSA at the same age. In addition, the adaptability of population density and regional area as indicators of regional aggregation of thyroid volume distribution still needs to be further explored.

Objective: To assess the nutritional supply status of school meals for primary and secondary school students in Henan Province, so as to provide a basis for scientific guidance of school meals. Methods: During 2021-2023, 115 lunch and dinner samples were collected from 25 primary and secondary schools in Zhoukou, Anyang and Luoyang of Henan Province by a direct selection method, and 13 nutrients were determined for each sample. The nutrient supply was evaluated based on Nutrition Guidelines of School Meals and Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for Chinese Residents (2023 Edition). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences of nutritional supply between urban and rural schools. Results: The median values for energy (709.77 kcal,1 kcal=4.18 kJ), fat energy supply ratio (0.27) and carbohydrate energy supply ratio (0.55) in the 66 lunches and dinners from primary school were within the recommended range. The supply of protein (28.39 g) and sodium (1 464.59 mg) was excessive. The median values of zinc (2.62 mg) and dietary fiber (5.19 g) were lower than the reference values. No statistically significant differences were observed in the supply of 13 nutrients between urban and rural primary schools( U = 427.00 -633.00, P > 0.05 ). Among 49 samples from secondary schools, the median value of energy supply (930.02 kcal), carbohydrate energy ratio ( 0.54 ) and fat energy supply ratio(0.25) were within the recommended range; and the median values of protein (38.82 g) and sodium (2 556.80 mg) were higher than the standard; and the median values of calcium (250.32 mg) and vitamin B1 (0.16 mg) were lower than the standard. Additionally, the differences in the level of vitamin B2 ( U =372.00) and zinc ( U =375.00) between the urban and rural secondary schools were statistically significant ( P <0.05). Conclusion Nutrient supply of primary and secondary school meals in three cities of Henan Province is inadequate and imbalanced, and the recipe need to be further optimized and improved.

BackgroundPostpartum depression can affect the physical and mental health of mothers and the quality of parenting. Most Chinese women perform traditional postpartum practices （commonly known as "doing the month"） after giving birth， while the existing findings are inconsistent and inconclusive regarding the potential of traditional Chinese postpartum practices to alleviate or exacerbate postpartum depression. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between traditional Chinese postpartum practices and postpartum depression， so as to provide references for reducing the risk of postpartum depression. MethodsA total of 240 consecutive women who gave birth in the obstetrics department of the Mianyang Central Hospital and the Third Hospital of Mianyang from January to May 2024 were selected. Data were collected using Self-designed General Information Questionnaire， Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale （EPDS）， the Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）， the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 （PHQ-15）， the Adherence to Doing-the-Month Practices questionnaire （ADP）， and the Self-compiled Questionnaire on the Cognition of Doing-the-Month. The absolute value （A value） of the difference between scores of ADP and Cognition of Doing-the-Month Questionnaire was calculated to evaluate the degree of cognitive behavioral conflict of postpartum women. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlations of EPDS score with SSRS score， PHQ-15 score， ADP total and dimensional scores， Cognition of Doing-the-Month Questionnaire total and dimensional scores， and A value. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the protective and risk factors for developing postpartum depression. ResultsThe postpartum depression was detected in 22.50% of women. The postpartum women had a EPDS score of （6.21±5.00）， ADP score of （70.05±20.57）， SSRS score of （41.96±6.96）， PHQ-15 score of （4.63±3.77）， and Cognition of Doing-the-Month questionnaire score of （40.30±10.13）. The A value was （0.65±0.58）. Correlation analysis revealed that EPDS score was negatively correlated with the total ADP score and the four dimensional scores of the restrictions on social activities， diet， housework， and personal hygiene （r=-0.228， -0.146， -0.184， -0.275， -0.168， P<0.05 or 0.01）， and positively correlated with the A value （r=0.161， P<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis indicated that restriction on housework dimension in ADP was entered into the model （OR=0.930， 95% CI： 0.885~0.978）. ConclusionThe restriction on housework dimension in traditional Chinese postpartum practices may be a protective factor against postpartum depression.

ObjectiveTo construct an animal model of respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）-infected pneumonia suitable for preclinical studies. MethodsThe virulence of RSV to the four cell lines was observed by cytopathic effect （CPE）， and 50% tissue culture infective dose（TCID₅₀） was calculated. Twenty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group. Six BALB/c-hIGF1R mice served as the humanized IGF1R model group. Except for the normal group， the other groups received intranasal RSV infection on days 1 and 3 to establish a viral pneumonia model. The efficacy of establishing an RSV-induced pneumonia animal model based on humanized insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF1R） mice was evaluated by measuring organ indices， peripheral blood lymphocyte percentages， pulmonary pathology and imaging， and pulmonary viral load. Additionally， ten BALB/c mice served as normal group， and thirty-two BALB/c-hIGF1R mice were randomly assigned to humanized IGF1R model group， ribavirin group （82.5 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， and high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen （3.3 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹ ， 1.65 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， with 8 mice per group. The viral load in lung tissue was measured after ribavirin and Lianhua Qingwen intervention， and the model was applied to the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs. ResultsIn the lungs of the humanized IGF1R model group， large solid and diffuse ground-glass shadows were seen， and the lung volume was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The lung index was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and both the spleen index and thymus index were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The percentages of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺T cells were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and there was a large amount of inflammation and stasis in the perivascular area of the lung tissue， which was predominantly characterized by lymphocytes. The endothelium of blood vessels was partially detached， with a small number of eosinophils. After infecting BALB/c-hIGF1R mice with RSV， the expression of viral nucleic acids in the lung tissue of the mice was significantly increased， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. The expression of viral nucleic acids in the ribavirin group and the high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen was significantly reduced， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. ConclusionHumanized IGF1R mice are more susceptible to respiratory SVC， and the animal model of RSV-infected pneumonia based on humanized IGF1R mice was successfully constructed， which is suitable for the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs.

ObjectiveTo construct an animal model of respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）-infected pneumonia suitable for preclinical studies. MethodsThe virulence of RSV to the four cell lines was observed by cytopathic effect （CPE）， and 50% tissue culture infective dose（TCID₅₀） was calculated. Twenty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group. Six BALB/c-hIGF1R mice served as the humanized IGF1R model group. Except for the normal group， the other groups received intranasal RSV infection on days 1 and 3 to establish a viral pneumonia model. The efficacy of establishing an RSV-induced pneumonia animal model based on humanized insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF1R） mice was evaluated by measuring organ indices， peripheral blood lymphocyte percentages， pulmonary pathology and imaging， and pulmonary viral load. Additionally， ten BALB/c mice served as normal group， and thirty-two BALB/c-hIGF1R mice were randomly assigned to humanized IGF1R model group， ribavirin group （82.5 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， and high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen （3.3 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹ ， 1.65 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， with 8 mice per group. The viral load in lung tissue was measured after ribavirin and Lianhua Qingwen intervention， and the model was applied to the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs. ResultsIn the lungs of the humanized IGF1R model group， large solid and diffuse ground-glass shadows were seen， and the lung volume was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The lung index was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and both the spleen index and thymus index were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The percentages of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺T cells were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and there was a large amount of inflammation and stasis in the perivascular area of the lung tissue， which was predominantly characterized by lymphocytes. The endothelium of blood vessels was partially detached， with a small number of eosinophils. After infecting BALB/c-hIGF1R mice with RSV， the expression of viral nucleic acids in the lung tissue of the mice was significantly increased， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. The expression of viral nucleic acids in the ribavirin group and the high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen was significantly reduced， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. ConclusionHumanized IGF1R mice are more susceptible to respiratory SVC， and the animal model of RSV-infected pneumonia based on humanized IGF1R mice was successfully constructed， which is suitable for the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs.

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of Shufeng Jiedu capsules （SFJD） in alleviating influenza A （H1N1） virus pneumonia and focus on its effect on Toll-like receptor （TLR） signaling pathway in respiratory epithelial cells. MethodsA mouse model of viral pneumonia was established via the A/PR/8/34 （PR8） strain of influenza A virus. Mice were randomly divided into a normal group， a PR8 infection （PR8） group， and an SFJD group （8.4 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. The day of infection was designated as day 1. The SFJD group was administered intragastrically at a volume of 20 mL·kg^-1 daily， while the normal and PR8 groups were given an equal volume of deionized water. Micro-computed tomography （Micro-CT） was performed on day 5， and the mice were dissected to collect their lungs， after which the lung index was calculated to verify the therapeutic effect of SFJD. Single-cell sequencing was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes in respiratory epithelial cells. Multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of TLR， tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 （TRAF6）， and myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88） proteins in epithelial cell adhesion molecule （EpCAM）-positive cells， and the proportion of respiratory epithelial cells expressing TLR pathway proteins was calculated. Respiratory epithelial cells were then sorted by flow cytometry， and Western blot was used to detect the expression of TLR， MyD88， TRAF6， Toll-interleukin receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β （TRIF）， inhibitor of κB kinase α （IKKα）， and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） in the sorted epithelial cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in lung tissue. ResultsAt the transcriptional level， SFJD reversed the expression of TLR signaling pathway genes in respiratory epithelial cells， downregulating multiple TLR signaling pathway-related genes （P<0.01）. At the protein level， SFJD significantly reduced the proportion of respiratory epithelial cells expressing TLR3 （P<0.05）， the expression levels of TLR2， TLR3， TLR4， TRIF， TRAF6， IKKα， and NF-κB in epithelial cells（P<0.05， P<0.01）， as well as the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in lung tissue （P<0.01）. ConclusionSFJD may alleviate viral pneumonia by suppressing the expression of TLR in respiratory epithelial cells and their subsequent signaling cascades.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of curcumin affecting HIV-1 infection co-receptor CCR5 by regulating transcription factor FOXP3.Methods:Binding sites of transcription factor FOXP3 on CCR5 promoter were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics method.AutoDock 4.2 software was used to connect curcumin and FOXP3 flexibly.MTT assay was used to detect cyto-toxcity of curcumin on activity of Jurkat cells.qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect expression levels of CCR5 and FOXP3 mRNA and protein in Jurkat cells that were treated with different concentrations of curcumin.pcDNA3.1-FOXP3 expression vector was built and combined with the prediction results of transcription factors.The mutant CCR5 gene fragment was amplified by Overlap PCR,and the mutant CCR5 promoter recombinant vector pFireRluc-Mt-CCR5 was constructed.Binding site between transcription fac-tor FOXP3 and CCR5 promoter was verified by double luciferase reporter gene assay.Results:Results of JASPAR transcription factor prediction showed that there was a binding site between CCR5 promoter and transcription factor FOXP3;molecular docking results showed that curcumin could bind to the active region of FOXP3;MTT results showed that curcumin inhibited the activity of Jurkat cells after 24 hours,and the IC50 was 34.48 μmol/L.qRT-PCR and Western blot showed that expression levels of CCR5 and FOXP3 mRNA and protein were decreased in a dose-dependent manner after different concentrations of curcumin treated Jurkat cells;double luciferase reporter gene confirmed that FOXP3 could bind to CCR5 promoter,and the transcription factor FOXP3 could regulate the activity of CCR5 promoter;results of the recovery experiment of FOXP3 on curcumin showed that when the curcumin concentration was 60 μmol/L,relative value of luciferase activity in HEK293T cells with pcDNA3.1-FOXP3 and pFireRluc-Wt-CCR5 was signifi-cantly higher than that in pFireRluc-Wt-CCR5+curcumin-60 group(P<0.01).Conclusion:FOXP3 can regulate the activity of CCR5 promoter,and the mechanism may be that curcumin affects activity of CCR5 promoter by acting on binding site of FOXP3 and CCR5 promoter.

AIM To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of gallic acid,protocatechuic acid,neomangiferin,catechin,caffeic acid,mangiferin,isomangiferin,albiflorin,paeoniflorin,vitexin,liquiritin,scutellarin,baicalin,liquiritigenin,timosaponin BⅡ,quercetin,wogonoside,benzoylpaeoniflorin,isoliquiritigenin,honokiol,magnolol,norarecaidine,arecaidine,arecoline,epicatechin,baicalein,glycyrrhizinate and wogonin in Dayuan Drink.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 35℃thermostatic Syncronis C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.1%formic acid-acetonitrile flowing at 0.3 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electron spray inoization source was adopted in positive and negative ion scanning with select reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Twenty-eight constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2≥0.991 0),whose average recoveries were 95.60%-103.53%with the RSDs of 0.60%-5.45%.CONCLUSION This rapid,simple,selective,accurate and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Dayuan Drink.

Objective:To observe the impacts of using heated and humidified gas sources for delivery room resuscitation on the short-term outcomes of extremely preterm infants.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 231 extremely preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, from January 2020 to December 2022. The infants were divided into two groups based on whether heated and humidified gas sources were used during delivery room resuscitation: the heated and humidified group (103 cases) and the non-heated and humidified group (128 cases). Independent sample t-tests, Chi-square tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare general conditions and short-term outcomes between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of using heated and humidified gas sources during delivery room resuscitation on the short-term outcomes of extremely preterm infants. Results:Compared to the non-heated and humidified group, the heated and humidified group had a lower incidence of intubation resuscitation [28.2% (29/103) vs. 41.4% (53/128), χ 2=4.38], moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)/death [22.3% (23/103) vs. 39.1% (50/128), χ 2=7.39] and low rectal temperature upon admission (<36.7 ℃) [57.3% (59/103) vs. 79.7% (102/128), χ 2=13.57], while the rectal temperature upon admission was higher [36.3 ℃ (36.0-36.7 ℃) vs. 35.9 ℃ (35.5-36.3 ℃), U=－5.05], with all differences being statistically significant (all P<0.05). After adjusting for gender, gestational age, mode of delivery, amniotic fluid condition, weight on admission, maternal premature rupture of membranes, assisted reproductive technology, and full course of prenatal steroid use, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the use of heated and humidified gas sources during delivery room resuscitation could increase the hospital admission rectal temperature ( β=0.46, 95% CI: 0.28-0.64), and decrease the risks of severe BPD/death ( aOR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.20-0.75), and low rectal temperature upon admission ( aOR=0.29, 95% CI: 0.16-0.55)(all P<0.05). Compared to the non-heated and humidified group, the heated and humidified group showed no statistically significant differences in the use of pulmonary surfactant [37.9% (39/103) vs. 43.8% (56/128), χ 2=1.45], incidence of stage Ⅲ or higher necrotizing enterocolitis [2.0% (2/103) vs. 5.5% (7/128), χ 2=2.06], grade Ⅲ or higher intracranial hemorrhage [2.9% (3/103) vs. 3.9% (5/128), χ 2=0.22], and retinopathy of prematurity requiring surgical treatment [3.9% (4/103) vs. 10.2% (13/128), χ 2=3.60] (all P>0.05). Conclusion:The use of heated and humidified gas sources during resuscitation of extremely preterm infants can reduce the risk of moderate to severe BPD/death, help maintain warmth during resuscitation, and do not adversely affect other short-term outcomes.

Objective Coronary heart disease(CHD)is one of the major lethal diseases in the world at present.The detection of biomarkers is an important non-invasive method to evaluate the progression of CHD,which is of great significance for the diagnosis and secondary prevention of CHD.This study aims to screen diagnostic biomarkers in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction,analyze cuprotosis-related genes in the development of this disease,and further predict the traditional Chinese medicine of regulating cuprotosis-related genes.Methods The GEO database was searched to obtain chip data of myocardial infarction,differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were analyzed.Then,DEGs enrichment analysis was performed,and key genes were screened based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)and random forest(RF)methods.Diagnostic model was constructed and verified.After immune cell infiltration analysis was performed on differential genes,the results were further combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis to obtain differentially expressed immune-related genes,which were intersected with cuproptosis genes to obtain cuproptosis immune-related Hub genes.The correlation between cuproptosis-related genes and diagnostic genes were analyzed.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was performed on cuproptosis-related genes to further predict the traditional Chinese medicines of regulating the genes related to cuproptosis.Results A total of 115 DEGs,which were mainly enriched in the biological processes and pathways related to lymphocyte-mediated immunity,mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅳ,C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway,and chemokine signaling pathway,were obtained by differential analysis.Five diagnostic genes,SNORA20,SNORA19,H4C3,SNORD81,and COX7B,were screened out by machine learning methods.Immune infiltration analysis found dendritic cells,macrophages M2,monocytes,neutrophils,natural killer cells,CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and γδ T cells.It was indicated the above eight immune cells play a certain role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction in coronary heart disease.Weighted correlation network analysis(WGCNA)and immune infiltration analysis were used to obtain 358 key module genes,which were intersected with cuproptosis genes to obtain three cuproptosis and immune signature genes.The correlation analysis results of five diagnostic genes and Hub genes showed that there was a correlation between the expressions of SLC31A1 and SNORA20,LIAS and SNORA19,SNORD81,MTF1 and H4C3,SNORA20,SNORA19,SNORD81.GSEA analysis results indicated that LIAS and MTF1 had a significant effect on the NF-κB signaling pathway,NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.The potential regulatory Chinese medicines are mainly blood-activating and stasis-eliminating,qi-promoting and analgesic drugs.Conclusion SNORA20,SNORA19,H4C3,SNORD81,COX7B have a certain diagnostic value for myocardial infarction in coronary heart disease.The prediction of genes related to cuproptosis and immune infiltration in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction provides a certain reference for the study of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in myocardial infarction.